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1.
David A. Tandberg 《Research in higher education》2010,51(5):416-450
State support of public higher education has rapidly declined relative to total state spending. Much of this decline in support
is due to the rapid growth in spending on such things as Medicaid. However, relative support of public higher education varies
significantly between states. This study applies Tandberg’s (2009) fiscal policy framework created to explain state support of public higher education in order to evaluate the relationship
between various factors and states’ relative support of higher education. While Tandberg’s fiscal policy framework accounts
for traditional economic and demographic factors in explaining state support for higher education, it also draws attention
to political influences as well including the impact of state-level interest groups. Using cross-sectional time-series analysis
these relationships are explored over a 19-year period. The findings provide evidence of the significant impact of interest
groups and politics on state fiscal policy in regard to higher education. 相似文献
2.
Barbara Garrick 《The Australian Educational Researcher》2011,38(4):401-416
In 2007 the Rudd Labor government in Australia introduced significant changes to education policy for the nation. The Skilling Australia’s Future (Rudd et al. Skilling Australia for the future. Election 2007 policy document, 2007) policy was meant to redress a perceived failure by the previous Howard federal Liberal-National Coalition
governments to fund and manage vocational skills training adequately. The Skilling Australia’s Future policy established a number of areas for immediate action. This paper looks at one of these areas from the policy document,
namely, the Rudd government’s plan for addressing skills shortages (Rudd et al. 2007, pp. 4–9) through the establishment of Trade Training Centres in schools. The policy is analysed using Critical Discourse
Analysis, featuring the semiotic concept of intertextuality. Findings from the application of this method suggest that Skilling Australia’s Future (2007) belongs within a history of like-minded policy and, although a new direction is provided by the allocation of Trade
Training Centres to selected high schools, the policy is not clearly separable from the market-driven discourse that has pervaded
education policy since the 1990s. 相似文献
3.
The internationalization of Canadian university research: a global higher education matrix analysis of multi-level governance 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
To date, much of the research on internationalization and globalization of higher education has focused on the institution
or higher education system as the unit of analysis. Institution based studies have focused on the analysis of institutional
practices and policies designed to further internationalization. System-level studies focus on state policy initiatives or
approaches. In this paper we explore the inter-relationships among multiple levels of authority within a higher education
system through an analysis of research policies and activities related to internationalization. While we are interested in
the internationalization of university research, our primary objective is to explore the relationships between policy initiatives
and approaches at different levels. Using the “Global Higher Education Matrix” as a framework, we discuss the policy emphasis
on the internationalization of research at the federal, provincial (Ontario), and institutional levels of authority, as well
as the international research activities associated with two large professional schools operating at the understructure level.
By focusing on the inter-relationships among initiatives at different levels of authority, this study explores the complexity
of policy perspectives within the internationalization of research in the context of multi-level governance. 相似文献
4.
Joan Abbott-Chapman 《The Australian Educational Researcher》2011,38(1):57-71
Research studies of post-school education and training conducted in Australia and internationally have revealed a mosaic of students’ education and employment experiences, with a multiplicity of nonlinear pathways. These tend to be more fragmentary
for disadvantaged students, especially those of low socio-economic background, rural students, and mature aged students seeking
a ‘second chance’ education. Challenges faced by students in their transitions to higher education are made more complex because
of the intersection of vertical stratification created by institutional and sectoral status hierarchies and segmentation,
especially relating to ‘academic’ and ‘vocational’ education and training, and the horizontal stratification of regional,
rural and remote locations in which students live. If we are to achieve the equity goals set by the Bradley Review (Bradley
et al., Review of Australian Higher Education Final Report, 2008) we need to acknowledge and work with the complex realities of disadvantaged students’ situations, starting at the school
level. Interrelated factors at the individual, community and institutional level which continue to inhibit student take-up
of higher education places are discussed in the context of discursive constructions of ‘disadvantage’ and ‘choice’ in late
modernity. Research highlights the need to facilitate students’ post-school transitions by developing student resilience,
institutional responsiveness and policy reflexivity through transformative education. 相似文献
5.
