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1.
石铸 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1991,29(5):394-417
本文是对中国-喜马拉雅地区的原莴苣属植物提出的分类订正。是笔者前一篇文章《莴苣属订正
及亚洲大陆菊科植物二新属》的续篇。文中建立了两个新属，即毛鳞菊属Chaetoseris Shih和细莴苣属Stenoseris Shih；文末及文中提供了本文所涉及的一些属种的分属和分种检索表。 相似文献
2.
石铸 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1988,26(5):382-393
本文是对菊科莴苣属Lactuca L. 的分类订正, 文中起用了乳苣属Mulgedium Cass.和山
莴苣属Lagedium Sojak两个较老的属名, 建立了二个新属，即翅果菊属Ptrocypsela Shih与假
福王草属Paraprenathes Chang. 文末提供了莴苣属及邻近属以及东亚地区的有关种类的分属分种检索表。 相似文献
3.
在比较研究标本室标本，包括模式标本以及野外考察的基础上，确认Chaetoseris hispida Shih 与Ch. cyanea (D. Don) Shih为同种植物，并把前者作为后者的异名处理。 相似文献
4.
石铸 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1989,27(6):457-460
Two new species of the genus Notoseris (Compositae) are describep
from Sichuan Province, China. They are Notoseris nanchuanensis Shih, N. dolicho-
phylla Shih. 相似文献
5.
近日．与美国哈佛大学植物标本馆David E.Boufford博士合作．通过多重证据成立了喜马拉雅-横断山区特有属：假合头菊属。 相似文献
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9.
本文分析了125份柑桔属、枳属、金柑属和指来檬属种质资源的谷氨酸草酰乙酸转氨酶同工
酶(GOT)。新发现了GOT-1的两个等位基因B和C。宽皮柑桔的GOT同工酶颇为一致(仅两个例
外)，表明可能有共同的起源。酸橙的GOT同工酶较复杂，可能有多种起源，其中朱栾和小红橙的起
源可能与宜昌橙或香橙有关。在单胚种柚中发现了6种GOT基因组合。宜昌橙存在着两种GOT同工酶类型。本文讨论了甜橙、酸橙、葡萄柚、香橙、柠檬等种类的可能起源。 相似文献
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11.
石铸 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1986,24(4):292-296
Almost no differences are seen in habit and infrescence between the gene-
ra Vladimiria and Dolomiaea; the former that was founded on the basis of Jurinea sal-
winensis Hand.-Mazz. by Iljin should be transferred to the later that was earlier found-
ed on the basis of D. macrocephala DC. by De Candolle. But considering the style which
has fine, spreading and apex-acute branches in the group Vladimiria, it is reasonable
to treat the group Vladimiria as a section in the genus Dolomiaea, i.e. Dolomiaea sect.
Vladimiria (Iljin) Shih. Therefore, the genus Dolomiaea is expanded in the circums-
cription in the present paper, not only including the primary group with short, com-
pact and apex-rounded style branches, i.e. Dolomiaea sect. Dolomiaea, but also sect. Vla-
dimiria (Iljin) shih with different characters of style-arms.
Nine species and 1 variety as new combinations are listed in the sect. Vladimiria
(Iljin) Shih as following: D. denticulata (Ling) Shih, D. forrestii (Diels) Shih, D.
scabrida (Shih et S. Y. Jin) Shih, D. souliei(Franch.) Shih, D. souliei (Franch) Shih
var. mirabilis (Anth.) Shih, D. berardioidea (Franch.) Shih, D. georgii (Anth.) Shih,
D. edulis (Franch.) Shih, D. salwinensis (Hand.-Mazz.) Shih and D. platylepis (Hand.
-Mazz.) Shih. 相似文献
12.
石铸 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1984,22(6):445-455
Since the 19th century many botanists have studied the Chinese Cirsium
and a great number of taxa or names has been reported, of which many still need to be
reviewed critically
This work is a preliminaxy result of study on Chinese species of Cirsium. As many
as 65 taxan or names in the literature are reduced to synonym in this paper. The Cir-
sium in China so far known comprises 49 species, of which 9 are described as new, 1 is
a new combination and 4 are new records in Chinese flora. These new species are: C.
subulariforme Shih, S. muliense Shih, C. fanjingshanense Shih, C. periacanthaceum Shih,
C. racemiforme Ling et Shih, C. vernonioides Shih, C. chrysolepis Shih, C. tenuifolium
Shih and the new combination is C. viridifolium (Hand. -Mazz.) Shih. The new records
in China are C. serratuloides (L.) Hill., C. incanum (S. G. Gmel.) Fisch. ex MB., C. la-
natum (Roxb. ex Willd.) Spreng and C. alatum (S. G. Gmel) Bobr.
