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1.
Students at a Pakistani medical college were surveyed using instruments taken from Western research. The students who rated their courses positively tended to adopt an organised approach in their learning and studying. The students who perceived that their assessment and workload were inappropriate preferred a transmissive approach to teaching and adopted a surface approach in their learning and studying. The students who preferred a student-centred approach to teaching tended to adopt a deep approach in their learning and studying. This confirms the idea, well established in Western research, that there exists a strong relationship between students’ perceptions of their courses and the approaches that they adopt on those courses. However, the incorporation of problem-based learning in the medical curriculum had not led to any enhancement of their perceptions and preferences, nor had it led to an unambiguous improvement in their approaches to studying. This is attributed to the hybrid nature of their programmes, in which problem-based activities were combined with more conventional forms of teaching and assessment, and to the anxiety and stress which seem to be common among students at medical schools in Pakistan. 相似文献
2.
Linda Price Bernadette Robinson Xia Ding Xiaoling Sun Cuiling Han 《Asia Pacific Journal of Education》2011,31(2):159-175
It has been claimed that students from “Confucian-heritage” cultures approach studying in higher education differently from Western students. This study investigated the experiences and the approaches to studying of students at a university in China. A total of 356 students completed both the Course Experience Questionnaire (CEQ) and the Revised Approaches to Studying Inventory (RASI). Their responses to the CEQ yielded two factors concerned with student support and course demands. Their responses to the RASI yielded two factors: a deep/strategic approach and a surface approach. Students who rated their courses positively in terms of student support were more likely to adopt a deep/strategic approach. Students who rated their courses positively in terms of course demands were less likely to adopt a surface approach. In broad terms, the students' perceptions and approaches to studying were similar to those of Western students, though with some specific differences. The findings add to the literature on Chinese students' approaches to learning and also have practical implications for teachers seeking to promote more desirable forms of studying in their students. 相似文献
3.
Constructivist learning environments and the (im)possibility to change students’ perceptions of assessment demands and approaches to learning 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Recent research shows that, as students interpret the demands of the assessment tasks, they vary their approaches to learning in order to cope with the assessment tasks. Three research questions are central in the present paper: (1) Do students who participate in a constructivist learning environment change their perception of assessment demands towards more deep level demands? (2) Do students in a constructivist learning environment change their approaches to learning towards a more deep approach to learning? (3) Is there a relation between change in approaches to learning and change in the perceptions of the assessment demands? Students following the course ‘Education and psychology’ of the teacher training program at the University of Antwerp completed questionnaires during the first, the second and the final lesson of the course. One questionnaire measured their approaches to learning and the other their general perceptions of the assessment demands. The course ‘Education and psychology’ can be labelled as a ‘constructivist learning environment’ with congruent assessment methods. Results of the paired sampled t-tests indicated that students indeed do change their perceptions of assessment demands towards more deep level demands. However, the results also indicated that students did not change their approach to learning towards a more deep approach. On the contrary, students seem to develop more surface approaches to learning during the course. Correlation analyses indicated that only changes of perceptions of assessment demands towards less surface levels are significantly related to changes in approaches to learning, towards a more surface approach. Results of the stepwise multiple regression analyses indicated that students’ approach to learning at the beginning of the course seems to have a higher impact on the extent to which they change their approach to learning than how students perceive the demands of the assessment within the course. These results point us to the complexity of the relationship between the learning environment, the students’ perceptions of assessment demands, and students’ approaches to learning. 相似文献
4.
The quality of undergraduate teaching is an issue under heated dispute in China. This study examined Chinese undergraduate students’ perceptions of teaching quality and the effects on their approaches to studying and course satisfaction. A sample of 2,043 students from two full-time universities in mainland China responded to a questionnaire comprising three scales adopted from widely used instruments. The results showed that the Course Experience Questionnaire is a valid instrument for assessing the teaching quality in Chinese universities. The study also revealed the desirable effects of clear goals and standards, an emphasis on independence, generic skills, and an appropriate workload on students’ approaches to studying (measured by the Study Process Questionnaire) and course satisfaction (measured by the Overall Satisfaction Scale). However, good teaching and appropriate assessment were found to have an unexpected effect. Specifically, good teaching was found to only have a positive impact on surface motive, while appropriate assessment was found to negatively influence students’ deep as well as surface approaches. These findings highlighted the need to re-examine the role of teacher-centered pedagogy and the nature of student assessment in university teaching. The results’ implications for improving undergraduate teaching in China are suggested. 相似文献
5.
