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1.
Cheng GY 《Health information and libraries journal》2003,20(Z1):22-33
A double-blind randomised controlled trial was conducted on a group of Hong Kong hospital clinicians. The objective was to test if a three-hour educational workshop (with supervised hands-on practice) is more effective (than no training) to improve clinical question formulation, information-seeking skills, knowledge, attitudes, and search outcomes. The design was a post-test-only control group; recruitment by stratified randomization (by profession), blocked at 800. End-user training was more effective than no training in improving clinical question formulation, in raising awareness, knowledge, confidence and use of databases, but had made no impact on preference for secondary databases. It changed the attitude of clinicians to become more positive towards the use of electronic information services (EIS). Participants had higher search performance and outcomes (satisfaction with information obtained (NNT = 3), EIS satisfaction (NNT = 3) and success in problem solving (NNT = 4)). The workshop improved knowledge and skills in evidence-based searching, but this effect gradually eroded with time. Search logs confirmed that follow-up is required if effects are to be sustained. Longer effects on search behaviours appear to be positive. A randomised controlled trial is valuable in identifying cause-and-effect relations and to quantify the magnitude of the effects for management decision-making. 相似文献
2.
Saimbert MK 《Medical reference services quarterly》2005,24(2):41-58
Both nursing and library science literature discuss the information needs and information-seeking behavior of nurses. Some research has focused on information needs of nursing students, but little research is available regarding information-seeking behavior of nursing students, specifically baccalaureate nursing students. Only a few key references were identified addressing nursing students' information seeking with regard to nurse care planning. At the University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, George F. Smith Library, a wide range of nursing students from those in traditional BSN programs, to students in accelerated BSN programs, to masters' nursing students of all types visit the reference desk asking direct and indirect questions involving the nursing care plan. This article highlights repeated categories of information sought by nursing students at the University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, George F. Smith Library via both formal and informal reference interviews. Information sought most frequently was categorized and formed the basis for a new library workshop entitled "Information Resources for the Nursing Care Plan." 相似文献
3.
Jane Sweetland 《Health information and libraries journal》2000,17(2):77-82
This paper describes the impact of providing six users of the Health Facts Consumer Health Information Centre at Frenchay Hospital with health information. Comments from a previous user satisfaction questionnaire survey implemented by the researcher provided themes to explore. These were: (1) cognitive effects (2) affective effects (3) behavioural effects. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with six consecutive users of the centre asking about a health problem for themselves. Health Facts information improved knowledge and understanding, reduced anxiety, and helped respondents accept and self‐manage illness, facilitated by quality of content and presentation. Everyone took some subsequent action in support of their condition. The centre saved users’ time searching for information elsewhere and staff were key players providing it. Information was shared with others, extending its impact. Increased publicity for the service was the main suggested improvement. Health Facts information was mostly rated higher than other information sources, and unexpectedly as high as information from doctors. Even well‐informed users gained new understanding. Health Facts information is highly valued, and complements advice given by health professionals. Findings reflect recent literature and government policy to get patients more involved in their own health care. The methodology may help other health information services investigate this subject. 相似文献
4.
Md. Abul Kalam Siddike Md. Shiful Islam 《International Information and Library Review》2013,45(3):130-136
The aim of the study is to explore the views of information professionals for knowledge management (KM) in the libraries/information institutions of Bangladesh.This paper seeks to address the following research questions: How the information professionals of Bangladesh perceive the views of KM? What are likely to be the skills required by the information professionals of Bangladesh for KM in the libraries of Bangladesh? and what are likely to be the critical success factors for encouraging KM in the information institutions of Bangladesh?The methodology includes a quantitative approach. The study has been conducted through a survey using a pre-structured questionnaire. A short and structured questionnaire was sent to 50 information professionals who had been working in different libraries in Bangladesh through email and/or by postal mail. The respondents were selected from six divisions of Bangladesh (25 respondents from Dhaka division, 5 each in Chittagong, Rajshahi, Khulna, Barishal and Sylhet divisions). Out of the 50 individuals sent the survey we received 30 responses, for a response rate 60%.The results of the study show that that 93.24% of the respondents first read about KM in the literature, but none had taken any courses on KM. Only 6.76% of the respondents had attended a workshop on KM. Findings also yield most professionals believed that several competencies including those in: communication, facilitation, coaching, mentoring, networking, negotiating, consensus building, and team working were essential for KM in the libraries of Bangladesh. This paper also suggests some critical success factors for encouraging the information professionals to KM in the libraries of Bangladesh. It investigates the original views of the library and information professionals of Bangladesh regarding the skills and competences of information professionals for KM in the libraries of Bangladesh.The department of Information Science and Library Management of Dhaka University and Rajshahi University should introduce KM course(s) either in the graduate level or in the post-graduate level. 相似文献
5.
