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1.
给出了独立同分布随机误差情形下在非参数回归中最近邻中位数估计的强相合性和渐近正态性。  相似文献   

2.
在普通物理实验中,常用误差来表示测量结果。在什么条件下是可行的呢?有些实验教材忽视了必要的条件,盲目要求用误差来表示测量结果,这很不妥。笔者就这一问题谈一点看法。物理实验可以设法使系统误差降到最小,测量结果主要还存在随机误差。它的存在是不可避免的,要减小它对测量结果影响,只能进行多次重复测量,对物理量重复测量几次,随机误差的分布服从统计规律的正态分布,它的几率分布密度函数为  相似文献   

3.
本文讨论了线性模型当随机误差为位置分布族时参数的同变估计,并给出了最优同变估计(MREE),结果表明线性模型参数的最优同变估计与最小二乘估计是一致的.  相似文献   

4.
利用掷骰子的方法模拟了不同类型的测量误差,且通过实例,对均匀分布、三角分布、正态分布的随机误差进行模拟,对其数字特征与对应不确定度进行印证,并提出了用掷骰子的方法产生给定数学期望与方差的正态随机数的模拟法。  相似文献   

5.
以大学物理实验中的单摆周期测量、螺线管霍尔效应和单摆简谐运动为例,探讨了Python语言在随机误差分布规律、数据回归分析和机械运动模拟中的应用方法。研究表明,Python处理实验数据的方法简便灵活,表征数据图形直观明了,适宜推广使用。  相似文献   

6.
测量误差的合成,是《互换性与技术测量》教材第三章中的一个重要内容。在测量过程中,可能同时存在系统误差、随机误差和粗大误差。当粗大误差剔除后,决定测量精度的主要因素是系统误差和随机误差。这些不同类型的误差,由于共性质不同,对测量结果的影响也不同,因而相应的合成原则也不同。严格地讲,对同类型误差由于分布不同,合成方法也应不同。所以除了要区分误差的类型以外,还应指明各误差分量的分布规律。我们教材中讨论的都是正态分布。  相似文献   

7.
针对多元线性回归方程的显著性检验问题,在随机误差服从任意分布的假设下,运用线性模型和随机变量二次型的相关理论,推导出总离差平方和分解式中各分量的数学期望,进而从定量的角度说明回归方程显著性检验中所取拒绝域的合理性。  相似文献   

8.
在用单摆测重力加速度的实验中,为了能够快速得到实验结果的准确性,文章提出了应用origin软件给出测量过程中随机误差的表达方法,用相关系数来表示单摆法测重力加速度实验中的随机误差大小.该方法简单方便,并且能够直观地反映出实验数据的可靠性.  相似文献   

9.
等值误差理论与我国高考等值的误差控制   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
测验等值误差有随机误差和系统误差两种。随机误差的产生来自于抽样,其大小主要受样本容量影响,有两种估计等值随机误差的方法。系统误差产生的原因比较复杂,有些系统误差可采用一定的办法予以估计,有些系统误差是无法估计的。我国高考等值的前期工作已经在方案设计、数据采集、锚题编制、等值关系计算等方面努力贯彻了误差控制思想,取得了较好效果。建议今后应采用预估样本容量,有计划更换锚题、精心设计等值路径、选择适当的平滑曲线次数等技术措施更有效地控制高考等值误差  相似文献   

10.
针对测定电子的电荷量的密立根油滴实验,分析该实验误差产生的原因,根据误差传递和随机误差的统计分析理论给出总的随机误差.在数据处理过程中应用肖维勒准则推导出异常数值的判断和剔除的方法.  相似文献   