The Chinese Cirsium is divided into 8 sections in the present paper, of which 3 are
new, namely, Sect. Isolepis Shih, Sect. Tricholepis Shilh and Sect. Hymenolepis Shih,
and I is a new combination, namely, Sect. Spanioptilon (Cass.) Shih. In addition, a new species of the genus Alfredia, A. aspera Slih, is described. 相似文献
13.
石铸 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1994,32(4):365-368
本文对作者本人在1983年《中国植物志》第76卷第一分册12l页上针对川甘亚菊处理过宽的问题，重新作出了订正。本文确认川甘亚菊、灰叶亚菊、深裂亚菊及下白亚菊分别为不同的种，并作出了这四个种的分种检索表。 相似文献
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15.
石铸 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1993,31(6):533-548
本文采用狭义概念，将苦荬菜类群(Ixeris group)处理为4个属，即苦荬菜属Ixeris Cass．沙苦荬属Chorisis DC．小苦荬属Ixeridium(A．Gray)Tzvel．及黄瓜菜属Paraixeris Nakai并提供了分属、种检索表。文中记载了3个新种及7个新组合种。 相似文献
16.
洪德元 《中国科学院研究生院学报》2001,39(6):544-546
虽然玄参科的马松蒿Xizangia serrata D．Y．Hong与齿叶翅茎草Petrygiella artschioides Hand．-Mazz．系同物异名，但齿叶翅茎草与翅茎草属其余4种植物在习性、叶、花萼等外部形态上有显著差异，在种皮方面的差异尤为突出。马松蒿属Xizangia 作为属的地位是合适的。因此，本文作了一个新组合，即XI-zangia bartschioides(Hand．-Mazz．)D．Y．Hong，而把Ptertrygiella bartschioides Hand．-Mazz．和Xizangia serrata D．Y. Hong均作异名处理。 相似文献
17.
石铸 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1987,25(1):39-49
About 22 species of the genus Scorzonera L. are so far known to occur in China.
Among them, S. pamirica Shih is described as new and 3 species, S. tau-sahyz Lipsch. et Bosse,
S. pubescens DC. and S. transiliensis M. Pop., are new records to China. Four names in the
literature are reduced to synonyms,and some wrong identications in Chinese botanical literature
are pointed out in this work. Some species with considerable variation in morphology, such as,
S. pseudodivaricata Lipsch. and S. sinensis Lipsch. ex Krasch., are also discussed here. 相似文献
18.
石铸 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1987,25(3):189-203
After having examined all specimens of the genus Prenanthes L. of Compositae in
the Herbarium of Institute of Botany, Academia Sinica, I find that the classic concept on the
genus Prenanthes established by G. Bentham in 1873 has not been held exactly by some of Euro-
pean, American, Japanese and Chinese botanists. For example, W. B. Hemsley, S. T. Dunn, A.
Franchet, S. Kitamura and C. C. Chang placed plants from China which belong to other groups
into the genus; I also find that the classic concept of the genus is not clear. The present paper
makes a revision not only on the classic concept of the genus, but also on its concept assumed by
the above-mentionded botanists.
With the combination of numerous (25-35), white or yellow ligular florets, numerous ribs
of achenes, Prenanthes alba L. (Nabalus albus (L.) Shih, comb. nov.) is distinctly different
from Prenanthes purpurea L., which has the combination of purple, few (5-15) ligular flo-
rests and few ribs of achenes. Nabalus Cass., as a genus established early (1825) by H. Cassini,
should be restored. It is not reasonable to treat Nabalus as a subgenus (E. B. Babcock et al.
1947) or a section (S. Kitamura, 1956) or as a synonym (G. Bentham, 1983) of the genus
Preanathes L.
The present author recognizes seven species in the new revised genus Prenanthes L. in
China, 4 of which are described as new. In the genus Nabalus Cass. only one species, N.
ochroleuca Maxim., is distributed in Northeast China.
As Lactuca melanantha Franch. (1895), Prenanthes henryi Dunn (1903), P. glandulosa
Dunn (1903), Lactuca triflora Hemsl. (1888) (it was transferred to Prenanthes L. by C. C.