Haigh V 《Health information and libraries journal》2006,23(1):41-50
OBJECTIVE: To determine the information needs and support required by AHPs whilst building services based on clinical effectiveness. METHODS: A qualitative approach using action research in co-operation with a Rehabilitation Department Clinical Effectiveness group, leading to interviews with eight therapists. The sampling strategy was purposive. RESULTS: Therapists have well-developed professional networks, but are unsure how to access traditional library areas. Library training can stop AHPs in asking for help or services, whilst the library is thought to be very different to their everyday work, but confidence in using the library service can be acquired by getting to know a librarian. A departmental-based service was thought to provide better access to, and understanding of, information through mentorship, whilst also providing up-to-date evidence so that clinicians can concentrate on their clinical work whilst being more clinically effective. CONCLUSIONS: When seeking information, AHPs are more likely to use professional networks than libraries. However, when working alongside an AHP, a librarian can upgrade information-seeking skills through mentorship, whilst named library contacts can make it easier to access the library for help. 相似文献
6.
Gareth J. F. Jones 《Information Retrieval》2009,12(2):148-161
The study of information retrieval (IR) has increased in interest and importance with the explosive growth of online information
in recent years. Learning about IR within formal courses of study enables users of search engines to use them more knowledgeably
and effectively, while providing the starting point for the explorations of new researchers into novel search technologies.
Although IR can be taught in a traditional manner of formal classroom instruction with students being led through the details
of the subject and expected to reproduce this in assessment, the nature of IR as a topic makes it an ideal subject for inquiry-based
learning approaches to teaching. In an inquiry-based learning approach students are introduced to the principles of a subject
and then encouraged to develop their understanding by solving structured or open problems. Working through solutions in subsequent
class discussions enables students to appreciate the availability of alternative solutions as proposed by their classmates.
Following this approach students not only learn the details of IR techniques, but significantly, naturally learn to apply
them in solution of problems. In doing this they not only gain an appreciation of alternative solutions to a problem, but
also how to assess their relative strengths and weaknesses. Developing confidence and skills in problem solving enables student
assessment to be structured around solution of problems. Thus students can be assessed on the basis of their understanding
and ability to apply techniques, rather simply their skill at reciting facts. This has the additional benefit of encouraging
general problem solving skills which can be of benefit in other subjects. This approach to teaching IR was successfully implemented
in an undergraduate module where students were assessed in a written examination exploring their knowledge and understanding
of the principles of IR and their ability to apply them to solving problems, and a written assignment based on developing
an individual research proposal. 相似文献
7.
学术文本词汇功能识别--基于标题生成策略和注意力机制的问题方法抽取 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
学术文本词汇功能识别的目的是实现学术文本中表征问题、方法和对象等词汇的抽取。针对传统识别方法中训练难以获取所导致的识别准确率低、召回率有限和泛化能力差等问题,本研究提出了一种基于深度学习和标题生成策略的学术文本词汇功能识别方法,将任务形式由信息抽取转化为特定形式的标题生成问题。本研究采用构建seq2seq模型和引入注意力机制的方式捕获词汇多层语义信息,最终实现学术文本中问题和方法指代词的生成和获取。实验结果表明,通过应用深度学习方法和标题生成策略,本研究提出的模型能够从摘要中有效识别学术文献的主要研究问题和主要研究方法,并较已有方法在识别效果上有明显提升。 相似文献
8.
首先介绍组织中大量存在的劣构问题的求解现状和存在的问题;其次,在分析面向特定领域劣构问题求解的知识管理系统研究和应用情况的基础上,研究劣构问题的特点及其求解过程,建立一般性劣构问题求解的过程模型,讨论劣构问题求解过程中的知识结构和信息结构,并提出其知识管理系统的设计和实现方式;最后给出系统应用实例。 相似文献
9.
Hersh WR Crabtree MK Hickam DH Sacherek L Rose L Friedman CP 《Bulletin of the Medical Library Association》2000,88(4):323-331
OBJECTIVES: Despite the growing use of online databases by clinicians, there has been very little research documenting how effectively they are used. This study assessed the ability of medical and nurse-practitioner students to answer clinical questions using an information retrieval system. It also attempted to identify the demographic, experience, cognitive, personality, search mechanics, and user-satisfaction factors associated with successful use of a retrieval system. METHODS: Twenty-nine students completed questionnaires of clinical and computer experience as well as tests of cognitive abilities and personality type. They were then administered three clinical questions to answer in a medical library setting using the MEDLINE database and electronic and print full-text resources. RESULTS: Medical students were able to answer more questions correctly than nurse-practitioner students before and after searching, but both had comparable improvements in the number of correct questions before and after searching. Successful ability to answer questions was also associated with having experience in literature searching and higher standardized test-score percentiles. CONCLUSIONS: Medical and nurse-practitioner students obtained comparable benefits in the ability to answer clinical questions from use of the information retrieval system. Future research must examine strategies that improve successful search and retrieval of clinical questions posed by clinicians in practice. 相似文献
10.
