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1.
本研究探讨了儿童情绪认知能力各部分之间的相互影响,研究结果表明:(1)在表情识别部分是儿童情绪认知能力其余各部分的基础;(2)儿童表情识别能力对情绪认知的情绪伪装能力、移情能力、信念理解能力、情绪调节能力等具有预测作用;(3)儿童情绪伪装和移情能力对信念理解能力具有预测作用;(4)儿童情绪调节能力对情绪伪装能力具有预测作用. 相似文献
2.
本研究以58名3～5岁藏族在园幼儿为实验对象,试图探究藏族儿童心理理论能力发展的一般变化趋势,结果表明藏族儿童心理理论的获得和年龄发展趋势与国内外有关儿童心理理论发展的结论有着跨文化的一致性,但也存在重要差异。藏族儿童在5．5岁时才基本形成错误信念理解能力,较国内外其他儿童晚一到半岁;3岁以后能理解外表与事实的区别;4岁以后能同时理解自己和他人的信念;5．5岁掌握他人行为预测任务。藏族儿童的错误信念理解不存在显著的性别差异。 相似文献
3.
本研究选取143名2～5岁儿童作为被试,以表情再认、表情命名、情绪观点采择任务考察其情绪理解能力发展水平,以皮博迪"图画一词汇"测验考察其语言能力发展水平,并分析儿童情绪理解能力发展与语言能力之间的关系.结果表明:(1)3～4岁是儿童获得表情再认和表情命名能力的关键年龄,4～5岁是儿童情绪观点采择能力发展的关键年龄;(2)对学前儿童而言,表情再认任务最容易,其次是表情命名任务,情绪观点采择任务最困难;(3)儿童的情绪理解能力与语言能力显著相关,即使在控制了年龄因素的影响后,相关仍然显著. 相似文献
4.
本研究采用纵向实验研究的方法,在六个月的时间里,考察了51名三岁半不同语言能力幼儿错误信念理解与一般语言能力发展之间的关系。结果发现:在3岁半到4岁之间,汉语幼儿的错误信念理解能力发生了显著变化;语言能力超常组在错误信念任务上的表现显著好于普通语言能力组幼儿;幼儿错误信念理解能力和一般语言能力发展之间存在密切联系,但难以确定二者相互作用的方向。 相似文献
5.
本研究采用了实验的方法,以言语、非言语性任务,意外转移与表征变化任务为变量,考察了不同语言能力的88名3-4岁幼儿的错误信念理解能力。研究结果发现,降低错误信念任务对语言能力的要求并不能改变幼儿在错误信念理解上的年龄特征;在3岁和4岁两个年龄组中,语言能力超常的幼儿在各项实验任务上的表现均好于语言能力一般的幼儿。 相似文献
6.
对情绪的心理层面的理解是幼儿心理理论发展中出现得相对较迟的能力。本研究结合主人公愿望是否得到满足的状态,通过利用图片故事个别测查的方法探查了90名3～5岁学前儿童在“内容错误信念”任务中对他人情绪的推测。结果显示,年幼儿童尤其是3岁幼儿的高兴情绪理解受其对情境是否满足愿望的认知的影响,呈现出显著的“积极情绪偏差效应”; 相似文献
7.
用设置故事情境的方法研究了99名3-5岁幼儿对基于愿望—信念的情绪理解能力。结果表明,在愿望—信念情绪理解任务中存在显著的年龄差异,年龄越大,理解能力越好,但不存在性别差异;3-5岁幼儿对基于信念的情绪理解要晚于基于愿望的情绪理解的发展。 相似文献
8.
用设置故事情境的方法研究了99名3-5岁幼儿对基于愿望—信念的情绪理解能力。结果表明,在愿望—信念情绪理解任务中存在显著的年龄差异,年龄越大,理解能力越好,但不存在性别差异;3-5岁幼儿对基于信念的情绪理解要晚于基于愿望的情绪理解的发展。 相似文献
9.
随机选取108名3～5岁儿童,通过对其进行一级错误信念认知和二级错误信念认知任务测试及社会行为评定,考察儿童的心理理论对其社会行为(亲社会行为、攻击性行为和退缩行为)的影响.研究结果表明:(1)儿童亲社会行为发生概率随着年龄的增长而显著提高,攻击性行为发生概率随着年龄的增长而显著降低,退缩行为发生概率也随着年龄的增长而降低,但差异并不显著.(2)儿童的错误信念认知水平随着年龄的增长而提高.(3)在控制了年龄和性别变量后,儿童的二级错误信念认知水平可以预测其亲社会行为和攻击性行为的发生,而儿童对错误信念的认知水平不能预测其退缩行为的发生. 相似文献
10.
