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1.
Life in the Hive: Supporting Inquiry into Complexity Within the Zone of Proximal Development 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Joshua A. Danish Kylie Peppler David Phelps DiAnna Washington 《Journal of Science Education and Technology》2011,20(5):454-467
Research into students’ understanding of complex systems typically ignores young children because of misinterpretations of
young children’s competencies. Furthermore, studies that do recognize young children’s competencies tend to focus on what
children can do in isolation. As an alternative, we propose an approach to designing for young children that is grounded in
the notion of the Zone of Proximal Development (Vygotsky 1978) and leverages Activity Theory to design learning environments. In order to highlight the benefits of this approach, we describe
our process for using Activity Theory to inform the design of new software and curricula in a way that is productive for young
children to learn concepts that we might have previously considered to be “developmentally inappropriate”. As an illuminative
example, we then present a discussion of the design of the BeeSign simulation software and accompanying curriculum which specifically
designed from an Activity Theory perspective to engage young children in learning about complex systems (Danish 2009a, b). Furthermore, to illustrate the benefits of this approach, we will present findings from a new study where 40 first- and
second-grade students participated in the BeeSign curriculum to learn about how honeybees collect nectar from a complex systems
perspective. We conclude with some practical suggestions for how such an approach to using Activity Theory for research and
design might be adopted by other science educators and designers. 相似文献
2.
This paper is methodologically based, addressing the study of mathematics teaching by linking micro- and macro-perspectives.
Considering teaching as activity, it uses Activity Theory and, in particular, the Expanded Mediational Triangle (EMT) to consider the role of the broader social frame in which classroom teaching is situated. Theoretical and methodological
approaches are illustrated through episodes from a study of the mathematics teaching and learning in a Year-10 class in a
UK secondary school where students were considered as “lower achievers” in their year group. We show how a number of questions
about mathematics teaching and learning emerging from microanalysis were investigated by the use of the EMT. This framework
provided a way to address complexity in the activity of teaching and its development based on recognition of central social
factors in mathematics teaching–learning. 相似文献
3.
Variation in Students’ Experiences of the ‘Oxford Tutorial’ 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
This paper examines Oxford University students’ conceptions of the role of the tutorial in their learning. An analysis of
interviews with 28 students constituted four qualitatively different conceptions of the ‘Oxford Tutorial’. These ranged from
the tutorial involving the tutor explaining to the student what the student did not know, to the tutorial involving the tutor
and the student in exchanging different points of view and both coming to a new understanding of the topic under discussion.
These different conceptions also appeared to be related to variations in students’ views of the role of the work done in preparation
for the tutorial, their view of the student’s and tutor’s roles in the tutorial, and the conception of knowledge that students
adopted in relation to the tutorial. The implications of this study are discussed in terms of the relations between students’
conceptions of tutorials and their anticipated learning outcomes and its implications for contexts outside of Oxford in terms
of students’ conceptions of academic tasks. 相似文献
4.
This paper presents a group of elements to improve teaching and learning in technological education. These elements are based
on some contributions issued from contemporary educational models, namely, the thematic approach, meaningful learning, concept maps, and the spiral curriculum. Based on a thematic approach, a new way is proposed to select the contents that will be explored in the educational process.
We emphasize the benefits of a thematic approach in students’ motivation. After contents are chosen, we propose the use of
the directives of meaningful learning and concept maps, as a method and as a tool, respectively, to organize knowledge hierarchically,
from general and inclusive concepts to specific ones. This may facilitate learning and understanding of the great bulk of
knowledge to be dealt with during technological courses. A proposal has been submitted for a teaching module in computer networks and also for a complete course plan. The spiral curriculum was applied during the development of learning
in the classroom, where some fundamental concepts were introduced many times over, adding more details gradually. A qualitative analysis of the application of these educational
proposals, including learning evaluation aspects, is also presented. 相似文献
5.
Made Yudhi Setiani 《Distance Education》2015,36(3):351-363
This study focused on the civic education course at Universitas Terbuka (UT). Its purpose was to design a new approach for the online tutorial for the course by analyzing the literature related to online and distance education and investigating participant feedback on the current offering of the course and tutorial, which is a compulsory course in all programs at UT. The study draws from the community of inquiry framework, which promotes a social constructivist approach as well as teaching about democracy by example. This model is intended to create meaningful learning experiences for students in a reformulated civic education course, in which they would learn to think critically through interacting with classmates, experiencing collaborative learning, and supporting fellow students in learning activities and processes. In this model, learning is seen as occurring within the community through the interaction of social presence, cognitive presence, and teaching presence where, students are able to develop civic competences, namely civic knowledge, civic skills, and civic dispositions, as well as experience a democratic interaction that forms the core of civic interactions in a democratic society. 相似文献
6.