In Western countries, university students adopt various approaches to studying depending on how they perceive their learning environment. Their perceptions and approaches are related to demographic and contextual factors such as age, subject of study, gender, and year of study. This study looked for similar relationships in Pakistani students. A survey, administered to 494 male and 418 female undergraduates in four subject areas across four years of study at two universities in Pakistan, addressed their perceptions of the learning environment, learning preferences, motivation, and approaches to studying. Consistent with Western research, students in the arts and social sciences perceived their programmes more positively and were more likely to adopt a deep approach to studying, compared to students in science and technology or business and management. Contrary to Western research, students’ perceptions of their learning environment varied with age and year of study, but their approaches to studying did not. Gender differences were found in their perceptions and motivation. These variations appear to be specific to the context of Pakistan. 相似文献
6.
Elizabeth Hazel Michael Prosser Keith Trigwell 《International Journal of Science Education》2013,35(7):737-751
The manner in which students manage their learning activities in response to perceived task or course demands describes their 'learning orchestration'. This paper addresses relations between a student's learning orchestration and their learning outcome as a function of prior understanding in first year university biology courses. A cluster analysis of 272 Australian students revealed three different forms of learning orchestration - understanding, reproducing and disintegrated. In one cluster, students felt their environment was more supportive of deep approaches to learning and they adopted deeper approaches. They were the students who had the better prior understanding and they did best on measures of meaningful learning. However, less than one third of the students showed this coherent (and desirable) learning pattern. A second cluster of students showed a coherent but less desirable learning orchestration focused on more surface perceptions and approaches and they had significantly worse learning gains and achievement scores. The third cluster of students saw the learning environment as being more supportive of deep approaches, but, unlike the other groups, they did not adopt an approach consistent with their perception. We describe these students as having a disintegrated learning orchestration. A key finding is that the students with this orchestration also have very poor levels of prior knowledge and also have very poor achievement outcomes. 相似文献
7.
Wendy Green 《高等教育研究与发展》2007,26(3):329-344
This paper investigates the approaches taken to essay writing by five Asian international students at an Australian university. Analysis of their in‐depth interviews reveals links between their perceptions of learning, their perceptions of essay writing, their motivation for completing the task, and their awareness of the structural conventions of the essay as a genre. These links are apparent, irrespective of whether the students were taking a deep or a surface approach to the task. In addition, analysis of the interviews shows that the students who were taking a deep approach to writing had developed high levels of cross‐cultural awareness, specifically in relation to the learning cultures, and the discursive structures of academic writing in Australia and their home country. Implications for the practice of teaching academic writing within the context of increasing cultural diversity in higher education are discussed. 相似文献
8.
David Watkins 《高等教育研究与发展》1986,5(2):185-190
The learning processes of Australian tertiary students were examined in a longitudinal study which replicated that of Watkins and Hattie (1985). In accord with the earlier study, older students and Arts students were more likely to adopt deeper level approaches to learning. In addition it was once again those who most utilised surface level strategies, who disliked their learning environment and/or who had “pathological” learning problems who tended to perform least favourably in their first year courses. However, unlike the earlier study, it appeared that students who remained at ANU to complete their course did tend to change to less superficial learning strategies. 相似文献
9.
《Open Learning》2013,28(2):107-121
The orientation of learners, which takes into account their environment and how they take control over their studies, is an important factor in deciding which methods the student will adopt in their learning. To determine the factors which influence the orientations of students studying at a distance, three groups of chemistry students at two Australian universities were studied using a qualitative grounded theory method methodology. It was found that the major influences could be divided into two main categories: independence and study environment. Isolation from the university due to geographical distance and issues of time had made these students independent learners who did not require interaction with other students, or with their lecturers, except when initiated by them. To maintain their interest they had to be highly motivated and this motivation was found to be mainly intrinsic. The students chose to study by distance education, accepted isolation as a part of this choice, and had devised strategies to overcome this. Several different study environments were identified. The major constraints to study were space limitations, work commitments, and family commitments, with the latter being of most concern. In general the students had adopted different strategies to work around these restrictions. Overall, although the students were predisposed to adopt a deep learning approach, they were particularly concerned with their efficiency of learning, which led them to adopt a strategic approach, using both deep and surface approaches depending on their circumstances at the time. 相似文献
10.
