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1.
Hanor A. Webb 《Peabody Journal of Education》2013,88(2):85-119
Student behavioral and emotional difficulties, often comorbid with each other and with learning difficulties and academic underachievement, have become an increasing concern to educational settings. This article first provides a conceptual framework for child assessment and highlights the role of behavior rating scales and personality inventories. This article reviews the role of behavior rating scales and personality inventories as a tool for screening students whose behavioral and emotional difficulties may affect their learning, their interpersonal relationships at school, and students who may pose significant management problems for teachers. The utility of specific uni- and multidimensional scales is reviewed relative to major behavioral and emotional difficulties shown by school students. Issues with using these tools are discussed. The Student Behavior Survey (SBS), a teacher-report scale, is described to illustrate the relative contributions of these scales. 相似文献
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In recent years, readability formulas have gained new prominence as a basis for selecting texts for learning and assessment. Variables that quantitative tools count (e.g., word frequency, sentence length) provide valid measures of text complexity insofar as they accurately predict representative and high-quality criteria. The longstanding consensus of text researchers has been that such criteria will measure readers’ comprehension of sample texts. This study used Bormuth’s (1969) rigorously developed criterion measure to investigate two of today’s most widely used quantitative text tools—the Lexile Framework and the Flesch–Kincaid Grade-Level formula. Correlations between the two tools’ complexity scores and Bormuth’s measured difficulties of criterion passages were only moderately high in light of the literature and new high stakes uses for such tools. These correlations declined a small amount when passages from the University grade band of use were removed. The ability of these tools to predict measured text difficulties within any single grade band below University was low. Analyses showed that word complexity made a larger contribution relative to sentence complexity when each tool’s predictors were regressed on the Bormuth criterion rather than their original criteria. When the criterion was texts’ grade band of use instead of mean cloze scores, neither tool classified texts well and errors disproportionally placed texts from higher grade bands into lower ones. Results suggest these two text tools may lack adequate validity for their current uses in educational settings. 相似文献
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Previous research and development with cognitive tools has been limited by an inadequate conceptualization of the complexity
underlying their nature and affordances for supporting learning and performance. This paper provides a new perspective on
cognitive tools through the lens of the theories of distributed cognition and expertise. The learner, tool, and activity form
a joint learning system, and the expertise in the world should be reflected not only in the tool but also in the learning
activity within which learners make use of the tool. This enhanced perspective is used to clarify the nature of cognitive
tools and distinguish them from other types of computer tools used in learning contexts. We have classified cognitive tools
considering how expertise is classified: domain-independent (general) cognitive tools, domain-generic cognitive tools, and
domain-specific cognitive tools. The implications are presented in reference to research, development, and practice of cognitive
tools. The capabilities of cognitive tools should be differentiated from those of the human, but regarded as part of the system
of expertise. Cognitive tools should be accompanied by appropriate learning activities, and relevant learner performance should
then be assessed in the context of tool use. 相似文献
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The purpose of this study was to develop a valid and reliable tool for measuring the quality of the language and literacy environment in home-based settings. Based on a convergence of research on the ecological and psychological factors associated with early literacy development, the Child/Home Environmental Language and Literacy Observation (CHELLO) was developed to gauge the quality of current practices associated with positive early childhood literacy outcomes. Following the structure of the Early Language and Literacy Classroom Observation Scale (ELLCO) [Smith, M., & Dickinson, D. (2002). Early language & literacy classroom observation. Baltimore, MD: Brookes], we developed two interdependent tools: The Literacy Environment Checklist and the Group/Family Observation and Provider Interview. Inter-rater reliability using weighted kappas indicated acceptable reliability. Following this analysis, the CHELLO was administered in 128 home-based settings in four low-income urban areas. Initial evidence of its psychometric properties provided support for internal consistency. Although more research is needed, the CHELLO has the potential to serve as a useful tool for examining the language and literacy environment in home-based settings. 相似文献
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伴随着和熙的春风，由中国机床工具工业协会主办的第七届中国国际机床展览会于２００１年４月１９日－２５日在北京市中国国际展览中心隆重举行。 这次展览会是在人类刚刚步入２１世纪，是在我国作出西部大开发的战略决策，是在中国即将加入ＷＴＯ的时代背景下举行的，因而倍受党中央，国家经贸委并引起世界各国的瞩目。 这次展览会共设展馆九个，中外参展厂商达１０００多家，其中国内展商６００多家，国外展商４００多家，其参展商家之多，展品之丰富，为历届展览会之最。中国的北京第一机床厂，北京机床研究所，济南第一机床厂，沈阳第一… 相似文献
6.