Karen L. Webber 《Research in higher education》2012,53(2):201-228
Over a decade ago, Barr and Tagg (Change Mag 27(6):12–25, 1995) declared that a shift had occurred in higher education from an instruction paradigm to a learning paradigm. A central element
in this new paradigm is learner-centered assessment. While a growing body of literature suggests that this approach to assessment
is a best practice in higher education pedagogy, it is still unclear whether faculty members have embraced it fully. Using
data from the National Study of Postsecondary Faculty, this study examines the extent to which faculty members employed learner-centered assessments in postsecondary classrooms
at two points in time, 1993 and 2004. Findings show similar to higher rates of use for some assessment techniques in 2004
compared to reports from 1993, as well as differences by faculty gender, age, discipline, and institution type. Implications
for faculty members, student learning, and institutional policy are discussed. 相似文献
6.
This article presents recent reform processes in Japanese higher education, concerning the tensions emerging within the system
regarding ‘excellence’ and ‘diversity’. The article particularly focuses on how Japanese universities have reacted to the
recent ‘competition’ and ‘differentiation’ policy promoted by the government, drawing on recent survey results conducted with
academic managers at Japanese universities. It is interesting to examine the case of Japan, a historically diversified and
differentiated national system, which has been changing rapidly with recent national ‘top-down’ policy reforms, followed by
more recent and new bottom-up institutional initiatives. The study shows that universities are trying to achieve excellence, fulfilling different functions at the same time, aspiring to be excellent in teaching, research and social contribution
without having institutional capacity to meet these expectations. Appropriate internal governance and external mediation mechanisms
need to be created at the institutional level to manage diversification of the higher education system as a whole. 相似文献
7.
It is impossible to consider contemporary science education in isolation from globalisation as the dominant logic, rethinking
and reconfiguring social and cultural life in which it is located. Carter (J Res Sci Teach 42, 561–580, 2005) calls for a close reading of policy documents, curriculum projects, research studies and a range of other science education
texts using key concepts from globalisation theory to elucidate the ways in which globalisation shapes and is expressed within
science education. In this paper, we consider an example from our own practice of a school-based curriculum project, Sustainable Living by the Bay, as one such instance. The first section reviews neoliberalism and neoconservativism necessary to understand how globalisation
penetrates education, while the second outlines aspects of the curriculum project itself. As there were many different facets
to the development and implementation of a project like Sustainable Living by the Bay, there is space only to elaborate two examples of the globalisation discourse. The first example concerns the government policy
initiative that funded the project while the second example focuses on learner- centred pedagogies as globalisation’s pedagogies
of choice. 相似文献
8.
Dawn Del Carlo Holly Hinkhouse Leah Isbell 《Journal of Science Education and Technology》2010,19(1):58-68
This paper outlines the connection between qualitative research methods in education and teacher reflective practices as they
relate to Valli’s (Reflective teacher education: cases and critiques. State University of New York Press, Albany, 1992; Peabody J Educ 72(1): 67–88, 1997) model of reflection. Using the authors’ own experiences in performing and guiding educational research, and existing research
in the field of teacher education pertaining to reflective practitioners, explicit connections are made between the two paradigms.
These connections illustrate the importance of integrating authentic research experiences into the teacher education curriculum
outside the context of methods courses, much like models established in the sciences. 相似文献
9.
10.