Chang in 1934), Prenanthes formosana Kitam. (1934) and P. wilsoni Chang (1934) all have
campanulate involucres, purple phyllaries, purple dorsi-ventrally compressed achenes, longitu-
dinal rids 6-9 on each side of achene truncate and beakless at its apex and pilose tubes of co-
rollae, they should be placed neither into the genus Prenanthes with obtusely tri-or pentagonous,
subterete achenes and glabrous tubes of corollae, nor into the genus Lactuca with beak achenes.
Besides the above-mentioned species misnamed by some of foreign and Chinese botanists, 6 other
species also have the same structure in achenes and corollae. Evidently, they fall into a new
genus with the name Notoseris Shih.
The new genus Notoseris Shih of the tribe Lactuceae of Compositae seems to be more re-
miniscent of Lactuca L. than of Prenanthes L. emend.
All the 12 species of the genus Notoseris Shih are endemic to China and distributed in the
area of south of Yantze River. Of them 6 are new combinations and 6 are described as new. 相似文献
19.
石铸 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1988,26(6):418-428
Having mixed extremely various patterns of achenes for a long time in
the genus Lactuca L., especially showed in the classification of it on the mainland of Asia,
Lactuca L., the primary unnatural genus, becomes more nuclear in its limit. The present
paper makes a revision to attempt providing a clear cline between Lactuca L. and its relative
genera.
On my opinion, only plants, represented by Lactuca sativa L., which have ovoid capitu-
lum during its fruiting, numerous (7-25), yellow ligular florets and longitudinal 1-10 ribs
or striae on each side of achenes, acute into filiform beak at its apex, should be defined as
Lactuca L.
In view of the present concept of Lactuca L., another group of plants, embodied by
Lactuca indica L., having its broadening, thin winged-margin of, 1-3 striae on each side of
achenes, black, dorsi-ventral compressed, acute into thick and short beak at its apex, evident-
ly, should not be placed into Lactuca L., but be regarded as genus, i.e. Pterocypsela Shih,
gen. nov. Pterocypsela Shih distributes in Eastern and southern Asia, where Lactuca L. does
not occur. In China there is all of species, seven species, of Pterocypsela Shih. They are P.
raddeana (Maxim.) Shih, P. indica (L.) Shih, P. elata (Hemsl.) Shih P. lacciniata (Houtt.)
Shih, P. triangulata (Maxim.) Shih, P. sonchus (Lévl.) Shih and P. formosana (Maxim.)
Shih, But in Mediterranean regions and Middle and Western Asia mainly distributes Lactu-
ca L., in which there are only seven species from western China, Xijiang autonomic district.
They are L. dolichophylla Kitam., L. sativa L., L. altaica Fisch. et Mey., L. serriola Torner,
L. dissecta Don, L. auriculata DC. and L. undulata Ledb.
With the combination of violet-purple ligular florets non-ovoid capitulum during its
fruiting, a little thick achenes, acuminate into longer. or short beak at its apex and 4-6 ribs
on each side of it, Mulgedium tataricum (L.) DC. is evidently different from Lactuca sativa L.
with combination of ovoid capitulum during its fruiting, yellow ligular florets and compres-
sed achenes, acute into filiform beak at its apex. There seems to be no point in refusing Mu-
lgedium Cass. as a genus. Strictly speak, Mulgedium Cass. seems to be reminiscent of Para-
prenanthes Chang (see bellow) without beak at the apex of its achenes. In Hengduan moun-
tains and mountain range of Himalayas M. tataricum (L.) DC. discoveries its relative par-
tners. They are M. bracteatum (Mook. f. ex. C. B. Clarke) Shih, M. lessertianum (Wall. ex
C. B. Clarke) DC., M. monocephalum (Chang) Shih, M. umbrosum (Dunn) Shih, M. meridi-
onale Shih and M. polypodifolium (Franch.) Shih.
Having broadering and thickening margin and 4-7 striae on each side of achenes, grey,
dorsi-ventral compressed, truncate and beakless at its apex, Lactuca sibirica (L.) Benth. ex
Maxim. (Sonchus sibiricus L.) is not only different from Lactuca sativa L. with the combi-
nation of yellow ligular florets and filiform beak at apex of its achenes, but also from the
genus Mulgedium Cass. with beak at apex of its achenes. Therefore, Lagedium Sojak, establi-
shed by J. Sojak (1961), should be restored. It should be point out that Lagedium Sojak is
monotypic genus excluding Mulgedium tataricum (L.) DC. with beak at the apex of its ache-
nes, non-marginated. Lagedium Sojak widely distributes in temperate and frigid zone of
northern hemisphere. In our country, Lagedium sibiricum (L.) Sojak, sole species of the ge-
nus, restricts its northeast region.
