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1.
NBA自由球员的转会 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
NBA自由球员的转会程序包括与原球队解约、与转入球队谈判、签约、联盟审核及球员工会监督等。研究认为,NBA自由球员的分类和解约、谈判、签约规则对我国CBA联赛的球员转会有借鉴作用。 相似文献
2.
The penalty shoot-out is used to break tied games in the knock-out stages of soccer competition. The shoot-out, which consists of an alternating series of penalty kicks, is won by the team with the highest goal tally after n kicks per team (n = 5). In the event of a tie after five penalty kicks each, the shoot-out progresses to 'sudden death' by increasing n in iterative fashion (i.e. n = n + 1) until one team obtains a higher goal tally than the other after an equal number of kicks per team. The team to strike first is determined at the end of extra time by the toss of a coin. As each on-field player can be awarded only a single penalty kick, the line-up order in which the penalty kicks are taken allows for the possibility of tactical influence on the final outcome. Consequently, we report a probability analysis of the penalty shoot-out in soccer from which we identify the following pre- and post-game strategies. The best five ranked penalty takers from the on-field players should be assigned to the first five penalty kicks in their reverse order of ability. That is, the fifth best penalty taker should take the first penalty kick, the fourth best penalty taker should take the second penalty kick, and so on. In the event of sudden death, the next highest ranked on-field player should be assigned to the next penalty kick until the shoot-out ends. For this tactic to be successful, players should be ranked a priori on their penalty-taking ability. Similarly, goalkeepers should be ranked a priori on their penalty-stopping ability. These findings indicate that the tactical substitution of on-field players for higher ranked penalty takers, including higher ranked penalty stoppers (i.e. goalkeepers), with a view to an impending penalty shoot-out should be given due consideration. These results are of practical importance in that they are shown to maximize the likelihood of winning the penalty shoot-out under certain initial conditions. 相似文献
3.
On winning the penalty shoot-out in soccer 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
The penalty shoot-out is used to break tied games in the knock-out stages of soccer competition. The shoot-out, which consists of an alternating series of penalty kicks, is won by the team with the highest goal tally after n kicks per team (n = 5). In the event of a tie after five penalty kicks each, the shoot-out progresses to 'sudden death' by increasing n in iterative fashion (i.e. n = n + 1) until one team obtains a higher goal tally than the other after an equal number of kicks per team. The team to strike first is determined at the end of extra time by the toss of a coin. As each on-field player can be awarded only a single penalty kick, the line-up order in which the penalty kicks are taken allows for the possibility of tactical influence on the final outcome. Consequently, we report a probability analysis of the penalty shoot-out in soccer from which we identify the following pre- and post-game strategies. The best five ranked penalty takers from the on-field players should be assigned to the first five penalty kicks in their reverse order of ability. That is, the fifth best penalty taker should take the first penalty kick, the fourth best penalty taker should take the second penalty kick, and so on. In the event of sudden death, the next highest ranked on-field player should be assigned to the next penalty kick until the shoot-out ends. For this tactic to be successful, players should be ranked a priori on their penalty-taking ability. Similarly, goalkeepers should be ranked a priori on their penalty-stopping ability. These findings indicate that the tactical substitution of on-field players for higher ranked penalty takers, including higher ranked penalty stoppers (i.e. goalkeepers), with a view to an impending penalty shoot-out should be given due consideration. These results are of practical importance in that they are shown to maximize the likelihood of winning the penalty shoot-out under certain initial conditions. 相似文献
4.
