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Minerva - Given the importance of research communities and research mentoring activities in developing research skills, universities around the world have paid special attention to improving these... 相似文献
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Mario Coccia 《Minerva》2009,47(1):31-50
The purpose of this paper is to analyse the nature of bureaucratization within public research bodies and its relationship
to scientific performance, focusing on an Italian case-study. The main finding is that the bureaucratization of the research
sector has two dimensions: public research labs have academic bureaucratization since researchers spend an increasing part
of their time in administrative matters (i.e., preparing grant applications, managing grants/projects, and so on); whereas
universities mainly have administrative bureaucratization generated by the increase over time of administrative staff in comparison
with researchers and faculty. In addition, I show that research units with higher bureaucratization have lower scientific
performance.
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| Mario CocciaEmail: |
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The tension between equity and excellence is fundamental in science policy. This tension might appear to be resolved through
the use of merit-based evaluation as a criterion for research funding. This is not the case. Merit-based decision making alone
is insufficient because of inequality aversion, a fundamental tendency of people to avoid extremely unequal distributions.
The distribution of performance in science is extremely unequal, and no decision maker with the power to establish a distribution
of public money would dare to match the level of inequality in research performance. We argue that decision makers who increase
concentration of resources because they accept that research resources should be distributed according to merit probably implement
less inequality than would be justified by differences in research performance. Here we show that the consequences are likely
to be suppression of incentives for the very best scientists. The consequences for the performance of a national research
system may be substantial. Decision makers are unaware of the issue, as they operate with distributional assumptions of normality
that guide our everyday intuitions. 相似文献
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Roger PielkeJr. 《Minerva》2012,50(3):339-361
The use of the phrase “basic research” as a term used in science policy discussion dates only to about 1920. At the time the phrase referred to what we today commonly refer to as applied research in support of specific missions or goals, especially agriculture. Upon the publication of Vannevar Bush’s well-known report, Science – The Endless Frontier, the phrase “basic research” became a key political symbol, representing various identifications, expectations and demands related to science policy among scientists and politicians. This paper tracks and evaluates the evolution of “basic research” as a political symbol from early in the 20th century to the present. With considerable attention having been paid to the on-going evolution of post-Cold War science policy, much less attention has focused on the factors which have shaped the dominant narrative of contemporary science policies. 相似文献
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Funding agencies in Canada are attempting to break down the organizational boundaries between disciplines to promote interdisciplinary
research and foster the integration of the social sciences into the health research field. This paper explores the extent
to which biomedical and clinician scientists’ perceptions of social science research operate as a cultural boundary to the
inclusion of social scientists into this field. Results indicated that cultural boundaries may impede social scientists’ entry
into the health research field through three modalities: (1) biomedical and clinician scientists’ unfavourable and ambivalent
posture towards social science research; (2) their opposition to a resource increase for the social sciences; and (3) clinician
scientists procedural assessment criteria for social science. The paper also discusses the merits and limitations of Tom Gieryn’s
concept of boundary-work for studying social dynamics within the field of science.
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| Brian D. HodgesEmail: |
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Minerva - Notions of research quality are contextual in many respects: they vary between fields of research, between review contexts and between policy contexts. Yet, the role of these co-existing... 相似文献
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Marcin Krasnodębski 《Minerva》2018,56(3):333-355
The initiatives attempting to forge links between the academia and the industry flourished in France after World War I. The so-called “industrial institutes” shared a common goal: to reinvigorate the French economy through science. Because of their focus on applied research, they differed from traditional engineering schools that usually neglected laboratory work and innovation. However, while the industrial institutes were a distinct category that shows broader trends in science-industry relations, from a formal point of view they did not constitute a coherent category. The term “institute” was ambiguous and applied to various legal and administrative arrangements. While the French state attempted to unify terminology by introducing “faculty institutes” through the 1920 Decree on the constitution of universities, the measure was not sufficient to englobe all types of institutions. The diversity of organizational realities behind the industrial institutes is, however, useful for analyzing power structures and hierarchies in a given industrial sector. The legal form of an industrial institute was conditioned by the state and the robustness of the industry that funded it. As such, the history of the French industrial institutes may constitute a fertile ground for broader analyses on the impact of power relations on the legal reality behind the initiatives uniting science and industry. 相似文献
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本文通过《丧服》中女子出嫁前后服丧情况的对比 ,分析其出嫁不降的原因 ,探析其中蕴含的服丧原则 ,以及所反映的宗族观念。 相似文献
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《影响中国茶文化史的瀑布仙茗》一书,系余姚市茶文化促进会编撰,前不久由中国文史出版社正式出版。有识之士推荐它为好书,堪称一项茶文化工程。深究绿茶之源茶源于中国,兴于亚洲,传播于世界,茶的故乡在中国。而茶的原产地在哪里？中华大地上关于茶的原产地有多种说 相似文献
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20 0 1年下半年以来 ,中国的中外关系史研究格外活跃 ,出现了一派蓬勃发展的兴旺局面 ,以至于许多学者不约而同地称 2 0 0 1年为中国的“丝绸之路年”或“中外关系史年”。2 0 0 1年 7月— 2 0 0 2年 1月 ,中外关系史诸领域不同内容的学术讨论会一个接一个地召开 ,有关中外关系史的丛书一套接一套地推出 ,使人有些眼花缭乱 ,目不暇洽。现将本人参加过的有关中外关系史不同专业的几次学术讨论会略作回顾与评介 ,以效飨学术界同仁。一、中外关系史研究中的新秀———海外汉学2 0 0 1年 9月是北京外国语大学建校 6 0周年大庆。北京外国语大学海… 相似文献
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中国当代美学研究的出路 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
美学转型问题困扰着当代美学研究。我们从哲学文化视野中愈来愈凸显的整合趋向得到了启示 ,在方法论的关注中看到了希望。东西方平等的“对话”关系的确立是前提 ;比较研究是美学转型必经的炼狱 ;辨证思维在主体内在心灵上的运思是理论重构的必然。 相似文献