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1.
分析中国医药领域专利知识吸收和扩散演化规律及知识吸收对知识扩散影响,有助于快速选择并吸收相关资源,为加大基础研究投入强度提供数据支撑,为科技资源整合策略提供支持。本文以2000—2014年美国专利商标局收录的中国医药领域2326件专利及其引用的43 822篇专利文献、35 573篇论文文献为研究对象,从专利知识吸收及知识扩散两个角度出发,采用多元方差分析、零膨胀负二项回归及多元线性回归进行多维度分析。结果表明：专利知识吸收逐年增加,但知识扩散并未形成稳定趋势;不同时间段内知识吸收及扩散各测度指标显著不同;专利文献知识吸收数量、质量及论文文献知识吸收质量均对专利知识扩散产生负向影响;吸收论文知识构件对专利知识扩散产生正向影响;吸收论文数量与知识扩散广度、强度负相关;吸收专利知识构件与知识扩散广度正相关,但与知识扩散强度与速度均无相关关系;专利及论文文献知识吸收新颖性对知识扩散广度、强度及速度均无影响。 相似文献
2.
《Research Policy》2022,51(1):104375
This paper investigates whether board directors interlocked with or employed by innovative firms affect start-up firms’ propensity to be innovators themselves. Drawing upon a sample of more than 50,000 Swedish start-up firms, we find that board connections to incumbent innovators have a causal impact on the new firms’ probability to apply for patents. The results are robust when controlling for industry, geography, firm age, as well as spillovers through worker and managerial mobility, external knowledge sourcing through patent disclosure, access to venture capital and board attributes. 相似文献
3.
Despite the economic significance of patented university research, it is difficult to measure the economic value of academic patented inventions and observe the extent to which universities are able to capture such value through patent licensing. Moving beyond assessing commercialization performance by simple statistics, we propose a new approach to benchmarking university patents and commercialization performance based on comparative corporate patent value. Our procedure involves matching university patents to patents with similar patent characteristics granted to public corporations, then estimating the “potential value” of these university patents by stock market reactions to grants of the matched corporate patents. These estimated values of university patents can significantly explain the technology-level income from licensing by a leading US research university and the annual licensing income of the member universities of the Association of University Technology Managers’ (AUTM). We find that AUTM universities realize an average of 16% of the estimated value of matched corporate patents. We also investigate correlates of university‐level potential patent value and suggest avenues for future research. 相似文献
4.
This paper examines the intertemporal returns of patented inventions using estimates of patent value obtained from German employee inventors’ compensation records. The paper finds heterogeneity in the mean age and dispersion of the annual returns by technology and cumulative patent value. While the returns earned by most patents dissipate rapidly, high valued patents tend to receive significant returns through the latter part of the patent term. These high valued patents which account for the vast majority of the realized returns, further can be identified based on past returns, relatively early in the patent term. These findings suggest that while shortening the length of the patent term could substantially reduce realized returns, graduated maintenance fees may not adversely affect returns, as firms would be able to identify and selectively renew the subset of high valued patents. 相似文献
5.
Markus Reitzig 《Research Policy》2003,32(1):13-26
This paper contributes to an understanding which impacts certain patent characteristics have on the value of patent rights. In an exploratory study, 127 individual patents from a semiconductor company were evaluated comprehensively by technical and marketing representatives. The analysis of this rare data shows that for patents used as “bargaining chips”, novelty and inventive activity are most important. Difficulty of inventing around and disclosure turn out to be of limited importance. Due to a selection bias the influence of patent age on its value cannot be determined. The results hint at a differentiated theoretical plausibility of value indicators. 相似文献
6.
Jesse Giummo 《Research Policy》2010,39(7):969-984
This paper uses a novel data source, namely German employee inventors’ compensation records compiled in compliance with the German Employee Invention Act of 1957 to estimate the returns to patented inventions. In contrast to patent value estimates obtained from surveys and renewals, these records primarily provide a measure of the value of the use of the invention and not the value of patent protection. While indicators of patent value explain much of the variation in these patent value estimates, the values are only weakly correlated with the estimated renewal value of the patents. The distribution of patent value from these records is highly skew, with the vast majority of the returns earned by a select set of high valued patents, consistent with finding for other measures of patent value. The value estimates however are considerably lower than recent survey estimates with most of the patents having little or no realized value, suggesting that the returns appropriated through the use of an invention may represent only a fraction of the value of a patented invention. 相似文献
7.