全面预算管理体系作为企业管理制度的一个重要组成部分,不仅是企业自我监督、自我约束的重要手段,而且已经成为新的竞争环境下企业实施战略管理的新工具。全文阐述了基于企业战略的全面预算管理的重要意义;解析了战略的本质,明确了基于企业战略的全面预算管理的概念及其基本特征。引入平衡计分卡和作业成本法的战略管理工具,把战略管理的贯彻、战略规划程序和预算程序组成一个整体,从而有助于确保预算对战略的支持,实现战略与预算的有效对接。 相似文献
7.
Helen Harper 《The Australian Educational Researcher》2012,39(4):447-461
This paper explores the role of teachers?? emotions in adopting new pedagogical tools in urban and remote schools in the Northern Territory. The discussion is illustrated through case study material of Northern Territory teachers who had taken up using a web-based early childhood literacy resource called ABRACADABRA. A sociocultural perspective is used to examine the relationships among the teachers, the new resource, and teachers?? emotional responses to using the resource. The ABRACADABRA case study material suggests that the teachers did not embrace using the new tool purely on the basis of their ability and willingness to use it. Rather, the whole school context played an important role in both technical and emotional support for teachers. Teachers?? negative feelings of frustration and reluctance to use the new tool, as well as their positive feelings of confidence and fun, were triggered in part by their own interaction with the tool, but also by other factors within the school environment, such as collegial support. Hence, the emotional filters through which teachers thought about ABRACADABRA themselves became a mediating factor in their use of the tool. This study has implications for how we conceptualise teachers?? adoption of new resources in challenging settings such as Indigenous education, and highlights the relationship between teacher effectiveness and their feelings about their work. 相似文献
8.
Manuel Palomo-Duarte Juan Manuel Dodero Inmaculada Medina-Bulo Emilio J. Rodríguez-Posada Iván Ruiz-Rube 《Interactive Learning Environments》2013,21(4):444-466
The widespread adoption of computers and Internet in our life has reached the classrooms, where computer-supported collaborative learning (CSCL) based on wikis offers new ways of collaboration and encourages student participation. When the number of contributions from students increases, traditional assessment procedures of e-learning settings suffer from scalability problems. In a wiki-based learning experience, automatic tools are required to support the assessment of such huge amounts of data. In this work, we present StatMediaWiki, a tool that collects and aggregates information that helps to analyze a MediaWiki installation. It generates charts, tables and different statistics enabling easy analysis of wiki evolution. We have used StatMediaWiki in a Higher Education course and present the results obtained in this case study. 相似文献
9.
《学习科学杂志》2013,22(3):301-329
If design research involving technology-based tools is going to impact educational settings, the design process must be extended beyond the tool itself to encompass a broader range of factors such as the classroom social structures (e.g., beliefs about learning and knowledge, learning activities and participant structures, configurations of both physical space and cyberspace). Although prior research has underscored the importance of classroom social structures in technology integration, it has failed to specify the critical design variables that must be taken into account. Only by understanding the critical variables involved is it possible to develop a deep understanding of how and why things work. The Social Infrastructure Framework systematically frames the critical design elements in terms of 4 dimensions: (a) cultural beliefs, (b) practices, (c) socio-techno-spatial relations, and (d) interaction with the "outside world." This article details the design issues associated with each dimension based on examples drawn from a range of educational technologies. This article also describes how the framework can serve to advance the methodology of design research by serving as a tool for both design and analysis. 相似文献
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温丽 《四川职业技术学院学报》2007,17(4):118-119
数控机库是现代制造的重要工具.本文从人机工程学角度出发,分别从数控机床整体界面设计和控制面板设计两方面对数控机床的人机界面设计进行探讨. 相似文献
13.
Griet Lust Mieke Vandewaetere Jan Elen Geraldine Clarebout 《Learning Environments Research》2014,17(3):319-337
Given the rising popularity of content management systems (CMSs) in higher education, we investigated how students use the available CMS tools, as well as whether the moment of using a CMS tool affects students’ learning. This temporal dimension has been neglected in current research on CMS use. More insight into students’ tool-use is particularly important from an instructional design perspective because research has repeatedly revealed that a learning environments’ effectiveness depends heavily on students’ adaptive tool-use. Data were collected by logging the frequency and the time students (158) use the available tools within a CMS. Repeated-measures analyses revealed that students’ tool-use changed throughout the course, a dynamism that was different for each tool and was related to course-specific deadlines. Significant temporal student differences were found for some types of tools. Furthermore, students’ course performance was significantly impacted by the moment students used the course material outlines and the discussion board. In line with expectations, effects were different dependent on the tool. Hence, by examining students’ tool-use from a temporal perspective, this study highlighted that the timing of use matters. Furthermore, this timing depends on tool functionality. Consequently, the results have interesting implications for designing CMSs and they suggest implications for releasing some type of CMS tools at specific moments in the learning process. 相似文献
14.
