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1.
[目的/意义]对智能手机用户信息安全行为意愿进行研究,可以帮助相关的政府或组织更好地提供针对性的信息安全教育和培训。[过程/方法]本文基于社会认知理论,建立智能手机用户信息安全行为意愿影响因素的概念模型,通过调查问卷收集数据并利用结构方程模型进行验证。[结果/结论]研究发现：感知威胁、反应效能、控制倾向和描述性规范对智能手机用户的信息安全行为意愿具有显著的正向影响,自我效能对行为意愿的影响不显著;作为社会环境的因素之一,描述性规范对感知威胁、反应效能、自我效能和控制倾向均有显著的影响。 相似文献
2.
计算机网络目前正面临着严重威胁,其构成的因素有很多,这种威胁不断给社会带来巨大的损失,因此信息网络的安全性正在被社会的各个领域所重视。由于计算机网络链接的多样性,终端和网络的开放性、连通性和其他功能的分布不均,导致网络容易受到黑客、恶意软件、病毒和其他不当行为的攻击,网上信息的安全性和保密性已经成为非常值得重视的问题。本文将针对网络安全问题进行系统地分析,从人员管理及安全技术方面阐述主流的网络安全解决方案。 相似文献
3.
[目的/意义]研究构建并探讨付费知识问答平台提问者的转移行为概念模型及影响因素,对深入理解提问者的转移行为和促进付费知识问答平台良性发展有重要意义。[方法/过程]以PPM模型为基础,对收集的369份有效问卷采用结构方程法,利用SPSS和AMOS工具对模型及数据进行验证和分析。[结果/结论]不满意度、感知信息质量、感知信任、主观规范、社会支持等因素均显著正向影响提问者的转移意愿,转移成本和心理惯性对提问者的转移意愿有显著负向影响。付费知识问答平台的管理者需要从推力、拉力和锚定三方面综合考虑提升用户体验,满足用户需求,获取竞争优势。 相似文献
4.
信息分化问题的社会学思考 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
在当代，由社会信息化而导致的社会问题可谓多种多样。其中，信息分化问题日益突出，已成为社会密切重视和认真研究的重要课题。信息分化是社会信息化发展过程中新生成的一种社会分化类型与社会分化途径，是一种客观存在且有着被不断扩大的世界性趋势的社会现象。它不仅可以造成贫富分化的加剧，导致社会结构的失衡，而且还会引发社会关系的冲突，对社会的良性运行和协调发展构成严重威胁。虽然不同国家、不同地区、不同组织、不同群体、不同个体之间存在着越来越严重的信息分化问题，但这也折射出信息弱势国家、地区、群体等发展的希望。目前，信息分化严重地影响了社会的公平、整合与和谐。对此，这一问题也日渐受到国际社会的广泛关注。 相似文献
5.
Laura A. Granka 《The Information Society》2013,29(5):364-374
In “Shaping the Web: Why the Politics of Search Engines Matters,” Introna and Nissenbaum (2000) introduced scholars to the political, as well as technical, issues central to the development of online search engines. Since that time, scholars have critically evaluated the role that search engines play in structuring the scope of online information access for the rest of society, with an emphasis on the implications for a democratic and diverse Web. This article describes the thought behind search engine regulation, online diversity, and information bias, and it places these issues within the context of the technical and societal changes that have occurred in the online search industry. The author assesses which of the initial concerns expressed about online search engines remain relevant today and discusses how technical changes demand a new approach to measuring online diversity and democracy. The author concludes with a proposal to direct the research and thought in online search going forward. 相似文献
6.