刘娟 《昭通师范高等专科学校学报》2016,(4):115-118
研究采用自编的三地点任务,考察了5、6岁儿童对该任务中的错误信念问题及随后的未知信念行为问题的理解。发现:(1)5岁儿童尚不能有效通过三地点任务中的错误信念问题,6岁儿童能够有效通过该问题。(2)通过错误信念问题的绝大部分5、6岁儿童在随后的未知信念行为问题上会认为故事主人公如果在原地点没找到物品会先去现存放物品的地点寻找。说明5、6岁儿童即使通过了错误信念任务,其信念理解能力仍不成熟。 相似文献
11.
The present study investigated relationships among false belief, emotion understanding, and social skills with 60 3- to 5-year-olds (29 boys, 31girls) from Head Start and two other preschools. Children completed language, false belief, and emotion understanding measures; parents and teachers evaluated children's social skills. Children's false belief performance related to their understanding of their friend's emotions and to teacher's ratings of social skills. Aspects of emotion understanding related to social skills. Head Start (n =30) and non-Head Start preschoolers (n = 30) performed similarly on social skills and emotion understanding measures, however, non-Head Start children performed significantly better on false belief tasks than Head Start children. Results demonstrate the importance of including diverse groups of children in studies of social cognition. 相似文献
12.
《Early education and development》2013,24(3):341-366
The present study investigated relationships among false belief, emotion understanding, and social skills with 60 3- to 5-year-olds (29 boys, 31girls) from Head Start and two other preschools. Children completed language, false belief, and emotion understanding measures; parents and teachers evaluated children's social skills. Children's false belief performance related to their understanding of their friend's emotions and to teacher's ratings of social skills. Aspects of emotion understanding related to social skills. Head Start (n =30) and non-Head Start preschoolers (n = 30) performed similarly on social skills and emotion understanding measures, however, non-Head Start children performed significantly better on false belief tasks than Head Start children. Results demonstrate the importance of including diverse groups of children in studies of social cognition. 相似文献
13.
Junin Quechua Children's Understanding of Mind 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Penelope G. Vinden 《Child development》1996,67(4):1707-1716
2 tasks that examine the child's understanding of false belief, representational change, and the appearance-reality distinction were conducted among 34 4- to 8-year-old Junin Quechua children in Peru. A majority of children demonstrated an understanding of the appearance-reality distinction, though there was a clear improvement with age. Both younger and older children, however, performed poorly on questions that tested their understanding of representational change and false belief. These results raise questions as to whether or not thinking about thought and its relation to action develops in a similar manner in all cultures. If the Junin Quechua children's understanding of the appearance-reality distinction is grounded in the same representational ability that is necessary to understand one's own and another's misrepresentation of reality, then we must look for other factors that prevent them from performing correctly on tasks that test their understanding of false belief and representational change. 相似文献
14.
Metamemory in children with autism 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Five experiments are reported comparing metamemory abilities in children with autism, age- and language-matched mentally retarded children, and language-matched young normal controls. The mean language age of the participants in Experiment 1 was approximately 6 years, in Experiments 2, 3, and 4 approximately 8 years, and in Experiment 5 approximately 9 years. All the children were given one or more false belief tests. Experiment 1 assessed the children's understanding that a task variable (list length) and a person variable (age) will affect their own and others' performances on an immediate auditory-verbal recall task. Experiment 2 assessed the ability to utilize category cues in a picture recall task. Experiments 3 and 4 assessed the ability to verbalize strategies used in a memory span test and in one retrospective and two prospective memory situations. Experiment 5 assessed the children's knowledge and understanding of another person's memory. On the basis of available evidence and theory, we predicted that the children with autism would be impaired on all the metamemory tasks and that impairment would be associated with failure on tests of false belief. Our predictions were not supported. The children with autism were not impaired on any of the metamemory tasks, although they were less likely than controls to make spontaneous use of memory strategies involving other people. Unexpectedly few of the children failed the false belief tasks. These results are discussed in relation to theories concerning primary psychological deficits underlying autism. 相似文献
15.
Amy A. Weimer Julie Sallquist Rebecca R. Bolnick 《Early education and development》2013,24(3):280-301
Research Findings: The present study investigated the relation between theory of mind (ToM) and emotion understanding among 78 children 4½ to 6½ years old (35 boys, 43 girls). ToM understanding was assessed using ignorance and false belief questions within an emotion-understanding task that evaluated children's abilities to recognize facial expressions and identify the external causes of emotions (happy, sad, angry, scared, and surprised), understand the role of beliefs and desires in emotion, and comprehend felt versus expressed emotions. Results indicated that children's understanding of the external causes of emotion, hidden emotions, and a reminder's influence on emotions improved with age and that children's understanding of the external causes of emotion related to ToM understanding. Practice or Policy: Findings suggest that programs that seek to promote children's socioemotional awareness could benefit from encouraging the development of children's understanding of the external causes of emotions to improve overall social cognition. 相似文献
16.