技术锁定视角下的专利价值影响因素分析 《科学学研究》2022,40(6):1024-1033
[目的/意义]燃料电池作为新能源产业的核心部件，培育并评价其高价值专利对于我国突破国外“技术锁定”，对实现技术创新驱动新能源产业发展具有重大意义。[方法/过程]基于INNOJOY专利数据库，选取了燃料电池作为研究对象，采用主客观赋权方法与Cox比例风险回归模型等探究了技术锁定视角下的专利价值的影响因素。[结果/结论]结果表明：（1）技术锁定对专利价值的抑制作用显著；（2）引证数、被引证数与同族数均对专利价值的促进作用显著，权利要求数对专利价值的抑制作用显著，而IPC分类数对专利价值不具有显著效应。在丰富了专利价值研究的同时，为我国突破“技术锁定”，进而实现专利强国的目标提供相应建议。 相似文献
8.
The value of patented innovations has attracted substantial research attention, especially in the context of patent renewal. However, research often assumes that a firm's patented innovations are independent from each other. We draw upon evolutionary economics and suggest that some of a firm's patents share important genealogical relationships, which we refer to as internal sequential innovations. We propose internal sequential innovations are more valuable and therefore more likely to be renewed than stand-alone innovations. We examine our hypotheses from a dataset of US pharmaceutical and biotechnology patents. The results confirm our hypotheses at both the patent and the firm levels. 相似文献
9.
为了把握我国钢铁企业技术竞争力现状, 从德温特专利数据库中检索73家国内重点钢铁企业的专利, 选取其中专利申请数在300件以上的16家企业作为研究对象, 从历年专利申请数、专利被引情况、高被引专利、IPC分类号4个方面对16家钢铁企业的技术竞争力进行了研究, 结果表明:宝钢、鞍钢和武钢具有雄厚的专利技术竞争力。用德温特手工代码共现分析法识别出钢铁领域2008-2013年专利技术的研究热点为合金钢和低碳技术等, 研究结果可为企业明确自身所处的专利技术竞争地位以及确定未来技术研发方向提供参考。 相似文献
10.
专利丛林是企业在创新活动中必须关注的技术陷阱之一。专利越分散、专利权的交叉和重叠现象越严重,专利丛林越多。对专利丛林进行识别和分析可以有助于相关企业预测及规避本技术领域潜在的专利风险,在一定程度上减少技术创新中的障碍。本文拟以高铁制动技术为例,以小见大,对高铁技术领域的专利丛林问题展开研究。利用专利引证三元组计算法对高铁制动技术领域的专利丛林进行测量和识别。随后,基于有效专利时间序列的系统聚类分析,分析高铁制动技术领域对专利丛林演变进程。实证分析结果显示,高铁技术领域存在专利丛林问题,在经历了专利丛林的萌芽期、成长期及成熟期后,现阶段正处于专利丛林的衰退期。 相似文献
11.
《Research Policy》2019,48(7):1601-1616
This article provides new evidence on the patent trading flows of small and large firms. We document aggregate patterns of patent sales and acquisitions of small and large firms. We also examine the extent to which the initial innovator's and the potential buyers’ prior knowledge stocks in the same technology area and in geographical proximity with a patented invention are associated with the likelihood that the patent is sold, and whether the patent sold is bought by a small or large firm. To do so, we develop a dataset that matches patent sales and information on whether transacted patents are owned by small or large firms following a patent sale. 相似文献
12.
《Research Policy》2022,51(10):104600
Innovative industries need efficient markets for technology (MFTs). One determinant of MFT efficiency neglected until now is licensing level—that is, the level in the value chain where patents are licensed. Patents may be licensed upstream, to firms that put the patented knowledge into practice. I refer to this as integrated licensing. Alternatively, patents may be licensed further downstream in the value chain, in particular to makers of final devices. I call this bifurcated licensing since it separates intellectual property rights from the technical knowledge they cover. I study the licensing level of essential patents on communication standards such as LTE and Wi-Fi in relation to the Internet of Things (IoT). The choice of licensing level in this context is currently a hotly debated topic. To show how bifurcated licensing affects MFT efficiency, I present empirical evidence from a qualitative study comprising interviews with 30 individuals from 22 diverse firms, focusing on startups. IoT device makers clearly find the uncertainty regarding infringement, patent validity, and the licensing process hinders efficient licensing, which is compounded by the large number of IoT device makers and, for SMEs and startups, by resource constraints. As a theory contribution, I show that a patent's licensing level need not correspond with the implementation level of the patented knowledge—in other words, licensing may be bifurcated rather than integrated. I develop a model of how licensing level affects MFT efficiency. Implications for practice are that device-level licensing of standard-essential patents (SEPs), if broadly implemented, would have a negative effect on innovation and entrepreneurship in the IoT. Policymakers should ensure that SEP licensing is simplified. 相似文献
13.