高校“三生教育”成为高校素质教育的重要内容,是实施素质教育的突破口及提高大学生综合素质的有效途径。高校“三生教育”应采用主题式教学法、渗透式教学法、活动式教学法,合理开发“三生教育”课程体系,并将“三生教育”有机渗透于专业课程教学、校园文化活动中,充分发挥其功能。积极推行学分制,采用课程理论考试、平时成绩考核、档案袋评价等方法建立“三生教育”多元化的成绩考核评价体系。 相似文献
11.
在高等教育产业化形势下,由于近几年来不断地扩大招生规模,高师音乐专业演唱、演奏技能类课程教学有所变化。应正确认识高师音乐教育的培养目标,以对学生负责、对音乐教育负责的态度,根据目前的实际情况,灵活运用多种教学形式与现代化教学手段,促进教学质量的提高。此外,高师音乐系不能无限制地扩招。 相似文献
12.
This study examined the relationship between students’ perceptions of the learning environment, high school performance, approaches to learning, and learning outcomes (generic skills development and course satisfaction). A sample of 74,687 undergraduates from 39 full-time regular universities in China responded to a questionnaire comprising four self-constructed scales. The results supported the reliability and validity of the instruments. A structural equation model showed that approaches to learning mediated the relationship between perceptions of the learning environment and learning outcomes. Specifically, deep approach was found to positively predict learning outcomes. Good teaching positively predicted deep and surface approaches, as well as learning outcomes. Student-faculty and peer interactions were strong predictors of learning approaches and learning outcomes. High school performance had weak effects on learning approaches and learning outcomes. These findings highlight the need of developing new instruments for assessing Chinese undergraduate students’ learning and have implications for improving undergraduate teaching in China. 相似文献
13.
Rebecca Walker Rachel Spronken-Smith Carol Bond Fiona McDonald John Reynolds Anna McMartin 《Instructional Science》2010,38(6):707-722
This study aimed to use a learning inventory (the Approaches and Study Skills Inventory for Students, ASSIST) to measure the
impact of a curriculum change on students’ approaches to learning in two large courses in a health sciences first year programme.
The two new Human Body Systems (HUBS) courses were designed to encourage students to take a deep approach to learning. ASSIST
was completed by 599 students enrolled in a biology class in 2006 that was part of the old curriculum, and by 705 students
at the beginning and end of the new HUBS courses in 2007. Changes in students’ approaches to learning over time were examined.
The ASSIST scores for both HUBS courses reflected the dominance of a surface approach, followed by a strategic and then a
deep approach. However, by the end of the year, students were taking a deep and strategic approach to their studies to a greater
extent, and a surface approach to a lesser extent. Moreover, students enrolled in the new course adopted a deep approach to
their studies to a significantly greater degree than those studying the old curriculum. Despite the predominance of a surface
approach, the results suggest that it is possible to bring about small but significant positive changes in students’ learning
behaviour in a very large class through curriculum change. The proportion of students preferring a surface approach, and results
showing that high performance on the final exam was significantly correlated with a surface approach, probably reflected contextual
factors, including assessment, and is the focus of ongoing curriculum development. 相似文献
14.
Melissa J. Stacer Ryan C. Eagleson Monica Solinas-Saunders 《Journal of Criminal Justice Education》2017,28(4):492-513
Students’ negative perceptions of inmates are a challenging aspect of teaching criminal justice. Scholars suggest exposing students to the criminal justice system may provide a realistic approach to understanding offenders. Prison tours have become a viable solution for instructors who want to create such exposure, but contrasting perspectives on the impact of prison tours on students’ learning are present in research. Drawing upon theories of experiential learning, we designed a pre-/post-survey to address the following exploratory questions: (1) What perceptions do criminal justice students hold regarding corrections, inmates, and correctional officers? (2) Do these perceptions change after going on a tour of a correctional facility? Data were collected from a convenience sample of 123 students attending courses at two Midwestern universities. Findings add to the body of literature on prison tours as a component of criminal justice education and further our understanding of the complexity of student learning. 相似文献
15.
Gbolahan Gbadamosi Carl Evans Katherine Jones Mitchell Hickman Hannah Rudley 《Journal of Education & Work》2019,32(2):196-214
This paper explores the perceptions of degree students at two UK universities regarding their work placement and part-time working activities, to assess if the two activities converge. The research comprises three stages: interviews for preliminary exploration of students’ perceptions towards work placement and part-time work; interviews to examine how placement opportunities link with career aspirations; a survey of students who had completed a placement, and those currently on placement. Students acknowledged part-time working helped their placement activity, providing transferable skills beneficial to both study and career aspirations. A significant finding was with respect to time: the closer to the placement activity the data was collected, the stronger the impact of appreciating the value of placement. The paper therefore highlights the value of timing in the assessment of work placement. It also offers value for universities’ by providing insight into students’ perceptions regarding embedded external work activities that can enhance graduate employability and career prospects. 相似文献
16.