11.
The primary purpose of this study was to estimate the amount of variability in the proportions of students in a school district, scoring within each of three achievement levels that could be attributed to factors other than random sampling error. The approach taken is based on a general conceptual framework that collectively incorporates five sources of variability: instructional intervention, random sampling error, measurement error, equating error, and systematic error. Statewide school-level assessment data for reading and mathematics in grades four and eight from four consecutive years were used to examine annual grade-group change. The intent was to assess the impact of random sampling error in grade-group change estimates when either single-year proportions or 2-year average proportions are used to report school improvement with achievement levels. Observed variability in change was compared with theoretically-derived estimates of change due to random sampling error to determine the relative influence of sampling error and the aggregate of the other four sources of variability. Results indicate that the error variance of estimates of change at the school level is large enough to interfere with interpretations of annual change estimates. Recommendations are offered for establishing annual improvement goals and for reporting results with achievement levels-all in the context of adequate yearly progress (AYP)-while taking error estimates into account.  相似文献   

12.
在实际应用中,测量误差二次多项式回归模型随机误差方差σc^2的值经常是不能确定的,这给模型进一步处理带来麻烦,我们从收集的样本(Xt,Yt),t=1,2,…,n,定义一个函数来估计一的值,进而得到一的相合估计值。  相似文献   

13.
“误差和数据处理”是分析化学数材中的重要部分,近年来教材中内容变化较大。本文就这方面的内容、重点和关键问题作了讨论。误差是测定值与真实值之差,表示测定的准确度;偏差是测定值与平均值之差,表示测定的精密度,二者既有联系又有差别。按高斯误差分布方程作图可得偶然误差的正态分布曲线,根据方程和曲线可得偶然误差的分布规律,可求出偶然误差出现的概率,从概率可得到平均值的置信区间。  相似文献   

14.
利用理论与实验相结合的方法,对采用共振干涉法测量空气中的声速进行了大量的实验,并对实验数据进行了详细的数据处理和误差计算。通过对测量误差的系统分析和研究,提出了声速测量中减小系统误差和随机误差的有效措施和测量方法。  相似文献   

15.
Smoothing is designed to yield smoother equating results that can reduce random equating error without introducing very much systematic error. The main objective of this study is to propose a new statistic and to compare its performance to the performance of the Akaike information criterion and likelihood ratio chi-square difference statistics in selecting the smoothing parameter for polynomial loglinear equating under the random groups design. These model selection statistics were compared for four sample sizes (500, 1,000, 2,000, and 3,000) and eight simulated equating conditions, including both conditions where equating is not needed and conditions where equating is needed. The results suggest that all model selection statistics tend to improve the equating accuracy by reducing the total equating error. The new statistic tended to have less overall error than the other two methods.  相似文献   

16.
本文从算术平均法的使用而想到找出它的数学方面的合理解释。误差作为一个连续随机变量且服从正态分布,根据误差落在误差限度内的概率进行分析。  相似文献   

17.
The impact of log‐linear presmoothing on the accuracy of small sample chained equipercentile equating was evaluated under two conditions . In the first condition the small samples differed randomly in ability from the target population. In the second condition the small samples were systematically different from the target population. Results showed that equating with small samples (e.g., N < 25 or 50) using either raw or smoothed score distributions led to considerable large random equating error (although smoothing reduced random equating error). Moreover, when the small samples were not representative of the target population, the amount of equating bias also was quite large. It is concluded that although presmoothing can reduce random equating error, it is not likely to reduce equating bias caused by using an unrepresentative sample. Other alternatives to the small sample equating problem (e.g., the SiGNET design) which focus more on improving data collection are discussed.  相似文献   

18.
基于一平稳随机信号的后向线性预测器及其AR参数模型,研究它们的统一性.理论研究结果表明:对于一平稳随机信号的m阶后向线性预测器的最小均方误差Jmin等于m阶AR模型激励白嗓声的能量.  相似文献   

19.
RS码是一类重要的线性分组码,具有很强的纠错能力,被广泛地应用于各种现代通信系统中.本文在分析有限域运算的基础上,设计了一种能纠正一位错误的RS(10,8)编码器,并给出了FPGA实现过程.  相似文献   

20.
利用锥理论和非对称迭代法,讨论了随机单调增算子在非连续性条件和紧性条件下的随机不动点的存在性、惟一性,同时给出了迭代序列收敛于解的误差估计。  相似文献   

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