从活动理论看以学生为中心的学习环境设计 总被引：14，自引：1，他引：14
兴起于20世纪20年代的活动理论是理解和建构情境中活动的理论框架之一,分析活动理论对设计以学生为中心的教学环境具有重要的指导意义。该文在对以学生为中心的环境设计理论和活动理论进行分析的基础上,提出在活动理论指导下,学习环境设计的特点和原则。 相似文献
7.
Many empirical studies show that teachers have difficulty designing technology-integrated lessons for student-centered learning. Supporting teachers to change their pedagogical practice is a challenge faced in teacher professional development for technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK). This study describes how teachers’ conceptions of pedagogical change can be supported through the use of different kinds of TPACK design scaffolds—a meaningful learning rubric, lesson design heuristics and TPACK Activity Types. The impact of these design scaffolds on the TPACK confidence and lesson design confidence of 47 teachers and instructors who were attending a graduate course in educational technology were assessed through pre and post course surveys. Expert ratings of technology-integrated lesson plans designed at the beginning and end of the course were also used to determine the extent of pedagogical change enacted. It was found that these design scaffolds had positive effects on teachers’ TPACK confidence and were useful for helping the teachers to articulate pedagogical change in their lesson designs. Participants’ feedback for improving the TPACK design scaffolds as well as guidelines for using these to support pedagogical change through TPACK professional development programmes are discussed.
相似文献8.
Richard Gluga Judy Kay Raymond Lister Simon Sabina Kleitman 《Computer Science Education》2013,23(1):24-57
To design an effective computer science curriculum, educators require a systematic method of classifying the difficulty level of learning activities and assessment tasks. This is important for curriculum design and implementation and for communication between educators. Different educators must be able to use the method consistently, so that classified activities and assessments are comparable across the subjects of a degree, and, ideally, comparable across institutions. One widespread approach to supporting this is to write learning objects in terms of Bloom’s Taxonomy. This, or other such classifications, is likely to be more effective if educators can use them consistently, in the way experts would use them. To this end, we present the design and evaluation of our online interactive web-based tutorial system, which can be configured and used to offer training in different classification schemes. We report on results from three evaluations. First, 17 computer science educators complete a tutorial on using Bloom’s Taxonomy to classify programming examination questions. Second, 20 computer science educators complete a Neo-Piagetian tutorial. Third evaluation was a comparison of inter-rater reliability scores of computer science educators classifying programming questions using Bloom’s Taxonomy, before and after taking our tutorial. Based on the results from these evaluations, we discuss the effectiveness of our tutorial system design for teaching computer science educators how to systematically and consistently classify programming examination questions. We also discuss the suitability of Bloom’s Taxonomy and Neo-Piagetian theory for achieving this goal. The Bloom’s and Neo-Piagetian tutorials are made available as a community resource. The contributions of this paper are the following: the tutorial system for learning classification schemes for the purpose of coding the difficulty of computing learning materials; its evaluation; new insights into the consistency that computing educators can achieve using Bloom; and first insights into the use of Neo-Piagetian theory by a group of classifiers. 相似文献
9.
10.
Paul Caldarella Lynnette Christensen Thomas J. Kramer Kalli Kronmiller 《Early Childhood Education Journal》2009,37(1):51-56
The promotion of social and emotional learning (SEL) in schools may help prevent emotional and behavioral problems of students.
This study evaluated the effects of a SEL curriculum, Strong Start, on the social-emotional competence of 26 second grade students, using a quasi-experimental, non-equivalent control group
design. Results revealed statistically significant and meaningful improvements in teacher ratings of students’ internalizing
and peer-related pro-social behaviors, particularly for students at greater risk. Conversely, control group students experienced
significant worsening of internalizing behaviors and decreased levels of peer-related pro-social behaviors. No changes were
reported in externalizing behaviors for either group. Treatment integrity and social validity ratings of Strong Start were high. Limitations and implications of this study are addressed.
The authors are listed alphabetically by last name and all shared equally in the preparation of this paper. 相似文献
11.
