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Thinking aloud together: A teacher’s semiotic mediation of a whole-class conversation about percents
How does classroom interaction support students’ apprenticeship into the ways of speaking, writing, and diagramming that constitute the practice of mathematics? We address this problem through an interpretative analysis of a whole-group conversation about alternative ways of solving a problem involving percent discounts that occurred in a sixth grade classroom. This research study draws upon Dewey’s theory of inquiry, Vygotsky’s cultural–historical psychology, Freudenthal’s realistic mathematics education, and Halliday’s systemic functional linguistics (SFL). From Freudenthal, we borrow the notions of mathematizing and guided reinvention—the former notion offers a view of mathematics as an activity of structuring subject matter and the latter one provides insights into the processes whereby mathematizing is learned and taught in the classroom. We glean from Dewey his view of reflective thinking as inquiry and the role that conversations may serve therein. We rely upon Vygotsky’s notions of a verbal thinking plane and a social phase of learning in order to reconsider the function of whole-class interaction in apprenticing students into mathematizing. Finally, SFL provides us with tools for explaining the choices of grammar and vocabulary students and teachers make as they realize meanings in whole-group conversations. Treating the selected whole-class conversation as a text, we focus our analysis on how this text came to mean what it did. Our central questions are as follows: What meanings were realized in the whole-class conversation by teacher and students and how were these meanings realized? How did the teacher’s lexico-grammatical choices guide the students’ choices? In addressing these questions, we advance an interpretation of the conversation as paradigmatic of students and teacher thinking aloud together about percents. 相似文献
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学术阅读的主要目的有两个：解和批判。对批判性阅读和系统功能语法中及物性分析探讨的基础之上,本文认为及物性分析是一门能很好地运用于批评性阅读的有用的语言工具。本文对在批评性阅读过程中如何运用及物性分析提供了一篇样本分析,展示出及物性分析是如何帮助阅读者提高对阅读材料的批判理解,并帮助阅读者成为语言运用能手的批判性阅读过程。 相似文献
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The present study investigated whether text structure inference skill (i.e., the ability to infer overall text structure) has unique predictive value for expository text comprehension on top of the variance accounted for by sentence reading fluency, linguistic knowledge and metacognitive knowledge. Furthermore, it was examined whether the unique predictive value of text structure inference skill differs between monolingual and bilingual Dutch students or students who vary in reading proficiency, reading fluency or linguistic knowledge levels. One hundred fifty-one eighth graders took tests that tapped into their expository text comprehension, sentence reading fluency, linguistic knowledge, metacognitive knowledge, and text structure inference skill. Multilevel regression analyses revealed that text structure inference skill has no unique predictive value for eighth graders’ expository text comprehension controlling for reading fluency, linguistic knowledge and metacognitive knowledge. However, text structure inference skill has unique predictive value for expository text comprehension in models that do not include both knowledge of connectives and metacognitive knowledge as control variables, stressing the importance of these two cognitions for text structure inference skill. Moreover, the predictive value of text structure inference skill does not depend on readers’ language backgrounds or on their reading proficiency, reading fluency or vocabulary knowledge levels. We conclude our paper with the limitations of our study as well as the research and practical implications. 相似文献
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Connectives (e.g., although, meanwhile) carry abstract meanings and often signal key relationships between text ideas. This study explored whether understanding of connectives represents a unique domain of vocabulary knowledge that provides special leverage for reading comprehension, and whether the contribution of knowledge of connectives to reading comprehension differs for students from distinct language backgrounds. Understanding of connectives, word reading efficiency and breadth of vocabulary knowledge of 75 English language learners (ELLs) and 75 English‐only (EO) fifth graders were assessed. Hierarchical multiple regression techniques revealed that understanding of connectives explained a sizeable and significant portion of unique variance in comprehension beyond that explained by breadth of vocabulary knowledge when controlling for word reading efficiency. The magnitude of this relationship was larger for EO students than for ELLs. Findings indicate that connectives play an important role in comprehension, but that the strength of their influence varies by readers’ linguistic background. 相似文献
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Hilde Hacquebord 《Journal of Research in Reading》1994,17(2):83-98