Smart-cities research has established itself as one of the most dynamic fields in research today, accommodating scholars from diverse disciplines, including engineering and computer science as well as social sciences. Even if only tacitly, the resultant debate increasingly oscillates around how the effective use of information and communication technology (ICT) might render cities and urban space better places. This article responds to this imperative by suggesting how to capture users’ views and perceptions of smart city services and applications and in this way enrich the decision- and policy-making processes. It is argued that by developing appropriate scales these otherwise subjective views and perceptions may be objectivized and hence made of great use to managers and policymakers. Accordingly, in this research, a process of scale development is conducted in four phases of both inductive and deductive methods. Following initial rounds of focus groups and assessment by experts, an international survey was conducted with 295 participants from Europe, Asia, Latin America, the Arab Peninsula, and other regions. The data were analyzed using IBM SPSS 24 and AMOS 20 tools. The study proposes a 20-item scale in five distinct dimensions: Technology anxiety; Work–life interface; Engagement orientation; Support orientation; and Quality of life. The significant theoretical and managerial implications are discussed to demonstrate how to manage information for the benefit of all stakeholders involved in the making of a smart city. 相似文献
7.
《Research Policy》2019,48(7):1617-1632
This study examines the relationship between gender diversity and research outcomes. Existing research on the topic primarily focuses on how team gender diversity influences scholarly productivity in terms of citations and publication rates. Far less attention has been devoted to the question of how the intellectual contents of research disciplines change as they become more gender diverse. Drawing on a global sample of more than 25,000 management papers, we use natural language processing techniques, correspondence analysis and regression models to illuminate impact-, content- and status-related dimensions of gender diversity in management research. In regression models adjusting for geographical setting, institutional prestige and collaboration patterns, we find no discernable effects of team gender diversity on per-paper scientific impact. In contrast, our analyses converge to yield a broadly consistent pattern of gender-related variations in research focus: women are well-represented in social- and human-centered areas of management, while men comprise the vast majority in areas addressing more technical and operational aspects. Our findings corroborate recent sociological research suggesting that cultural norms and expectations are channeling women and men towards different areas of work and study. We argue that the broadened repertoire of perspectives, values and questions resulting from gender diversity may render management research more responsive to the full gamut of societal needs and expectations. 相似文献
8.
知识民主为知识生产提供一条新的合法化路径,目的在于生产出具有确定性的、平等服务于所有人的、获得公众信任的知识,解决知识面临的信任危机。然而,民主从来不是无条件的,知识民主实践受到主体性和公共性的制约。前者体现在社会中公共精神、多元治理观念、学习型文化得到一定程度的发展和对个体理性、责任、知识的要求,后者体现在不同学科知识的公共性程度差异和知识生产不同阶段的公共性程度差异。知识民主符合理论发展趋势和社会实践要求,具有发展的必然性,但是也面临着困难和挑战。它对传统公共政策、社会治理和民主制度产生了一定的冲击,需要超越知识生产中的利益纠纷,在更宏观的尺度得到考量和发展。 相似文献
9.
The purpose of this paper is to investigate factors influencing employees’ knowledge-sharing behavior on social tagging supported systems. Using the strong theoretical background of the well-known technology acceptance model (TAM), this paper proposes and empirically validates a model that fits the social and technical nature of social tagging tools within the public sector. The analyses in this paper were based on data collected from a large survey of more than 480 respondents working for two public organizations in the United States. The findings demonstrate a significant impact of the role of social presence in encouraging employees to create and share content. Further, there is a strong relationship between the benefits employees receive from using tagging tools and their creation and sharing of tagged content. Specifically, the following factors showed a significant impact on employees’ creation and sharing behavior, specifically their attitudes towards and intentions to create and share tags: perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, social presence, and pro-sharing norms. For researchers, the paper offers an opportunity to further study knowledge-sharing behavior regarding social media technologies. The findings should motivate practitioners to inject these tools with a social aspect so that employees are encouraged to share content. 相似文献
10.
Dag Elgesem 《Ethics and Information Technology》2008,10(4):233-242
How should the policies of search engines and other information intermediaries be ethically evaluated? It is argued that Kant’s principles for the public use of reason are useful starting points for the formulation of criteria for such an evaluation. The suggestion is, furthermore, that a search engine can be seen to provide a testimony to the user concerning what information that is most relevant to her query. This suggestion is used as the basis for the development of a broadly Kantian account of a rational searcher. It is argued that the search engine companies are morally required to publish their information policies and act in accordance with them but given the threat of search engine spam they can have no obligation to publish the details of their algorithms. 相似文献
11.