Hayo Siemsen 《Science & Education》2012,21(4):447-484
George Sarton had a strong influence on modern history of science. The method he pursued throughout his life was the method
he had discovered in Ernst Mach’s Mechanics when he was a student in Ghent. Sarton was in fact throughout his life implementing a research program inspired by the epistemology
of Mach. Sarton in turn inspired many others (James Conant, Thomas Kuhn, Gerald Holton, etc.). What were the origins of these
ideas in Mach and what can this origin tell us about the history of science and science education nowadays? Which ideas proved
to be successful and which ones need to be improved upon? The following article will elaborate the epistemological questions,
which Darwin’s “Origin” raised concerning human knowledge and scientific knowledge and which led Mach to adapt the concept
of what is “empirical” in contrast to metaphysical a priori assumptions a second time after Galileo. On this basis Sarton
proposed “genesis and development” as the major goal of Isis. Mach had elaborated this epistemology in La Connaissance et l’Erreur (Knowledge and Error), which Sarton read in 1913 (Hiebert 1905/1976; de Mey 1984). Accordingly for Sarton, history becomes not only a subject of science, but a method of science education. Culture—and science
as part of culture—is a result of a genetic process. History of science shapes and is shaped by science and science education
in a reciprocal process. Its epistemology needs to be adapted to scientific facts and the philosophy of science. Sarton was
well aware of the need to develop the history of science and the philosophy of science along the lines of this reciprocal
process. It was a very fruitful basis, but a specific part of it, Sarton did not elaborate further, namely the psychology
of science education. This proved to be a crucial missing element for all of science education in Sarton’s succession, especially
in the US. Looking again at the origins of the central questions in the thinking of Mach, which provided the basis and gave
rise to Sarton’s research program, will help in resolving current epistemic and methodological difficulties, contradictions
and impasses in science education influenced by Sarton. The difficulties in science education will prevail as long as the
omissions from their Machian origins are not systematically recovered and reintegrated. 相似文献
11.
Jonathan Wee Pin GOH 《Higher Education》2009,58(2):131-155
A generally held view among international managers is that the cultural changes occurring in most modernizing societies may
lead to similar outcomes and the erosion of cultural differences. Cultural convergence is posited to result from the homogenizing
effect of technological transfers between societies. One major force which emerges from this technology transfer is the convergence
of education (Webber 1969). The purpose of this study is to investigate the convergence of Masters of Business Administration (MBA) education along
Hofstede’s (1997, 2001) five work-related cultural dimensions across Australia and Singapore. The pre-test and post-test quasi experimental design
with control groups was employed. The findings revealed that there are convergences along Hofstede’s Individualism, Uncertainly Avoidance and Power Distance. However, the Singapore Chinese scored significantly higher on Long versus Short-term Orientation (or Confucian Work Dynamism) at both time points. 相似文献
12.
Amy Liu 《Higher Education》2011,62(4):383-397
Framed by historical and contemporary discussions, this article reviews the principal foundations of meritocracy and uses
the public University of California system as a point of departure for examining the connection between meritocracy and higher
education within the context of the United States. Through consideration of four dimensions that inform the concept of meritocracy—merit,
distributive justice, equality of opportunity, and social mobility—this review examines the underlying tenets of meritocracy
to better understand how higher education functions within it. In The Coming of Post-Industrial Society, Daniel Bell (1973) suggested that higher education would become a “defensive necessity.” However, if colleges and universities are to serve
as instruments for creating and expanding opportunity, then higher education must be more profound than simply being reduced
to “defensive necessity,” and it is important for researchers to examine more closely the theoretical concerns of meritocracy
and the higher education implications. 相似文献
13.
Evelyne Barbin 《Educational Studies in Mathematics》2007,66(2):225-242
Simplicity arguments are to be found in most geometrical works, from those of Proclus in his Commentaries on the First Book of Euclid’s Elements, up to those of contemporary manuals. Our goal is to read these arguments in their historical contexts to analyze agreements,
disagreements and the multiplicity of points of view. For a better apprehension and a better understanding of the different
conceptions, we will focus on the notion of angles and their measurements. We will study the notion of ≪ simplicity ≫ in various Elements of Geometry, in particular those of Euclid, Peletier du Mans (1628), Arnauld (1667), Lacroix (1803) and Hoüel (1867). From there, we will examine French schoolbooks of geometry, beginning from the 1960s up to the 1990s, including those of
the so-called period of ≪la réforme des mathématiques modernes≫ in France. 相似文献
14.