In the Netherlands, as in other Western European countries, many minority children are unsuccessful in their school careers. Their lack of achievement is associated with language and literacy problems. In secondary education they are faced with the task of text comprehension in the content areas, which is a reading task and a learning task at the same time. This study will report on the assessment of text comprehension in relation to vocabulary, grammar, non-verbal IQ and background knowledge about topics used in the text-comprehension test. Turkish and Dutch pupils took these tests during the first three years of their secondary schooling. In order to relate students’ different reading styles to their linguistic background (L1 or L2), three different subtests of text comprehension were used, each referring to a certain discourse level. It was found that the L2-readers tend towards a top-down approach of reading, which implies a stronger reliance on conceptual guidance than in L1-reading. With respect to the childen's reading development there was a significant increase in their scores for Word Knowledge and Non Verbal IQ, but there was no progress in the scores for Text Comprehension. Especially, Turkish pupils in the lowest type of the Dutch secondary-school system showed no progress at all. 相似文献
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Panagiotis Pantidos Konstantinos Ravanis Kostas Valakas Evangelos Vitoratos 《Science & Education》2014,23(3):621-642
This study examines how focusing on the notion of ‘poeticality’ (poetical forms) can provide functional insights with respect to the narrativeness of physics teaching. From this perspective, through both a meaning-making and aesthetic approach, this article explores how vehicles such as verse and rhetorical figures—metaphor, irony, litotes, hyperbole, antithesis and paradox—can create written and oral texts for the teaching of physics, using a language with poetic significance. This standpoint exists in parallel with an increasingly acknowledged fact in the field of science education, i.e., that the context and particularly the modes of representation potentially affect students’ comprehension. In this way, science education is allowed to escape the dominance of the cognitive paradigm and to concentrate on the study of students’ conceptualisations in relation to the modalities used to shape meanings. 相似文献
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语境是读者理解语言文字必不可少的语言环境,只有在具体语境下,语言文字才有其功能意义,也只有立足语境下的阅读理解,才有可能将文本意义和理解意义统一起来。在小学语文教材中,准确理解文本意义的语境策略有多种,如联系上下文语境、阅读情景语境、补充背景语境、识别文体语境和拓展文化语境等。掌握了一定的语境策略,对文本的理解将更深入、更准确。 相似文献
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Kausalai Wijekumar Bonnie J. F. Meyer Puiwa Lei Anita C. Hernandez Diane L. August 《Reading and writing》2018,31(9):1969-1996
Reading and comprehending content area texts is important for academic and professional success as well as life skills necessary to maintain good health and quality lifestyle. Spanish speaking English language learners have shown poor performance on high-stakes assessments in reading comprehension. The number of Spanish speaking English learners (ELs) in our schools continues to increase at a fast pace, and therefore it is imperative that we address their reading comprehension needs swiftly and effectively. The text structure strategy has shown positive results on comprehension outcomes in many research studies with students at Grades 2, 4, 5, and 7. This study is the first implementation of instruction about the text structure strategy expressly designed to accommodate the linguistic and comprehension needs of Spanish speaking ELs in Grades 4 and 5. Strategy instruction on the web for English learners (SWELL) was designed to deliver instruction about the text structure strategy to Spanish speaker English learners. A randomized controlled study with pre and post-tests was conducted with 14 classrooms at fourth-grade and 17 classrooms at fifth-grade in high poverty schools where over 85% of students were Spanish speaking bilinguals or ELs. Analysis of data using multi-level models show moderate to large-effects favoring the students in the SWELL classrooms over the business as usual control classrooms on important measures such as a standardized reading comprehension test and main idea and cloze tasks. This research has practical implications for the use of web-based tools to provide high-quality and supportive instruction to improve Spanish speaking ELs reading comprehension skills. 相似文献
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语篇分析与阅读教学 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
孟红 《安徽广播电视大学学报》2003,(2):77-80
传统的阅读教学把句子看作是最高一层的语言单位，通过英语释义，分析其中的语法点和词汇的用法来进行教学，学生的注意力只集中于语法和词汇，处于被动阅读地位。本文论述通过语篇分析这一教学法对整个篇章进行外部层次和内部层次分析，利用宏观整体理解带动微观细节理解，能达到见树知林的理解效果。同时还提出了语篇分析法实施中应注意的问题及应对策略。 相似文献
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英语教学的终极目的在于学生理解能力的培养。理解的内容包括原文的词汇、语法和语用三个方面。理解才能把握词汇的准确含义,弄清语法结构和语用环境;理解才能辨别词义,正确使用;理解才能领会说话意图,表达通畅;理解才能提高记忆效率,才能真正学好英语。 相似文献
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Matthew H. Schneps Chen Chen Marc Pomplun Jiahui Wang Anne D. Crosby Kevin Kent 《Mind, Brain, and Education》2019,13(1):14-29
People who are practiced in using text‐to‐speech can drive listening speeds to surprisingly high limits. Here, we investigate the extent to which people who are otherwise untrained, with and without dyslexia, can increase their reading speed when forcibly accelerated visual or auditory presentations are used in isolation or in tandem. The experiment examined the reading speed and comprehension of 43 college students using three methods enabled by software on a handheld device: forcibly accelerated visual augmentation, auditory text‐to‐speech, and a combination of the two. We found that both typical and impaired readers attained the highest reading speed using the combined method, controlling for comprehension. Importantly, those with dyslexia using the combined methods reached the equivalent reading speed of typical readers using paper, visual, or auditory methods, with no loss in comprehension. Findings here suggest that in future evolutions—using technologies available today—parallel neurological pathways for language processing can be exploited to optimize reading for those impaired. 相似文献