以往域外在华专利的研究往往限于专利申请层面,并没有揭示后续的转让行为。研究域外在华专利转让网络及相关特征,有助于我们正确把握在华专利申请的后续活动、客观评价域外在华专利申请对中国的技术创新发挥的作用。利用美国"数字通信"领域在华专利转让数据,构建了不同发展阶段的专利转让网络;深度分析了网络演进特征与趋势、网络中的关键主体、主体国别、主体集聚度和转让时间等特征;并预测了美国在华专利未来的转让趋势。研究结果揭示了美国对其拥有知识产权的重要领域专利技术的严格掌控、将数字通信领域的专利与垄断联系起来,用以限制竞争、占领市场,轻易不会将专利转让给中国企业。美国最近10年在华获得的授权专利的显著增长必定带来下一步越来越多的在华专利转让行为的发生。 相似文献
14.
《Research Policy》2023,52(2):104670
Encouraging disclosure is important for the patent system, yet the technical information in patent applications is often inadequate. We use algorithms from computational linguistics to quantify the effectiveness of disclosure in patent applications. Relying on the expectation that universities have more ability and incentive to disclose their inventions than corporations, we analyze 64 linguistic measures of patent applications, and show that university patents are more readable by 0.4 SD of a synthetic measure of readability. Results are robust to controlling for non-disclosure-related invention heterogeneity. The linguistic metrics are evaluated by a panel of “expert” student engineers and further examined by USPTO 112(a) – lack of disclosure – rejection. The ability to quantify disclosure opens new research paths and potentially facilitates improvement of disclosure. 相似文献
15.
基于国家专利知识产权局的专利信息系统,对移动智能终端产业发展情况进行全面的分析。在对该产业专利产出态势、专利类别、专利技术、龙头企业的研发重点、专利合作、主流产品等方面的分析基础上,给出我国移动智能终端产业发展的相关策略。 相似文献
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Scientific breakthroughs coming from universities can contribute to the emergence of new industries, such as in the case of biotechnology. Obviously, not all research conducted in universities leads to a radical change from existing technological trajectories. Patents and patent dynamics have long been recognized as critical in understanding the emergence of new technologies and industries. Specifically, patent citations provide insight into the originality of a discovery that has received patent protection. Yet while a large body of literature addresses the impact of patent originality on various firm performance measures, we address the question of what conditions drive patent originality in the process of knowledge creation within the university. Using data on patented cancer research, we examine how research context – as reflected by the funding source for each scientist – is associated with patent originality. We find that when university scientists are partly funded by their own university, they have a higher propensity to generate more original patents. By contrast, university scientists funded either by industry or other non-university organizations have a lower propensity to generate more original patents. The significance of our findings in the cancer research setting call for further research on this question in other research fields. 相似文献
18.
《Research Policy》2023,52(9):104854
How patents affect follow-on innovation is a key question for the patent system. We disaggregate follow-on innovation into activities that infringe patents and others that do not infringe but can be indirectly affected by patents. Replicating an important study using our disaggregated measure, we find that 87 percent of follow-on scientific publications describing patented genes do not constitute patent infringement. Supplementing our empirical strategy with data on patent expiration dates, we find that gene patents which are not close to expiration cause an increase in noninfringing follow-on research, but the effect disappears for patents close to expiration. Our nuanced measure helps better identify the mechanisms of patents’ effect, reconcile disparate results in the literature, and evaluate policy reform. 相似文献
19.
[目的/意义] 我国专利数量巨大,但质量高低不齐。高质量专利对技术追踪、技术引进和资产管理极其重要,低质劣质专利则会阻碍科技创新的评估。聚焦高质量专利并进行挖掘可以获取更加深层与核心的情报,但高质量专利筛选却如"大海捞针",目前尚无可行的识别筛选方法。探索适合中国专利的高质量专利评价模型及筛选方法迫在眉睫。[方法/过程] 通过文献调研法对当前专利质量及评价进行综合归纳的基础上,延伸并界定高质量专利的内涵,对专利质量评价维度及指标进行创新拓展,构建分级、分层的多维视角专利质量评价指标体系,并基于创新指标体系建立高质量专利识别方法流程模型,最后以上海市高质量专利分布现状为例验证了方法模型的实用性及可行性,并为创新主体提出相应建议。[结果/结论] 研究结果表明本文提出的高质量专利指标模型及识别方法具有较强的科学性和可操作性,利用该指标模型和识别方法可对某地区或某领域的大批量专利进行筛选识别,为实现专利技术情报的科学高效利用提供有价值的参考。 相似文献