Pei-Shan Tsai Ching Sing Chai Huang-Yao Hong Joyce Hwee Ling Koh 《Interactive Learning Environments》2017,25(6):749-761
The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationships among students’ conceptions of knowledge building, approaches to knowledge building, knowledge-building behaviors and learning outcomes. A total of 48 primary school students (from grades 3 and 4) who had experienced knowledge-building activities participated in the present study. After analyzing the students’ interview responses using the phenomenographic method, qualitatively different and hierarchically related conceptions and approaches were revealed. The results indicated that the students with fragmented conceptions tended to use surface approaches to knowledge building while those with cohesive conceptions tended to adopt deep approaches. The findings also indicate that the students with cohesive conceptions or deep approaches were more likely to have better learning outcomes than those with fragmented conceptions or surface approaches. 相似文献
17.
Student and faculty perceptions of teaching effectiveness 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
Omnibus measures of teaching effectiveness can be viewed as weighted combinations of more narrowly defined traits describing the teaching process. Our study was designed to determine whether students and faculty weight such traits differently in forming their respective perceptions of effective teaching.Students and faculty within the School of Business and Economics at CSUN were surveyed regarding their assessment of ideal teaching effectiveness in courses where the predominant mode of presentation is lecture. Ten traits depicting various aspects of teaching were selected and each respondent was asked to distribute 100 points across the 10 according to their view of each trait's relative importance in determining effectiveness. The results indicate that there are, indeed, significant differences in student and faculty assessments.Regression analysis of individual trait weighting on demographic variables such as age, sex, field of specialization, etc., produced generally low, insignificant coefficients of determination for both students and faculty. This observed invariance of the respective perceptions of each group across differing combinations of demographic characteristics provides evidence that students and faculty adopt fundamentally different criteria in evaluating teaching effectiveness. 相似文献
18.
Carol Evans 《教育心理学》2004,24(4):509-530
To a great extent the nature of the relationship between the cognitive style of a student teacher and their predominant teaching style in the classroom has been ignored by educational research. This study used an opportunist sample of 84 trainee teachers studying for one year full time for a Post Graduate Certificate in Education, in a range of subject specialist areas, based at a single English university. Students' cognitive styles were assessed, and those with more extreme cognitive style scores were selected to participate in semi‐structured interviews. A subject specialist mentor had been assigned to each student; 77% (n=59) completed a questionnaire on their perceptions of the teaching style of their PGCE student. Statistically significant differences in approaches to learning and teaching were identified between the four cognitive styles. Gender differences were also noted with analytic‐verbaliser females adopting the most analytical style in the classroom and wholist‐imager males the most wholist style. Qualitative analysis identified differences in approach to teaching between the students with more extreme cognitive styles. Wholists were more sensitive than analytic students to situational factors such as the culture of the school, support from the mentor, and in their ability to accept criticism. Further research is recommended to verify such findings. In this respect, a longitudinal study focusing on changes in cognitive style and approach in the classroom could be fruitful. Consequently, universities need to adopt varied teaching and assessment tools varied in order to accommodate the continuum of cognitive styles. 相似文献
19.
Penelope Dineen 《高等教育研究与发展》1996,15(1):129-132
This article describes how a lecturer, interested in getting his students to adopt a deep approach to his subject, stumbled upon student journals as effective learning and assessment tools. The modest literature on the topic is reviewed and eight parameters of the journal method are identified and discussed as a possible framework for others who might want to use journals in their teaching. A conclusion is drawn that the relative unpopularity of the journal method with lecturers results from a general misconception of the nature of higher education. 相似文献
20.
Peter November 《高等教育研究与发展》1996,15(1):115-127
This article describes how a lecturer, interested in getting his students to adopt a deep approach to his subject, stumbled upon student journals as effective learning and assessment tools. The modest literature on the topic is reviewed and eight parameters of the journal method are identified and discussed as a possible framework for others who might want to use journals in their teaching. A conclusion is drawn that the relative unpopularity of the journal method with lecturers results from a general misconception of the nature of higher education. 相似文献