J. Manuel Galvin Arribas 《European Journal of Education》2016,51(4):495-512
This article analyses moves towards good multilevel governance approaches in Vocational Education and Training (VET) as an effective way to improve VET policy making in transition and developing countries, focusing on the Southern Neighbourhood of the EU (ENPI South). The centralised approaches in public administration and to VET governance still prevail in this region. The new modes of governance applied by the EU in the policy area of education and training are based on the Open Method of Coordination (OMC). They are a source of inspiration to improve VET governance, taking into account the complexity of VET policies and systems. According to current European and international experiences, the most effective, relevant and attractive VET models and systems are demand‐driven. They rely on the effective and accountable participation of both state (national/local public actors) and non‐state VET stakeholders (e.g. employers, sectoral actors, unions) in decision‐making and policy implementation processes. This could also pave the way towards self‐governed and performance‐based VET provider institutions which would give quicker responses to rapidly changing labour market skills, competences and qualification needs. Thus, this means putting in practice more and better inclusion and effective cooperation and coordination of regional and local voices of VET actors and developing stronger social partnerships to engage employers, unions and civil society in shaping and investing in skills development. Furthermore, the role of methodological tools for VET governance is not only to provide an analytical ground to capture data and structure further policy advice. These tools can also be used as ice‐breakers to improve collaboration, inclusiveness, multi‐participation and trust‐building among policy makers as they work together on very sensitive issues such as reviewing country VET governance models, modes and institutional arrangements, and/or planning policy thinking and/or learning for implementing coordination mechanisms for VET policy making. The European Training Foundation (ETF) has implemented a methodology to map, analyse and self‐assess good multilevel governance in VET, inspired by how EU governance soft tools in education and training are being used. This methodology has been applied to the Governance for Employability in the Mediterranean (GEMM) project in the ENPI South region, which is a regional project implemented by the ETF and financed by the European Commission's Directorate General for Neighbourhood and Enlargements Negotiations (NEAR). 相似文献
15.
Jane A. Van Galen 《The Urban Review》2010,42(4):253-270
This paper explores the possibilities of working with White, working-class teacher education students to explore the “complex
social trajectory” (Reay in Women’s Stud Int Forum 20(2):225–233, 1997a, p. 19) of class border crossing as they progress through college. Through analysis of a course that I have developed, Education and the American Dream, I explore political and pedagogical issues in teaching the thousands of teacher education students who are the first in
their families to attend college about social class. Arguing that faculty in teacher education too often disregard the significance
of deep class differences between themselves and many of their students, I propose that teacher education include coursework
in which upwardly-mobile students (a) draw upon their distinctive perspectives as class border-crossers to elucidate their
“complex social positioning as a complicated amalgam of current privilege interlaced with historic disadvantage” (Reay in
Women’s Stud Int Forum 20(2):225–233, 1997a, p. 25) and (b) complicate what Adair and Dahlberg (Pedagogy 1:173–175, 2001, p. 174) have termed a cultural “impulse to frame class mobility as a narrative of moral progress”. Such coursework, I suggest,
has implications for the development of teacher leaders in stratified schools. The paper draws upon the literatures on social
class and educational attainment, on the construction of classed identities in spite of silence about class in public and
academic discourse, and on pedagogies for teaching across class differences. 相似文献
16.
Examining Herzberg’s Theory: Improving Job Satisfaction among Non-academic Employees at a University
This study reports the results of a survey of 2700 employees in business operations at a large public, research university.
The analysis tests Herzberg et al.’s (1959) well-known, duality theory of motivators and hygiene factors and the impact of personal characteristics and job characteristics
on perceptions of the work environment and job satisfaction. The results offer inconclusive support of Herzberg’s theory although
the work itself is the strongest predictor of job satisfaction after controlling for both personal and job characteristics. The study concludes
by discussing both practical implications, for those in leadership positions in a university, and theoretical implications
for researchers interested in exploring job satisfaction in a higher education context.
