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From the resource-based view, strategic alliances can be defined by a long-term cooperative arrangement between two or more independent firms that exchange and share resources to gain market power and competitive advantage. Since knowledge has become the critical element for firms to achieve competitive advantage, one goal of strategic alliances can be realized by acquiring knowledge through partners. In this paper, the process of knowledge creation in strategic alliances is explained and clarified based on an evolutionary perspective. In addition, a mathematical representation is used to show how knowledge is created in strategic alliances, why firms are willing to create and share knowledge by entering into alliances, and what conditions are required to achieve successful knowledge creation under such arrangements. 相似文献
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Coopetition, i.e., cooperation between competing actors, has become a pervasive strategy for innovative firms. The primary focus of studies investigating coopetition centers on inter-firm relationships, highlighting the benefits, limits and configurational patterns of cooperative relationships between competing firms. Only a small, emerging group of studies seeks to extend the concept to the intra-firm level, stressing the existence and effects of competition and cooperation between units that are part of the same organization. This paper contributes to this latter group by investigating the effects of internal coopetition on knowledge and innovation sharing and highlighting the fundamental role of knowledge brokers in managing the resulting tensions. Based on a qualitative case study of the video game publisher Ubisoft, we stress how the tensions raised by internal coopetitive settings limit knowledge sharing between units, and we analyze the mechanisms through which the knowledge broker helps to overcome these limits. We identify three main functions of this knowledge broker that allow the promotion of knowledge and innovation transfer to occur between coopeting units: (1) protecting the unit’s competitive advantage by introducing a lagging principle in the transfer process, (2) reducing sharing costs by standardizing innovative solutions, and (3) enhancing awareness of and trust in innovative solutions by centralizing knowledge diffusion. 相似文献
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Barriers to innovation have mainly been studied in a single country context. This paper studies differences in the perception of innovation barriers between innovative and non-innovative firms for 18 EU countries. The countries are grouped by their distance to the technological frontier using Community Innovation Surveys for the years 2002–2004 and 2004–2006. The results show that knowledge barriers related to the availability of skilled labour, innovation partners and technological knowledge are more important for firms located in countries close to the frontier, while the opposite is true regarding the availability of external finance. Moreover, while the share of innovators decreases with the distance to the technological frontier, the share of firms not interested or in no need of innovation increases. This is consistent with the idea that as firms approach the technological frontier, they increasingly need to focus on the creation of own knowledge and the adoption of innovation-based growth strategies to stay competitive. 相似文献
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基于开放式创新的过程管理思想,考虑一个由知识源、知识转移中介、信息服务机构组成的闭环知识链系统,通过构建知识源领导(SL)、知识转移中介领导(OL)与信息服务机构领导(TL)等博弈模型,分析了权力结构对知识供给、转换、反馈等环节的创新绩效的影响。研究表明,掌握领导权可提高组织的知识产出、知识定价与创新利润;在创新绩效表现上,SL模式是分散决策时的最优权力结构;OL与SL模式具有同等的知识创造效率,但OL模式系统利润偏低并存在组织间的利益冲突风险;市场机遇、合作伙伴的创新能力与组织的知识创造效率正相关,弥补知识链成员创新能力的短板是提高系统创新绩效的关键。 相似文献
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分析了三种类型的网络对于企业的知识创造及管理活动的影响。社会网络理论讨论网络内的知识流动，以及网络联结的强度如何影响知识转化过程；外部网络理论讨论企业的互补知识如何形成，企业之间的学习过程如何实现；内部网络理论则关注不同的结构和管理过程如何帮助及促进知识的创造与转化。 相似文献
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Knowledge has become the main competitive tool for firms. Just as knowledge is considered as the most important strategic resource, knowledge management (KM) is considered to be critical to a firm’s success. Several attempts have been undertaken to identify and define the different KM processes. From the literature review, four key dimensions stand out as affecting KM processes: knowledge creation, knowledge transfer, knowledge storage/retrieval, and knowledge application. The aim of this paper is to contribute to the KM and value literature by determining the importance of the different processes of KM for increasing value creation and value capture in firms. The context for the research hypotheses is the Spanish banking industry in 2010. The results support a positive relationship between KM and value creation, and between value creation and value capture. 相似文献
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论战略联盟中的知识转移 总被引：18，自引：2，他引：18
知识是企业持续竞争优势的重要来源,获得有价值的知识是企业基业常青之本,而战略联盟的出现为企业提供了获得知识的有效途径。在回顾文献的基础上,分析战略联盟中知识转移的过程,阐述该过程的影响因素及其作用。 相似文献
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如何战略性地整合专业化知识是高技术创业企业在市场竞争中取胜的关键,尽管一些学者在研究中提到“战略知识整合”,然而对其具体模式及影响尚缺乏深入的探讨。本文以中国4家高技术创业企业为研究对象,采取探索性多案例研究的方法挖掘战略知识整合的模式类型及其与高技术创业企业竞争优势的关系。案例分析结果表明：战略知识整合模式包含计划式知识整合和应急式知识整合,上述两种战略知识整合模式及其交互作用对高技术创业企业竞争优势具有积极影响。本研究有助于从战略形成的视角打开“战略知识整合”的黑箱,丰富和拓展战略知识管理视角和知识基础理论。此外,本文为转型经济情境下高技术创业企业如何获取知识的战略价值以获取竞争优势提供理论指导。 相似文献