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王惠萍 《安庆师范学院学报(社会科学版)》2010,29(12):53-56,70
将批评语篇分析方法用于用于阅读教学中,可以有效地改善现行阅读教学中存在的问题,提高学生阅读理解的能力和语言意识及批评性阅读语篇的能力,促进以学生为中心的阅读模式的形成和发展。在实施批评性阅读教学过程中,教师应讲解CDA中常用来批评性分析语篇的工具及带有意识形态意义的语言表达形式,教会学生对语篇进行批评性分析,以培养学生批评性阅读语篇的能力。 相似文献
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贾文宇 《黑龙江教育学院学报》2005,24(1):70-71
批评语言学属HallidBy所倡导的工具语言学。它是用语言学理论,主要是以Halliday的系统功能语法作为工具,通过分析大众语篇来揭示语篇中所隐含的意识形态或权力关系,阐述批评语言学中的哲学、语言学基础和对语言、语篇、语境及意识所持的观点。 相似文献
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Stefan Altmeyer 《British Journal of Religious Education》2015,37(1):20-36
Language does not only play an active part in all processes of comprehension, recognition and learning, it is also essential for specific religious learning processes. Religious experiences and traditions have their own characteristic linguistic forms, and religious education has come to realise the necessity for an appropriate sensibility in religious language. Yet while linguistic features of religion or tradition have been widely discussed and developed, the use of religious language with regard to the learning subjects remains a significant, if not unknown, variable. What do we actually know about the religious language of students? How do we systematically assess their linguistic competence? By presenting selected results regarding the God-talk of German secondary school students, this paper shows how empirical research based on a corpus linguistic approach can provide access to the use of religious language. As such, the paper first aims to initiate a paradigm shift from looking at the linguistic features of content to exploring the language use of learners. Second, it aims to present a research framework that offers possibilities for further comparable and comparative research well beyond the original German speaking context. 相似文献
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Learning from texts is an important part of STEM education, but linguistic text features can affect comprehension and learning. We synthesized 45 experimental studies that investigated the effect of linguistic modifications on STEM text comprehension and learning, with a total of N = 6477 learners. In a meta-regression, we distinguished between eight categories of linguistic modifications and several other moderators, including prior knowledge. We found a small positive mean effect of linguistic modifications (g = 0.15). In line with previous research, the results showed that learners with low content prior knowledge benefited more from linguistic modifications. Personalization and increasing clarity and elaboration had positive effects, while reducing complexity and increasing cohesion did not have significant effects. This study highlights the potential and limits of linguistic modifications in STEM texts and provides implications for educational practice. 相似文献
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We studied the performance in three genres of Chinese written composition (narration, exposition, and argumentation) of 158 grade 4, 5, and 6 poor Chinese text comprehenders compared with 156 good Chinese text comprehenders. We examined text comprehension and written composition relationship. Verbal working memory (verbal span working memory and operation span working memory) and different levels of linguistic tasks—morphological sensitivity (morphological compounding and morphological chain), sentence processing (syntax construction and syntax integrity), and text comprehension (narrative and expository texts)—were used to predict separately narrative, expository, and argumentation written compositions in these students. Grade for grade, the good text comprehenders outperformed the poor text comprehenders in all tasks, except for morphological chain. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses showed differential contribution of the tasks to different genres of writing. In particular, text comprehension made unique contribution to argumentation writing in the poor text comprehenders. Future studies should ask students to read and write parallel passages in the same genre for better comparison and incorporate both instructional and motivational variables. 相似文献
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余玉秀 《湖北大学成人教育学院学报》2013,(6):98-101
听力理解先于说、读和写等其它技能,是学习一门新语言时首先获得的技能;听力理解为未来习得"说"打下了基础;注重听力理解训练、在最初教学阶段适当放松口头产出要求有助于培养学习者的语言能力,其比集中口头练习有更好的产出效果。本文通过援引二语习得方面重大和权威的研究成果,回顾了听力理解和语言学习的密切关系,探讨了听力理解及其在英语教学中的地位和作用,认为"听力优先说"优于传统的"语法翻译法"和"听说法"。 相似文献
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Paola Uccelli Özlem Ece Demir-Lira Meredith L. Rowe Susan Levine Susan Goldin-Meadow 《Child development》2019,90(5):1650-1663
This study examines whether children's decontextualized talk—talk about nonpresent events, explanations, or pretend—at 30 months predicts seventh-grade academic language proficiency (age 12). Academic language (AL) refers to the language of school texts. AL proficiency has been identified as an important predictor of adolescent text comprehension. Yet research on precursors to AL proficiency is scarce. Child decontextualized talk is known to be a predictor of early discourse development, but its relation to later language outcomes remains unclear. Forty-two children and their caregivers participated in this study. The proportion of child talk that was decontextualized emerged as a significant predictor of seventh-grade AL proficiency, even after controlling for socioeconomic status, parent decontextualized talk, child total words, child vocabulary, and child syntactic comprehension. 相似文献