Action research and reflection on student approaches to learning in large first year university classes 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This paper presents an action research approach to exploring methods of improving the learning styles and outcomes of first
year university students within large class environments. The genesis of this project stemmed from an observation that entire
tutorial groups were often lethargic in their approach to learning. Following a survey of learning styles, students were exposed
to more student-centric teaching styles within tutorial groups, with a view to encouraging deeper student learning and self-regulated
learning behaviours. Although the project was successful in motivating students' participation in class activities, no noticeable
change to a sustained deeper learning style became evident. The findings suggest that simply motivating students to participate
in class does not necessarily alter overall learning styles, at least in the short term. This suggests that the process of
“unlearning” previous learning styles may pose a significant problem for instructors and it appears likely that the process
of changing from surface to deep learning may require more than a single course intervention. However, there is some evidence
that student-centred and self-regulated learning results in a more positive learning experience for both students and teachers.
The article concludes with a model of proposed relationships uncovered by the research which deserve further exploration in
the quest to provide greater levels of student satisfaction with their higher education experiences. 相似文献
12.
Hirumi,Atsusi ed (2013) Online and hybrid learning design fundamentals iste (Washington & Eurospan,London) isbn 978‐1‐56484‐335‐7 200 pp £31.50 http://www.iste.org/resources/product?id=2800 
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下载免费PDF全文 Giuliana Dettori 《British journal of educational technology : journal of the Council for Educational Technology》2015,46(4):E16-E17
13.
“Applying anatomy to something I care about”: Authentic inquiry learning and student experiences of an inquiry project 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Lauren M. Anstey 《Anatomical sciences education》2017,10(6):538-548
Despite advances to move anatomy education away from its didactic history, there is a continued need for students to contextualize their studies to make learning more meaningful. This article investigates authentic learning in the context of an inquiry‐based approach to learning human gross anatomy. Utilizing a case‐study design with three groups of students (n = 18) and their facilitators (n = 3), methods of classroom observations, interviews, and artifact collection were utilized to investigate students' experiences of learning through an inquiry project. Qualitative data analysis through open and selective coding produced common meaningful themes of group and student experiences. Overall results demonstrate how the project served as a unique learning experience where learners engaged in the opportunity to make sense of anatomy in context of their interests and wider interdisciplinary considerations through collaborative, group‐based investigation. Results were further considered in context of theoretical frameworks of inquiry‐based and authentic learning. Results from this study demonstrate how students can engage anatomical understandings to inquire and apply disciplinary considerations to their personal lives and the world around them. Anat Sci Educ 10: 538–548. © 2017 American Association of Anatomists. 相似文献
14.
Rachelle J. A. Kamp Diana H. J. M. Dolmans Henk J. M. van Berkel Henk G. Schmidt 《Higher Education》2012,64(3):385-397
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the contributions students make to the problem-based tutorial group process as observed by their peers, self-study time and achievement. To that end, the Maastricht Peer Activity Rating Scale was administered to students participating in Problem-Based Learning tutorial groups. With this rating scale students had to rate the constructive, collaborative and motivational activities of their peers within the tutorial group. In addition, time spent on self-study was measured with a self-estimation method and achievement was measured with a unit test and a group assignment. A causal model of these variables was developed, in which the three types of activities were assumed to affect time spent on self-study, which would in turn affect unit test scores and group assignment scores. A structural equation modeling analysis indicated acceptable model fit. Especially apparent was the evidence for the causal relations between a student’s constructive activities and his/her unit test score and between a student’s collaborative activities and the group assignment score. On the other hand, time spent on self-study was not affected by the students’ contributions, nor did it have an effect on the unit test score. These results suggest that there are indeed causal relations between a student’s contributions to the tutorial group process and achievement. 相似文献
15.
This article describes a group of Druze preschool and kindergarten teachers from Northern Israel who participated in an in-service
course in their community. The focus of the training experience was to improve the social climate of the classroom by implementing
a life-world approach. Analysis of their reports shows that the children’s meaningful learning, improved emotional coping
with ordinary hardships, and mutual social support are a product of intervention that involves multiple, interrelated activity
channels: staff collaboration, guided small group discussions, informal discussions, cooperation with parents and community
agents, and free play. Each activity channel is associated with a compatible, dominant, learning modality and a predominant
interpersonal process—free play, for example, is mainly associated with free inquiry and discourse among children, whereas
group activity is also likely to be associated with learning guided by educators. 相似文献
16.