Paraprenanthes Chang, the new genus, established by Ch. Ch. Chang (1950) based on La-
ctuca sororia Miq. and Lactuca yunnanensis Franch. seems to be a distinct genus. This ge-
nus is characterized by 4-6 ribs on each side of achenes, black, fusiform, a little thick and
beakless at its apex. Besides above-mentioned two species, assigned by Chang, in forest of tro-
pic and subtropic zones on the mainland of Asia there are many species with same structure
in achenes like L. sororia Miq. and L. yunnanensis Franch. The genus Paraprenanthes Chang
seems to be reminiscants of Mulgedium Cass. and Lagedium Sojak, but differs from the former
in its beakless achenes, from the later in its non-marginated achenes and 4-6 ribs on each
side of it. In our country, there are all species of the genus known in the tropic and sub-
tropic zones on the mainland of Asia. They are P. sororia (Miq.) Shih, P. yunnanensis (Fra-
nch.) Shih, P. longiloba Ling et Shih, sp. nov., P. heptontha Shih et D. J. Liou, sp. nov., P.
prenanthoides (Hemsl.) Shih, P. pilipes (Migo) Shih, P. thirionii (Lévl.) Shih, P. sylvicola
Shih., sp. nov., P. multiformis Shih, sp. nov., P. auriculiformis Shih, sp. nov. and P. sagitti-
formis Shih, sp. nov. 相似文献
20.
石铸 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1979,17(4):61-71
The present paper is an attempt to propose a preliminary taxomomic treatment of
the genus Hippolytia Poljak. and to analyse the geographical distribution of its com-
posite elements.
This small genus with 17 species is divided into 2 sections, namely, section
Anthodesma Shih and section Hippolytia. Anthodesma is a small section with 3 species
and is characterized by fascicled corymbs, campanulate and nitid involucres, rigidly
herbaceous phyllaries, and undershrubs, while Hippolytia consisting of 14 species is
characterized by corymbose inflorescence or glomerules or compund heads, cuneate and
unpolished involucres, herbaceous phyllaries with pitch black margines.
There are 12 species of Hippolytia in China, of which 3 are proposed as new in the
present paper.
Regarding the distribution pattern of Hippolytia, it is noteworthy to note that its
range of distribution forms a more or less U-shape as shown in map 2. It may be seen
that Hippolytia distributes in Central Asia-Sino-Himalaya-Median Asia. Section Antho-
desma Shih occurs in central Asia, while section Hippolytia in the whole Himalayan
region and northern Meridional Ranges and Median Asia.
There seems to be no center of species concentration within the total range of
Hippolytia, whose species are localized in distribution, for example, H. desmantha Shih
is known only from Qinghai provence (Yu-Shu-Hsien), H. alashanensis (Ling) Shih
is restricted to Ninghsia and central part of Kansu provence. It is interesting to note
that H. yunnanensis (J. F. Jeffrey) Shih and H. longifolia (Wall.) Shih are referred
to as vicarious species. The localization of the species distribution and the obvious
discontinuity of morphological characters between species indicate a remarkable geogra-
phical influence on the species formation of Hippolytia.
Hippolytia is an alpine genus of temperate zone of Asia, in which 64 per cent of
species occurs at high elevations of above 3300m. altitude, 30 per cent of species are
distributed in middle elevations of above 2200m. altitude. The life forms are micro-
undershrubs, erect perennial herbs, glomerule stemless herbs or stemless herbs. It is very
possible that its geographical origin and development may be linked up with occurance
of desert steppe, especially of alpine meadow vegetations in the northern temperate
zone of Asia.
With regard to the geographical elements to which each species of Hippolytia
belongs, it seems to indicate that H. trifida (Turcz.) Poljak., H. alashanensis (Ling)
Shih and H. desmantha Shih belong to the geographical elements of central Asia,
while H. yunnanensis (J. F. Jeffrey) Shih, H. glomerata Shih, H. tomentosa (DC.)
Tzvel., H. senecionis (Bess.) Poljak. H. longifolia (Wall.) Shih, H. kennedayi (Dunn)
Ling, H. syncalathiformis Shih, H. gossypina (Hook. f. et Thoms.) Shih and H. nana
(C. B. Clarke) Shih to Himalayan elements, and H. darvasica (C. Winkl.) Poljak., H.
megacephala (Rupr.) Poljak,, H. herderi (Rgl. et Schmalh.) Poljak. to Median Asia, H.
delavayi (W. W. Smith) Shih to North-West-Yunna.
相似文献