《Sport Management Review》2019,22(5):736-747
Given the growth in the female sport fan base of North American major league sports and the development and expansion of women’s team-related apparel, the purpose of this study was to examine women sport fans’ perceptions of team apparel. The authors collected data through in-depth interviews with 16 Canadian women who self-identified as fans of professional sport teams. They perceived a lack of options in team apparel, despite the development of women’s clothing lines. Analysis of the aesthetics, symbolism, and instrumentality of team apparel using a third-wave feminist approach provides socio-cultural explanations for women fans’ dissatisfaction with existing offerings. This approach advances understandings of the social circumstances shaping women’s sport experiences as fans and the impact of gender on consumer engagement. Results suggest that sport teams need to recognize the diversity of women’s gender identities and expressions and provide a wider range of clothing that demonstrate their status as authentic fans. 相似文献
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《Sport Management Review》2019,22(3):322-334
A major development in international sport governance is the increasing number of clubs owned by supporters. Researchers have advocated for more supporter involvement in the governance of sport teams but have not fully explained why some supporters attempt to become team owners. Sport governance scholars have also generally ignored the perspectives of those fans that do not seek to become club owners. In the current study, the authors took the perspective of psychological ownership theory and used semi-structured interviews to examine the perspectives of a professional football team’s supporters, some of which were interested in becoming team shareholders. The authors found that a primary reason supporters attempt to become club owners lies in their sense of psychological ownership for their team. Following this sense of ownership, supporter ownership initiatives appear to follow a certain pattern of events, including a sense of dissatisfaction, expressing such dissatisfaction in an attempt to bring about change, and eventually, initiating a formal ownership movement after reaching a tipping point. Lastly, the authors found that during supporter ownership movements, the actions taken by supporters involved in such initiatives may impact fans not involved in the ownership movement. The study makes contributions to sport governance, fan behavior, psychological ownership and fan social network literatures. 相似文献
7.
陈兵 《体育科技文献通报》2012,20(8):42+117-42,117
随着足球竞技水平的不断提高,高强度、高对抗成为现代足球发展的主要趋势和特点,现代足球的发展必须要求加快队伍的攻防转换节奏,运动员在场上的跑动距离有着很大的提高。通过概括日、韩、西班牙三个球队的队员的跑动特征,总结出亚洲球队与西班牙队的不一样的战术风格,找出亚洲强队与冠军队之间存在的差异,旨在为亚洲球队能在未来的训练中和世界大赛中取得更好的成绩提供理论的参考。 相似文献
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《Sport Management Review》2020,23(5):964-977
The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships among coaches’ authentic leadership and athletes’ psychological capital (PsyCap), performance satisfaction, and psychological well-being. The authors recruited 224 athletes participating in intercollegiate athletics in the United States. The results indicated that the authentic leadership of the head coaches positively influenced the athletes’ PsyCap levels. The enhanced PsyCap, in turn, positively influenced both performance satisfaction and psychological well-being. The interaction effect of student development was found in the relationship between authentic leadership and PsyCap. The findings contribute to an improved understanding of a head coach’s authentic behaviors in sport teams, and also illuminate how athletes’ performance satisfaction and psychological well-being can be augmented by PsyCap enhancement. 相似文献
10.
A home field advantage is given when the home team wins more than half of the games under home conditions. For team sports, this advantage has been well-established in many studies. The present study examines the home field advantage for individual sports on the example of table tennis. Therefore, all games of the men’s first German National League of table tennis (n?=?406) were analyzed for the seasons 2008/2009 to 2012/2013. There was a home field advantage of 51.48?%. A more specific measure for the home field advantage is to look at single games (“best-of-five” modus), where the home teams won more games (2.01 per competition) than the away teams (1.95 per competition). Both results were statistically not significant. A statistically significant correlation between the size of the home field advantage and the number of spectators was found, as well as an advantage by competition rules of the home team in the opening game, whereas the travel distances of the away teams did not affect the results. Accordingly, the home field advantage is less pronounced in individual sports than in team sports. The player’s performance, however, is positively influenced by the social support of home spectators and the specific competition rules. 相似文献
11.
李江红 《体育科技文献通报》2010,18(10):37-38
运用文献资料、观察记录、数理统计、比较分析等方法对第25届男篮亚锦标赛中国男篮及其对手的比赛数据进行对比分析,发现中国队进攻得分能力差,防守不够凶悍、角色球员掌控比赛的能力不足等问题,并针对第16届男篮世锦赛中国男篮的备战提出了相应的建议。 相似文献
12.