The authors wish to thank Eric Dey for his generous comments on earlier drafts of this paper. 相似文献
17.
Paul Manna 《Peabody Journal of Education》2013,88(5):627-643
State governments are crucial actors in the nation's system of education governance. This issue of the Peabody Journal of Education underscores the wide-ranging roles that state governments play in the oversight, development, and implementation of elementary and secondary education policy in the United States. In this article, I consider these individual analyses by reflecting on the broader themes and patterns that they suggest. I argue that at the dawn of the 21st century, the 50 U.S. states face dynamic challenges that are testing their institutions of governance. States are also simultaneously crossing new frontiers that will influence future policy and opportunities for the nation's students. 相似文献
18.
Jeanette Baird 《Tertiary Education and Management》2006,12(4):297-309
This article examines emerging norms of good practice for Australian university governing boards and issues that university governing boards could address to develop effective governance cultures. It firstly considers the ways in which support for many Australian university governing boards has become professionalised over the past decade. At the same time, longstanding tensions or ‘paradoxes’ persist, (Cornforth, 2003) notably between ‘corporate’ and ‘participatory’ board models. To ‘tame’ these tensions requires formative processes of deliberation and debate. The article outlines understandings that may assist boards to engage in such processes and to develop their awareness of differing values in governance practices. 相似文献
19.
Is Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK) Necessary for Reformed Science Teaching?: Evidence from an Empirical Study 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Soonhye Park Jeong-Yoon Jang Ying-Chih Chen Jinhong Jung 《Research in Science Education》2011,41(2):245-260
This study tested a hypothesis that focused on whether or not teachers’ pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) is a necessary
body of knowledge for reformed science teaching. This study utilized a quantitative research method to investigate the correlation
between a teacher’s PCK level as measured by the PCK rubric (Park et al. 2008) and the degree to which his/her classroom is reform-oriented as measured by RTOP (Sawada et al. 2002). Data included 33 instructional sessions of photosynthesis and heredity videotaped with 7 high school biology teachers.
Each session was given a score on both the PCK rubric and RTOP by two independent raters. Results indicate that PCK score
is significantly related to RTOP score in terms of both total score (r = .831, p < .01) and sub-component scores (ranging from r = .616 to .805, p < .01). Implications for science teacher education and future research are discussed. 相似文献
20.
Laura Black Julian Williams Paul Hernandez-Martinez Pauline Davis Maria Pampaka Geoff Wake 《Educational Studies in Mathematics》2010,73(1):55-72
The construct of identity has been used widely in mathematics education in order to understand how students (and teachers)
relate to and engage with the subject (Kaasila, 2007; Sfard & Prusak, 2005; Boaler, 2002). Drawing on cultural historical activity theory (CHAT), this paper adopts Leont’ev’s notion of leading activity in order to explore the key ‘significant’ activities that are implicated in the development of students’ reflexive understanding
of self and how this may offer differing relations with mathematics. According to Leont’ev (1981), leading activities are those which are significant to the development of the individual’s psyche through the emergence
of new motives for engagement. We suggest that alongside new motives for engagement comes a new understanding of self—a leading identity—which reflects a hierarchy of our motives. Narrative analysis of interviews with two students (aged 16–17 years old) in post-compulsory
education, Mary and Lee, are presented. Mary holds a stable ‘vocational’ leading identity throughout her narrative and, thus,
her motive for studying mathematics is defined by its ‘use value’ in terms of pursuing this vocation. In contrast, Lee develops
a leading identity which is focused on the activity of studying and becoming a university student. As such, his motive for
study is framed in terms of the exchange value of the qualifications he hopes to obtain. We argue that this empirical grounding
of leading activity and leading identity offers new insights into students’ identity development. 相似文献