The role of false belief in establishing children's social relationships during the transition to school was examined and compared to other social cognitive constructs. One hundred and fourteen 5‐year‐olds were recruited during their 1st year of school (Time 1); 106 children were retained 1 year later. False belief, emotion expression recognition, empathy, verbal ability, and peer‐rated social preference were measured at both times. False belief at Time 1 had a direct influence on concurrent social preference, over and above the influence of emotion expression recognition and empathy. False belief made no independent contribution to later social preference accounting for stability in social preference. The role of social cognitive development is discussed with respect to how children establish and maintain their position in a peer group. 相似文献
17.
Theory of Mind, Emotion Understanding, Language, and Family Background: Individual Differences and Interrelations 总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16
Individual differences in young children's social cognition were examined in 128 urban preschoolers from a wide range of backgrounds. comprehensive assessments were made of children's false-belief understanding, emotion understanding, language abilities, and family background information was collected via parent interview. Individual differences in children's understanding of false-belief and emotion were associated with differences in language ability and with certain aspects of family background, in particular, parental occupational class and mothers' education. The number of siblings that children had did not relate to their social cognition. Individual differences in false-belief and emotion understanding were correlated, but these domains did not contribute to each other independently of age, language ability, and family background. In fact, variance in family background only contributed uniquely to false-belief understanding. The results suggest that family background has a significant impact on the development of theory of mind. The findings also suggest that understanding of false-belief and understanding of emotion may be distinct aspects of social cognition in young children. 相似文献
18.
Heather A. Holmes-Lonergan 《Early education and development》2003,14(1):29-46
Fifty-five children (21 boys, 34 girls) between the ages of 3 years 6 months and 5 years 6 months from 3 Head Start classrooms were administered 5 affective false belief tasks and 5 hypothetical scenarios that measured their perceptions of parental discipline. A subset of 40 children were rated by their teachers for behavior problems in the classroom. Results indicated that children performed better on questions about their own false beliefs than on questions about others' false beliefs. Overall, children performed below average on the false belief measures. Children expected parents in the hypothetical scenarios to use power-assertive methods of discipline more often than induction or love withdrawal. As predicted, total false belief scores were negatively correlated with classroom behavior problems. Children who stated that they or the child in the scenario would feel sad after being disciplined were also less likely to experience behavior problems in the classroom. The results of this study, together with the results of previous research, suggest that children from Head Start populations are not performing as well on measures of false belief understanding as children from traditional preschool populations. The causes of this discrepancy and possible interventions should be explored in future research. 相似文献
19.
Serena Lecce Federica Bianco Patrizia Demicheli Elena Cavallini 《Child development》2014,85(6):2404-2418
This study investigated the relation between theory of mind (ToM) and metamemory knowledge using a training methodology. Sixty‐two 4‐ to 5‐year‐old children were recruited and randomly assigned to one of two training conditions: A first‐order false belief (ToM) and a control condition. Intervention and control groups were equivalent at pretest for age, parents' education, verbal ability, inhibition, and ToM. Results showed that after the intervention children in the ToM group improved in their first‐order false belief understanding significantly more than children in the control condition. Crucially, the positive effect of the ToM intervention was stable over 2 months and generalized to more complex ToM tasks and metamemory. 相似文献
20.
Young children's attribution of action to beliefs and desires 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
When and how children understand beliefs and desires is central to whether they are ever childhood realists and when they evidence a theory of mind. Adults typically construe human action as resulting from an actor's beliefs and desires, a mentalistic interpretation that represents a common and fundamental form of psychological explanation. We investigated children's ability to do likewise. In Experiment 1, 60 subjects were asked to explain why story characters performed simple actions, such as looking under a piano for a kitten. Both preschoolers and adults gave predominantly psychological explanations, attributing the actions to the actor's beliefs and desires. Even 3-year-olds attributed actions to beliefs and false beliefs, demonstrating an understanding of belief not evident in previous research. In Experiment 2, 24 3-year-olds were tested further on their understanding of false belief. They were given both false belief prediction and explanation tasks. Children performed well on explanation taks, attributing an anomalous action to the actor's false belief, even when they failed to predict correctly what action would follow from a false belief. We concluded that 3-year-olds and adults share a fundamentally similar construal of human action in terms of beliefs and desires, even false beliefs. 相似文献