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本文依据知识基础观和组织学习理论,建立企业知识属性和企业间知识关系共同影响企业创新绩效的综合分析框架,研究合作伙伴知识多样性、合作伙伴与焦点企业间知识相关性对焦点企业创新绩效的影响,以及焦点企业内部知识复杂性的调节作用,并运用医药行业上市企业2007—2016年专利数据和负二项回归模型验证相关假设。研究发现：合作伙伴知识多样性对焦点企业创新绩效有正向影响,焦点企业知识复杂性对该关系有负向调节作用;合作伙伴与焦点企业间知识相关性对焦点企业创新绩效有倒U型影响,焦点企业知识复杂性对该关系有正向调节作用。 相似文献
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Strategic alliances are important channels for interfirm learning, especially for small firms that are resource constrained. Of the several alliance attributes, technological distance between partners (measured as the distance between partners’ innovative outcomes) is shown to have a significant influence on the learning benefits from strategic alliances. Drawing upon the theory of recombination, our study argues that the influence of technological distance on learning is best understood by not only measuring the distance between innovative outcomes, but by also taking into consideration the knowledge elements underlying the innovative outcomes. We develop a concept of knowledge base homogeneity that captures the extent to which the innovative outcomes of partnering firms draw upon similar sets of knowledge elements. Using patent and alliance data from 201 small biotechnology firms during the period 1996–2010, we confirm that the technological distance has an inverted u-shaped relationship on interfirm learning. We further demonstrate that this u-shaped relationship is moderated by the knowledge base homogeneity between partners, such that benefits of technological distance are enhanced and the costs of technological distance are mitigated when the knowledge base homogeneity between alliance partners is high. The results have important implications for interfirm learning, especially in the context of small firms that are limited in their knowledge stocks. 相似文献
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Although previous research indicates a variety of facilitators of knowledge transfer, many firms still suffer from knowledge transfer difficulties. This study explores the relational antecedents of knowledge transfer by integrating the motivation–opportunity–ability framework with a social network approach, which emphasizes the relations among people rather than their attributes. To rigorously validate causal relations among network variables, the social networks of employees in a research and development department were surveyed twice in 6 months. A regression analysis with 76 × 76 networks using a multiple regression quadratic assignment procedure showed that opportunity and motivation were the first- and second-most influential factors for knowledge transfer, respectively. There was a marginal, but statistically significant effect for ability. The creation of a working environment in which knowledge transfer can easily take place, and motivating competent employees to transfer their knowledge, are critical to successful knowledge transfer. 相似文献
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从企业能力的角度出发,分析了企业之间能力异质性导致的对进入模式决策的影响,以及内部化可能产生的超出成本节约的价值创造效应。在此基础上,进一步讨论了企业在海外市场有效转移隐性知识需要的基本条件,并从面向知识与能力获取的方案选择的视角,分析了能力因素对合作决策的影响问题。 相似文献
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技术型企业从两个途径获得技术创新知识,一是通过企业内部过程进行知识的积累和创造;二是通过企业外部过程,与市场进行知识交换、建立技术战略联盟分享和传递知识。技术战略联盟间在知识转移过程中获得经济收益,但同时联盟企业之间的独立性、知识的特殊性不得不让企业考虑知识产权的自我保护问题。本研究通过文献讨论、问卷开发与调查和统计建模过程,结果发现:技术战略联盟之间形成了一种特殊的"竞合"关系,无论企业与竞争对手还是与非营利性组织形成技术战略联盟,知识转移和交换均可以使企业提升创新绩效。并且,企业在与技术战略联盟进行合作过程中,可以采用技术成果的法律保护、竞争性保护措施以及在企业内进行知识产权管理实践,维护企业的核心能力,促进企业的创新效果。这种技术成果的保护过程在企业与竞争市场形成技术战略联盟的知识转移过程中更加有效。 相似文献
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尽管联盟伙伴选择在联盟管理中的重要作用得到了共识,但作为一种风险控制方式,在核心知识保护的作用方面却很少受到重视。本文研究了学习型资源和非学习型资源获取两种不同的联盟动机下,企业知识保护能力对联盟伙伴关系选择的影响,并提出了相关假设。研究结果表明:在学习型资源获取动机下,当企业知识保护能力较强时,会倾向于按"朋友熟人陌生人"的顺序选择联盟合作伙伴;当企业知识保护能力较弱时,会倾向于按"朋友陌生人熟人"的顺序选择联盟合作伙伴。在非学习型资源获取动机下,企业无论知识保护能力强弱,都倾向于按"朋友熟人陌生人"的顺序进行联盟合作伙伴的选择。 相似文献
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The increasing number of interactions between Taiwan and the Mainland may bring in both opportunities and competitions among the companies in the region. Companies are forced to continuously change and develop to advance and to sustain in the competitive environment. It also holds true for the companies in the even more competitive high-tech industries. It is therefore of a value to study what challenges the high-tech firms are facing, how these challenges impact on their performance and how these firms are dealing with issues. Among the multiple challenges, supply chain operation has been a critical issue concerning the high-tech manufacturers.The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationships between the various supply chain operation determinants (relationships with business partners, internal operation) and the impacts of relationships with supply chain partners on the internal operation and the collective efficacy relating to the scheduling issues in high-tech manufacturing firms in Taiwan. A research framework linking internal operation and relationships with supply chain partners (supplier and customer) and individuals (perceived collective efficacy) is applied. 相似文献