Addison Y. S. Su Stephen J. H. Yang Wu‐Yuin Hwang Chester S. J. Huang Ming‐Yu Tern 《British journal of educational technology : journal of the Council for Educational Technology》2014,45(4):647-665
For more than 2 years, Scratch programming has been taught in Taiwanese elementary schools. However, past studies have shown that it is difficult to find appropriate learning methods or tools to boost students’ Scratch programming performance. This inability to readily identify tutoring tools has become one of the primary challenges addressed in Scratch programming studies. To cope with this problem, we propose an innovative approach, which combines an Annotation‐based Scratch Programming (ASP) tool with the problem‐solving‐based teaching approach in Scratch programming pedagogy. The ASP tool was developed to enable students to create, review and share Scratch programming and homework annotations. In a quasi‐experimental study, we have evaluated Scratch programming pedagogy at a North Taiwanese elementary school to investigate the effects of instructional‐tools‐supported programming instructional modes on Scratch programming performance. The experimental results show that students who received ASP tool support in conjunction with a problem‐solving‐based teaching approach performed significantly better than the other groups. Based on our findings, the innovative approach was believed to play an important role in improving the learning patterns of younger pupils. Therefore, we suggest that teachers consider incorporating the innovative method into their teaching environments in order to boost students’ learning achievements in the area of Scratch programming and the subsequent learning process. 相似文献
15.
Professional school counselors, school psychologists, and other professionals working in K‐12 settings have a complex job of meeting the needs of all students. Often, referral to outside counseling is necessary; however, an effective and comprehensive counseling model advocates for school mental health professionals to employ a wide variety of techniques to ensure equitable distribution of services to all students and their families. This article explores using family assessment tools to support both students' academic achievement and their families within a school context. A case study illustrates how a professional school counselor could employ and collaborate with family assessment tools to support the student, family, and school systems. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
16.
Rebecca K. Boone Vicki E. Bowman 《International journal for the advancement of counseling》1996,19(3):313-327
Counsellors, in a variety of settings, use counselling tools to assist clients in the conceptualization of issues and in developing coping and problem solving strategies. Counsellors are limited only by their creative abilities in selecting and developing tools and methods that will effect client change. This article explores the use of metaphor as a versatile and viable tool to facilitate client growth and transformation. After a brief review of definitions and historical perspectives, this paper outlines skills and considerations for using, creating, and delivering effective metaphors within a variety of theoretical approaches. 相似文献
17.
Kay J. Wijekumar Bonnie J.F. Meyer Diane Wagoner Lon Ferguson 《British journal of educational technology : journal of the Council for Educational Technology》2006,37(2):191-209
Computer technologies for learning environments have been introduced with great expectations for improved learning outcomes. However, the great improvements have not materialised; some of these extant studies are examined. Of all the explanations for these disappointing results, the least examined are the affordances of the computer tools. This paper provides a rationale for studying affordances and presents two studies in K‐12 and undergraduate settings showing how powerful affordances are in affecting outcomes. Finally, the paper presents guidelines on how to gradually move students from a game affordance of a computer to a learning mode. 相似文献
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秦建文 《云南师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2011,43(2):112-116
两爨碑是研究爨文化的重要依据,但两碑文字异体繁杂,别体难辨,专家学者的考释多有出入。对这些出入的文字进行考证,可以使释文更接近于原作者所要表达的意思,也能更真实地再现爨氏统治南中时代的历史,这对今天研究爨文化无疑是一种推动的工作。 相似文献
20.
可视化工具VisualEyes及其在教学中的应用初探 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
随着可视化技术的发展,它的作用已渗透到人们生活的方方面面。在当今的教育领域中,教学方法不断变革,可视化工具已被广大教育专家认可。VisualEyes是美国开发的一个特性优良的网络可视化工具,文章旨在探究其性能及将其应用到中国的教学之中的价值所在。 相似文献