Md. Abul Kalam Siddike Md. Shiful Islam 《International Information and Library Review》2011,43(3):130-136
Aim of the study
The aim of the study is to explore the views of information professionals for knowledge management (KM) in the libraries/information institutions of Bangladesh.Research questions
This paper seeks to address the following research questions: How the information professionals of Bangladesh perceive the views of KM? What are likely to be the skills required by the information professionals of Bangladesh for KM in the libraries of Bangladesh? and what are likely to be the critical success factors for encouraging KM in the information institutions of Bangladesh?Method
The methodology includes a quantitative approach. The study has been conducted through a survey using a pre-structured questionnaire. A short and structured questionnaire was sent to 50 information professionals who had been working in different libraries in Bangladesh through email and/or by postal mail. The respondents were selected from six divisions of Bangladesh (25 respondents from Dhaka division, 5 each in Chittagong, Rajshahi, Khulna, Barishal and Sylhet divisions). Out of the 50 individuals sent the survey we received 30 responses, for a response rate 60%.Findings
The results of the study show that that 93.24% of the respondents first read about KM in the literature, but none had taken any courses on KM. Only 6.76% of the respondents had attended a workshop on KM. Findings also yield most professionals believed that several competencies including those in: communication, facilitation, coaching, mentoring, networking, negotiating, consensus building, and team working were essential for KM in the libraries of Bangladesh. This paper also suggests some critical success factors for encouraging the information professionals to KM in the libraries of Bangladesh. It investigates the original views of the library and information professionals of Bangladesh regarding the skills and competences of information professionals for KM in the libraries of Bangladesh.Recommendations of the study
The department of Information Science and Library Management of Dhaka University and Rajshahi University should introduce KM course(s) either in the graduate level or in the post-graduate level. 相似文献11.
PURPOSE: The Shared Hospital Electronic Library of Southern Indiana (SHELSI) research project was designed to determine whether access to a virtual health sciences library and training in its use would support medical decision making in rural southern Indiana and achieve the same level of impact seen by targeted information services provided by health sciences librarians in urban hospitals. METHODS: Based on the results of a needs assessment, a virtual medical library was created; various levels of training were provided. Virtual library users were asked to complete a Likert-type survey, which included questions on intent of use and impact of use. At the conclusion of the project period, structured interviews were conducted. RESULTS: Impact of the virtual health sciences library showed a strong correlation with the impact of information provided by health sciences librarians. Both interventions resulted in avoidance of adverse health events. Data collected from the structured interviews confirmed the perceived value of the virtual library. CONCLUSION: While librarians continue to hold a strong position in supporting information access for health care providers, their roles in the information age must begin to move away from providing information toward selecting and organizing knowledge resources and instruction in their use. 相似文献
12.
V Florance 《Bulletin of the Medical Library Association》1992,80(2):140-149
Despite technological advances that support wide-ranging access to and transfer of knowledge, practicing physicians continue to underutilize current biomedical literature. This paper explores the nature of clinically applicable medical knowledge through a structural analysis of clinical questions. The author analyzed a set of sixty questions, based on actual online search requests of practicing physicians, for stated and unstated needs, certainty levels, implicit and explicit assumptions, decision-making processes, and type of answer required. As a result, four states of information valuable in patient care were identified: prediagnostic assessment, diagnosis, treatment choice, and learning. These states are presented in frame-like structures that integrate declarative and procedural components of medical decision making. It is concluded that clinical problem solving requires a blend of declarative and procedural knowledge. The ratio depends, in part, upon the reasoning process underway at the time of the request. Procedural knowledge required for clinical problem solving may be absent from current biomedical journal literature or difficult to identify. 相似文献
13.
BACKGROUND: The Internet is a valuable information tool, but users often struggle to locate good quality information from within the vast amount of information available. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to identify the online information resources available to assist students develop Internet searching skills, and to explore the students' priorities in online guides. METHODS: A qualitative approach was adopted with two phases. The first was a structured search of available online study skills resources. The second comprised 10 group interviews with a total of 60 students at all stages of five undergraduate health and social care related courses at a UK university. RESULTS: The study found that there were good online guides available, but that, perversely, the better guides tended to require the best searching skills to locate them. A few students were enthusiastic about using online support, however the majority felt that if they had the skills to locate such resources they wouldn't use a study guide to improve these skills, and if they did not have the skills they would not think of using an online guide to develop them. CONCLUSIONS: Students wanted assistance when they had problems or questions, rather than sites that offered structured learning experiences. Personal support rather than virtual support was also considered to be most important to the students in this study. 相似文献
14.