Lesika Keatlholetswe 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2019,90(1):71-79
The coaching competency research has demonstrated the role of coaching efficacy and coaching behaviors on various athlete outcomes. However, athlete perceptions of these relationships and how they affect performance are less understood. Purpose: This study examined if coaching efficacy is predictive of player perceptions of coaches’ leadership styles, team atmosphere, and team performance in a soccer season. Method: Fifteen male premier league soccer coaches (Mage = 45.27, SD = 6.07) and 226 players (Mage = 25.66, SD = 3.96) from Botswana participated in the study. All participants completed a background information questionnaire. Coaches completed the Coaching Efficacy Scale. Players rated their coaches’ leadership styles using the Revised Leadership Scale for Sports as well as team atmosphere. Team performance was based on position in the league log and player ratings of the teams’ performance. Results: Findings showed that coaches’ self-ratings on technique efficacy predicted player perceptions of the coaches’ use of all six leadership styles. Game strategy efficacy predicted higher team atmosphere and team performance. Motivation efficacy was not significantly associated with player perceptions of the coaches’ use of any of the leadership styles, while character building efficacy was negatively associated with the various leadership styles. Conclusion: Findings provide support to previous research evidence linking higher coaching efficacy, leadership styles, and team outcomes. The study expands the emergent research within the coaching competency literature that examines player perceptions of coaches’ behaviors and leadership styles. 相似文献
13.
道德条款是体育赞助合同与运动员协议的重要组成部分,通过规范运动员赛场内外行为保障赞助方与俱乐部利益,有利于提升运动员素质、维护体育行业形象、弘扬体育道德风尚、促进体育产业发展。体育人才协议中的道德条款对运动员私人生活及合法权利造成一定程度的限制,其正当性源于合同目的、权利义务均衡性、议价能力、权利性质等因素。但模糊化、标准化的道德条款又可能过度介入运动员私人生活,侵犯运动员言论自由与隐私权等公民基本权利,需要在契约自由与公民权利之间划定合理界限。缺乏评价标准的道德条款将导致合同的不确定性,对缔约双方及行业发展均产生负面影响,建议借他山之石,通过比较分析法、历史分析法和实证分析法,梳理总结国外道德条款的产生、发展、制定、执行经验,为完善我国体育人才协议中的道德条款提供借鉴。 相似文献
14.
对2013年世界女排大奖赛中国女排与各队在防反扣球技术的运用效果进行比较分析,中国队与各队的防反强攻扣球的净得分率相对防反其他进攻而言差距较小,但与其他各队之间还存在着一定的差距;中国队在防反快球进攻方面明显的体现出不足,从净得分率可以看出差距,这也是中国女排无法与所遇各队相抗衡的重要原因之一;中国队在防反立体进攻的次数比较多,效果还可以,但是成功率相对来说较低,所以在立体攻方面要提高成功率。 相似文献
15.
收集2018~2019赛季CBA联赛常规赛的相关技术数据,按照所选择的10项防守指标(自变量)对防守效率(因变量)贡献程度的大小进行逐步回归分析。结果显示:按照对CBA球队防守效率(因变量)贡献的大小,本研究所引入的防守技术指标(自变量)依次为:抢断、防守篮板、场均篮板、盖帽、限制对手三分命中率、限制对手罚球命中率。按照球队的战绩分为前十名高水平球队与后十名较低水平球队,通过Mann Whitney U检验对比这6项防守技术指标,其中场均篮板、盖帽、限制对手罚球命中率三项指标不同水平球队间无显著性差异(P>0.05);抢断、场均防守篮板、限制对手三分球命中率三项指标高水平球队明显强于较低水平球队,且二者之间呈显著性差异(P<0.05)。 相似文献
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《Sport Management Review》2020,23(5):869-882
Social live streaming services (SLSSs) have recently been introduced as a new type of synchronous social networking services for sport fans. Given the popularity of these innovations, the authors examined how the use of SLSSs can augment users’ social well-being and mitigate loneliness through the mechanisms of team identification, flow experiences, and satisfaction with SLSSs. To this end, the researchers collected data from 231 SLSS users who watched sport events over the SLSS platforms during the past 12 months. Results indicated that four types of gratification expectations positively influenced the users’ flow states. Among highly identified users with their preferred teams, affective gratification exerted the greater impact on the flow, predicting satisfaction with SLSSs. Such satisfaction enabled the users to enhance their social well-being and ease their feelings of loneliness. This study provides empirical evidence and new insights that elevate our understanding of SLSSs for sports content. 相似文献
18.