知识创新视野下的大学信息政策体系构建 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
大学是知识创新的核心主体之一,大学信息政策对于大学的知识创新与发展起着重要的引导和牵引作用。基于国家信息政策法律的规范,国外大学纷纷制订了内容丰富而多样化的信息政策,以合理开发利用信息资源与信息技术,促进知识创新,而国内大学的信息政策制订与研究则尚未引起足够的重视。因而,应当在借鉴国外先进经验的基础上,构建我国的大学信息政策体系。 相似文献
12.
Participation in and adding content to social tagging tools is important for these tools to achieve their purpose of classifying and organizing information. Users of social tagging tools are driven to participate and add tags by extrinsic and intrinsic motivation. Extrinsic motivation is dominating research as a main predictor of why users use information systems. Social tagging tools, as a subset of social media tools, are distinguished by their unique social aspect that makes intrinsic motivation a potential driver for users to add tags to content. Intrinsic motivation, when applied to social tagging tools, could entail many shades that represent different users’ motives for using such tools. In this paper, we add a rich concept of intrinsic motivation to include hedonism as a main predictor of users’ behavior on social tagging tools. We empirically validate a previously proposed theoretical model of three dimensional concepts of hedonism with three components describing individuals’ hedonic state when interacting with social tagging tools: explorability, curiosity, and enjoyment. After a robust and thorough data analysis using structured equation modeling, the results confirm our theoretical model and suggest using a richer concept of enjoyment to reflect a hedonic dimension when investigating intrinsic motivation with interactive social media tools. Our validated model could be the spark of new factors that have the potential to influence user acceptance of information systems in general and in social media tools. This research contributes to the development of attitude-behavior theories that could explain users’ acceptance of dynamic web 相似文献
13.
《Information processing & management》2020,57(2):102025
Over the recent years, the growth of online social media has greatly facilitated the way people communicate with each other. Users of online social media share information, connect with other people and stay informed about trending events. However, much recent information appearing on social media is dubious and, in some cases, intended to mislead. Such content is often called fake news. Large amounts of online fake news has the potential to cause serious problems in society. Many point to the 2016 U.S. presidential election campaign as having been influenced by fake news. Subsequent to this election, the term has entered the mainstream vernacular. Moreover it has drawn the attention of industry and academia, seeking to understand its origins, distribution and effects.Of critical interest is the ability to detect when online content is untrue and intended to mislead. This is technically challenging for several reasons. Using social media tools, content is easily generated and quickly spread, leading to a large volume of content to analyse. Online information is very diverse, covering a large number of subjects, which contributes complexity to this task. The truth and intent of any statement often cannot be assessed by computers alone, so efforts must depend on collaboration between humans and technology. For instance, some content that is deemed by experts of being false and intended to mislead are available. While these sources are in limited supply, they can form a basis for such a shared effort.In this survey, we present a comprehensive overview of the finding to date relating to fake news. We characterize the negative impact of online fake news, and the state-of-the-art in detection methods. Many of these rely on identifying features of the users, content, and context that indicate misinformation. We also study existing datasets that have been used for classifying fake news. Finally, we propose promising research directions for online fake news analysis. 相似文献
14.
【目的/意义】社会网络分析是由社会学家根据数学方法、图论等发展起来的定量分析方法。本文将对社会
网络分析方法与图书情报学研究主题之间的关联性进行分析。【方法/过程】本文利用社会网络领域的术语为检索
词,从CNKI收集了图书情报学领域应用社会网络分析方法的论文,对论文的研究主题与研究工具、数据类型及采
用的社会网络分析指标进行关联分析,揭示它们之间的联系。【结果/结论】研究发现,国内图书情报学领域学者利
用社会网络分析方法时,关注的研究主题,使用的研究工具和数据类型都呈现为一个集中与分散的状态。另外,研
究主题不同,关注点不同,研究中所采用的社会网络分析测度指标也存在一定的差异。【创新/局限】本文研究层面
呈多样性、细粒度性等特点,重点揭示了网络分析测度指标与研究主题间的潜在关联,研究工具与数据源类型也是
本文的关注点,但对研究工具用于解决的具体问题方面没有进行深入挖掘。 相似文献
15.