“首届全国高职院校信息素养大赛”是第一次全国规模的同类赛事,参与面广、参与度高。文章考察该届赛事,探讨高职院校信息素养教育特点、问题与对策。选取决赛阶段的教师说课案例、学生客观题竞赛及主观题竞赛作为研究样本,进行典型案例分析,引用最新研究与实践材料,进行比较分析。研究发现,大赛展现了高职院校信息素养教育成绩,出现了一批教学方法、目标、手段各具特色的优秀课例,但知识积累不足和综合运用能力弱是参赛学生存在的普遍问题,资源条件及测试导向对赛事成长及信息素养教育推广有显著的影响。未来应开发课程标准、推广优质课程、优化测试维度与方法、注重职业背景下的信息应用能力培养,立足开放共享,打破资源局限。 相似文献
15.
16.
《资料收集管理》2013,38(2):15-31
Abstract Library consortia offer expanded access to shared collections through patron-initiated borrowing of materials. This article looks at two primary questions regarding patron-initiated borrowing: Is it possible to improve delivery time of materials within the constraints of current staffing? Is it necessary for patrons' satisfaction to improve delivery time? Answers to these two questions were sought through two studies: a series of interviews with library circulation staff and a survey of library patrons. The results of these studies provided answers to these questions and additional information that could be used to improve the current service. 相似文献
17.
国内外高校信息素养MOOC关键成功因素研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
[目的/意义]研究高校信息素养MOOC的关键成功因素,旨在为国内高校信息素养MOOC建设和发展提供参考与借鉴。[方法/过程] 调研国内外主要MOOC平台上高校开设的27门信息素养MOOC,采用典型案例分析法和基于专家访谈的关键成功因素分析法,根据教学设计包括的教学设计、教学内容、教学方法、教学考核和教学效果5个主要环节,分析并总结高校信息素养MOOC的关键成功因素。[结果/结论]总结阐述6个关键成功因素,对国内高校信息素养MOOC建设与实践具有指导意义。 相似文献
18.
Background: To ensure that physical and occupational therapy graduates develop evidence‐based practice (EBP) competencies, their academic training must promote EBP skills, such as posing a clinical question and retrieving relevant literature, and the information literacy skills needed to practice these EBP skills. Objective: This article describes the collaborative process and outcome of integrating EBP and information literacy early in a professional physical therapy and occupational therapy programme. Methods: The liaison librarian and a faculty member designed an instructional activity that included a lecture, workshop and assignment that integrated EBP skills and information literacy skills in the first year of the programme. The assignment was designed to assess students’ ability to conduct a search independently. Results: The lecture and workshop were successful in their objectives, as 101 of the 104 students received at least 8 out of 10 points on the search assignment. Conclusions: The teaching activities developed for the students in this course appear to have achieved the goal of teaching students the EBP research cycle so that they might begin to emulate it. The collaboration between the faculty member and the librarian was integral to the success of this endeavour. Future work will include the evaluation of students’ long‐term retention of information literacy objectives. 相似文献
19.
Glyneva Bradley-Ridout Erica Nekolaichuk Trevor Jamieson Claire Jones Natalie Morson Rita Chuang Elena Springall 《Journal of the Medical Library Association》2021,109(3):382
Objective:To compare the accuracy, time to answer, user confidence, and user satisfaction between UpToDate and DynaMed (formerly DynaMed Plus), which are two popular point-of-care information tools.Methods:A crossover study was conducted with medical residents in obstetrics and gynecology and family medicine at the University of Toronto in order to compare the speed and accuracy with which they retrieved answers to clinical questions using UpToDate and DynaMed. Experiments took place between February 2017 and December 2019. Following a short tutorial on how to use each tool and completion of a background survey, participants attempted to find answers to two clinical questions in each tool. Time to answer each question, the chosen answer, confidence score, and satisfaction score were recorded for each clinical question.Results:A total of 57 residents took part in the experiment, including 32 from family medicine and 25 from obstetrics and gynecology. Accuracy in clinical answers was equal between UpToDate (average 1.35 out of 2) and DynaMed (average 1.36 out of 2). However, time to answer was 2.5 minutes faster in UpToDate compared to DynaMed. Participants were also more confident and satisfied with their answers in UpToDate compared to DynaMed.Conclusions:Despite a preference for UpToDate and a higher confidence in responses, the accuracy of clinical answers in UpToDate was equal to those in DynaMed. Previous exposure to UpToDate likely played a major role in participants'' preferences. More research in this area is recommended. 相似文献