Miguel-Ángel Gómez Roberto Silva Alberto Lorenzo Rasa Kreivyte Jaime Sampaio 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(3):247-254
Substituting basketball players during competition is a key process to optimise collective performance. Available research on this topic is scarce, probably due to the difficulty in isolating these effects; thus, the aim of this study was to identify the temporal effects of substitutions in basketball (Spanish professional basketball league). The sample was composed of 1118 substitutions gathered from 21 basketball games. The analysed variables were coach-controlled (player and team’s personal fouls, player in and player out roles, player’s in and out minutes on-court and timeout situation); on-court (foul committed, free throws, 2- and 3-point field-goal effectiveness) and situational variables (scoreline, quality of opposition, game location and game quarter). The results showed positive scoring performances after the substitution for all the analyses. During the first quarter, there were significant effects for fouls committed, scoreline and game location after the substitution. The player’s out personal fouls, free-throw effectiveness, player in, minutes on-court player in, timeout situation and 3-point field-goal effectiveness were significant during the second quarter. The team’s personal fouls, game location, and scoreline were identified as important in the third quarter. The fourth quarter did not show significant effects on the independent variables. Current findings allow optimising coaches’ plans and team management of on-court and bench players throughout the game. 相似文献
19.
Courtney Sullivan Thomas Kempton Patrick Ward Aaron J. Coutts 《Journal of sports sciences》2018,36(19):2196-2201
This study examined the association between individual and team characteristics and the probability of being offered a second contract in professional Australian Football. Contract status was obtained from the AFL for players who were drafted in the AFL National Draft between 1999 and 2013 (n = 999). Individual player characteristics were retrieved from the AFL while variables relating to performance were accessed online via Champion Data®. A binary logistic regression examined the influence of each characteristic on the probability of a professional Australian Football player receiving a second contract. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and the associated AUC were used to assess the discriminant ability of both a training (n = 938) and test data set (n = 61). The characteristics that influenced the probability of receiving a second contract included first year debut (pr 0.606), draft order (pr – 0.126), draft year (pr 0.059), games played (pr 1.848), team state (pr 0.458), rising star nomination (pr 1.553) and team ladder position (pr ?0.043) (χ2 (8) = 198.28, p < 0.001). The ROC curve demonstrated an AUC of 82.4% (training) and 76.0% (test). A combination of individual and team based characteristics are associated with early career progression in professional Australian Football. 相似文献
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Tiaki Brett Smith Kim Hébert-Losier Doug McClymont 《Journal of sports sciences》2018,36(10):1179-1185
The goal of an offensive Rugby Union lineout is to throw the ball in a manner that allows your team to maintain possession. Typically, the player catching the ball jumps and is lifted upwards by two teammates, reaching above the opposing player who is competing for the ball also. Despite various beliefs regarding the importance of the jumper’s mass and attempted jump height, and lifters’ magnitude and point of force application, there is negligible published data on the topic. The squeeze technique is one lifting method commonly employed by New Zealand teams during lineout plays, whereby the jumper initiates the jump quickly and the lifters provide assistance only once the jumper reaches 20–30 cm. While this strategy may reduce cues to the opposition, it might also constrain the jumper and lifters. We developed a model to explore how changes in the jumper’s body mass and attempted jump height, and lifters’ magnitude and point of force application influence the time to reach peak catch height. The magnitude of the lift force impacted the time-to-reach peak catch height the most; followed by the jumper’s (attempted) jump height and body mass; and lastly, the point of lift force application. 相似文献