Alistair S. Duff 《The Information Society》2005,21(1):67-71
This article explores the relevance of social engineering for the postindustrial epoch. The concept of social engineering has been dormant in recent years, stained by the behavior of police states in the 20th century. Yet stripped of its excesses, social engineering still represents a defensible moral and political enterprise. What is needed for the 21st century, however, is a chastened, deontological theory of social engineering, one that accepts the inviolability of the person while still pursuing ambitious long-term teleological strategies through state action. For its content, progressive information society policy should revisit the ethical norms developed by the left-liberal tradition, as articulated by the late John Rawls and others. The article concludes that the information age offers a new opportunity to engineer a just social order, or, at any rate, that the policymaking community needs to reevaluate the idea of social engineering. 相似文献
16.
Jonathan Elmer 《The Information Society》2013,29(1):67-68
This article explores the relevance of social engineering for the postindustrial epoch. The concept of social engineering has been dormant in recent years, stained by the behavior of police states in the 20th century. Yet stripped of its excesses, social engineering still represents a defensible moral and political enterprise. What is needed for the 21st century, however, is a chastened, deontological theory of social engineering, one that accepts the inviolability of the person while still pursuing ambitious long-term teleological strategies through state action. For its content, progressive information society policy should revisit the ethical norms developed by the left-liberal tradition, as articulated by the late John Rawls and others. The article concludes that the information age offers a new opportunity to engineer a just social order, or, at any rate, that the policymaking community needs to reevaluate the idea of social engineering. 相似文献
17.
Micro-blogging services such as Twitter allow anyone to publish anything, anytime. Needless to say, many of the available contents can be diminished as babble or spam. However, given the number and diversity of users, some valuable pieces of information should arise from the stream of tweets. Thus, such services can develop into valuable sources of up-to-date information (the so-called real-time web) provided a way to find the most relevant/trustworthy/authoritative users is available. Hence, this makes a highly pertinent question for which graph centrality methods can provide an answer. In this paper the author offers a comprehensive survey of feasible algorithms for ranking users in social networks, he examines their vulnerabilities to linking malpractice in such networks, and suggests an objective criterion against which to compare such algorithms. Additionally, he suggests a first step towards “desensitizing” prestige algorithms against cheating by spammers and other abusive users. 相似文献
18.
We highlight the important lessons our contributors present in our collective project of fostering dialogues both between applied ethics and computer science and between cultures. These include: critical reflexivity; procedural (partly Habermasian) approaches to establishing such central norms as “emancipation”; the importance of local actors in using ICTs both for global management and in development projects – especially as these contribute the trust essential for the social context of use of new technologies; and pluralistic approaches that preserve local cultural differences alongside shared norms. May Thorseth then contextualizes our work vis-a-vis broader philosophical discussions of deliberation and democracy. 相似文献
19.
认为社交网络背景下大学生的信息行为发生了重大改变,高校的信息素质教育应与时俱进,而社交网络工具为改变教育模式提供了新方法;分析了社交网络工具应用于信息素质教育的利弊与在社交网络背景下信息素质教育的实施路径. 相似文献
20.
The objective of this paper is to contribute to a perspective on economic performance, i.e. the interaction between norms specific to a company, the knowledge basis of the company and innovation.The questions we will try to shed light on in this article are: what is the connection between norms specific to the company, the knowledge basis of the company and innovation?We will argue that norms specific to the company, knowledge development and innovation strategies are closely linked, in order to promote competitive advantages at the company level. We will present and discuss a model in this connection. At the end of the article we will integrate this model and develop policy implications. We will see norms specific to the company in the light of social autopoiesis theory. It is this theory which will be used when evaluating the importance of knowledge development and innovation.The main thesis in the article is that a company's capabilities are primarily developed on the basis of social norms and values already existing in the social relations of the company. This in turn influences how the company develops and applies the knowledge basis, thus influencing innovation strategies. 相似文献