Fostering synergies amongst learner, task, and technology to create innovative and immersive distance learning environments runs counter to the widespread practice of incorporating traditional classroom pedagogical strategies into Web‐based delivery of courses. The most widely accepted model of online higher education appears to be one of reductionism, whereby learning management systems facilitate the design of easily digested packets of information, usually assessed by discrete stand‐alone tests and academic assignments. This article describes a model for the development of authentic tasks that can assist in designing environments of increased, rather than reduced, complexity. It provides a robust framework for the design of online courses, based on the work of theorists and researchers in situated learning and authentic learning. It describes the characteristics of a task's design that facilitates the requirements of an entire course of study being readily satisfied by its completion, where the students make the important decisions about why, how, and in what order they investigate a problem. The article describes several learning environments that were investigated in depth in the study, and explores the synergies that exist between the learners, tasks, and technology engaged in authentic learning settings. The article leads readers to a conceptual understanding of the role of authentic tasks in supporting knowledge construction and meaningful learning, and illustrates the principles of authentic task design for online learning environments. 相似文献
17.
Professional Development of Physics Teachers in an Evidence-Based Blended Learning Program 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Hana Berger Bat-Sheva Eylon Esther Bagno 《Journal of Science Education and Technology》2008,17(4):399-409
The present study examined continuity of learning between face-to-face and online environments in a “blended” professional
development program designed for 16 physics teachers. The program had nine face-to-face meetings as well as continuous online
exchanges between them through a website. The program focused on “knowledge integration” (KI) innovative activities in physics
classes using an “evidence-based” approach: The teachers implemented the activities, collected and analyzed data about their
practice and their students’ learning, and reflected on the evidence with their peers. Five reflective tools were used to
promote continuity: Your Comments, Hot Polls, Smashing Sentences, Hot Reports, and Mini Research. Continuity was assessed with regard to the ideas discussed by the teachers and the reasoning patterns that they employed.
Analysis of the online exchanges in relation to teachers’ face-to-face discourse revealed that the teachers discussed the
same ideas (KI, evidence and learner-centered pedagogies), employed the same reasoning patterns (e.g., forming generalizations),
and extended ideas in re-visitation. The online and face-to-face environments played different and complementary roles in
the teachers’ learning. This study shows that appropriate use of an online environment in a blended program can lead to a
continuous course of learning and can transform a “9 once-a-month-meetings” workshop into a “9-month” workshop. 相似文献
18.
基于LAMS的移动学习可以作为开放教育面授辅导教学的补充,满足成人学生自主学习的需要。根据移动学习与LAMS的特点,基于LAMS的移动学习能够根据学习时间的长短,实现单一性学习活动和序列性学习活动,从而满足多样化的自主学习需求。随着各类移动设备对LAMS的支持日渐完善,基于LAMS的移动学习将在教学领域拥有更广泛的应用空间。 相似文献
19.
During their years of schooling, students develop perceptions about learning and teaching, including the ways in which teachers
impact on their learning experiences. This paper presents student perceptions of teacher pedagogy as interpreted from a study
focusing on students' experience of Year 7 science. A single science class of 11 to 12 year old students and their teacher
were monitored for the whole school year, employing participant observation, and interviews with focus groups of students,
their teacher and other key members of the school. Analysis focused on how students perceived the role of the teacher's pedagogy
in constructing a learning environment that they considered conducive to engagement with science learning. Two areas of the
teacher's pedagogy are explored from the student perspective of how these affect their learning: instructional pedagogy and
relational pedagogy. Instructional pedagogy captures the way the instructional dialogue developed by the teacher drew the students into the learning process and enabled
them to “understand” science. How the teacher developed a relationship with the students is captured as relational pedagogy, where students said that they learned better when teachers were passionate in their approach to teaching, provided a supportive
learning environment and made them feel comfortable. The ways in which the findings support the direction for the middle years
and science education are considered. 相似文献
20.
Heather Richelle Weltman Victoria Timchenko Haritos Emanuel Sofios Paul Ayres Nadine Marcus 《European Journal of Engineering Education》2019,44(5):787-804
ABSTRACTAdaptive tutorials enable engaged, personalised and interactive online learning that includes instant adaptive feedback. By integrating an adaptive tutorial into a large and diverse engineering mathematics course, we explored its potential to support and guide students’ learning from afar. The aim of this study was to assess whether students provided with an adaptive tutorial, could benefit from its use and whether they would engage in and take responsibility for their learning. Comparisons were made between students who did and did not use the tutorial. Quantitative and qualitative data analyses determined the impact of including an adaptive tutorial in a blended learning environment, where 58% of students engaged with the tutorial and 74% of them completed it. Improved confidence and understanding was reported by 98% of the participants. A comparison of examination results indicated that median scores for students who utilised the tutorial were significantly higher than those who did not. 相似文献