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1.
Catherine Milne 《科学教学研究杂志》1998,35(2):175-187
Some people think that science is a set of facts that can be presented in plain and unadorned language. This fosters a belief that science has few stories. Actually, stories are very important in school science. In an examination of science textbooks, I have identified four different types of science stories which I call (a) heroic, (b) discovery, (c) declarative, and (d) politically correct. Each of these types of story promotes a particular set of philosophical assumptions about science. These assumptions are presented implicitly within the framework of the story as truths of science. This article specifically examines the philosophical assumptions that underpin heroic science stories and the implications of these stories in the discursive practices of the school science classroom. As teachers, we need to be critically aware of these assumptions, since they may be at odds with our beliefs about knowledge and our preferred teaching practices. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 35: 175–187, 1998. 相似文献
2.
提出了底部两层框架－剪力墙砖房中薄弱层的判别方法,即通过层极限剪力系数判断结构的薄弱楼层,对该类结构震害预测的具体方法进行了探讨,当底层为薄弱层时,可通过层位移比对结构进行震害预测,并给出位移比的计算公式,最后将此震害预测方法应用于工程实例中． 相似文献
3.
Karen Keats Whelan Janice Huber Chuck Rose Annie Davies D. Jean Clandinin 《Teachers and Teaching》2013,19(2):143-156
Drawing on a 3-year study focusing on the shaping influences of the professional knowledge landscape on the personal practical knowledge of experienced teachers, we first explore how stories are shaped as they are told and responded to in different places and, second, explore whether or not this sharing leads to imagining new possibilities for retelling and reliving stories. By sharing and exploring a story of a disagreement between a parent and a teacher, we focus on what we do when we tell stories in schools and what we do when we tell stories off the school landscape. In making meaning from this story, we show that both in the teacher's living of the story with the parent and in her numerous recountings of the story to others on the school landscape, she did not have opportunities to figure out new ways to relive the story. In our research group, she shared her story again. In this telling, we asked her to focus on who she, the mother, and the principal are in the story, and we inquire into what plotlines each were living. We ask questions about how they were positioned as characters in relation to one another. Re-searching the story in this way enabled us to understand the embodied nature of the teacher's knowing and how this knowledge shaped the events of the story as they were lived out, particularly how the teacher's living of a relational story countered the story of teacher and principal as positioned above parent. By drawing on Nelson's work on 'found' and 'chosen' communities, we imagine ways in which schools could become chosen communities where the story of school might be one of fostering the living out of multiple stories. We imagine the stories emerging from such communities might significantly shape the landscape of schools by opening up new possibilities for living in relation with others. 相似文献
4.
故事形态学是鉴于故事类型学理论的缺陷而构建起来的分析民间文学的一种结构主义叙事理论。故事形态学与故事类型学的区别主要体现在研究中是侧重叙事语法的分析,还是倾向于完整表意片段的探求。用故事形态学的研究方法,可以从六朝志怪小说中归纳出婚姻、复仇和报恩等三类按时间中轴排列的行为功能序列。虽然某些故事可能出现成分的残缺或者成为单一行为功能的叙事片段,但在时序上,它们不会与类型故事发生矛盾和悖反。不同类型的故事通过“嵌套法”结合成为新的结构,这种“嵌套”同样不会扰乱行为功能在时序上的安排。我们通过对六朝志怪小说结构形态以及构型方法的探讨,可以形成对中国传统叙事模式更为清晰直观的认识。 相似文献
5.
Helen Knauf 《Early Childhood Education Journal》2018,46(4):427-434
Learning stories are used in early childhood education in Germany and throughout the world as a form of assessment and pedagogical documentation. The main objective of a learning story is to carve out the learning dispositions of an individual child by describing a certain situation which the teacher reckons to be important for the child. The concept aims to record children’s development in a way that is child-centred, non-standardised, holistic and socioculturally embedded. In order to obtain a picture of how this ambitious aim is pursued in practice, 338 learning stories from 32 early childhood education (ECE) centres in Germany were analysed. The analysis shows that the aims of the learning story concept are only partially achieved. In particular, the writers of the learning stories often do not make the stories’ subjective character clear, and tend to only focus on a limited number of the learning dispositions that underlie the concept. Many learning stories evaluate children’s abilities by way of comparison with a theoretical normal development. The form of the stories (language, text, use of pictures) often makes them less accessible to children. 相似文献
6.
Creating opportunities for children to apply newly learned vocabulary in meaningful contexts is an important aspect of supporting vocabulary development. However, previous research has not adequately examined how this can be accomplished in preschool classrooms. To address this issue, we explored using story dictation to support preschoolers’ expressive vocabulary development. Thirteen children in a Head Start classroom were videotaped dictating a total of 38 stories. Scribed stories and videos of story dictation sessions were analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively to examine the outcomes and process. Results indicated that children used and learned target vocabulary during story dictations, and that target word use increased in number and complexity over time. How the teacher supported story dictations and target word use is discussed. 相似文献
7.
《Teaching and Teacher Education》2001,17(6):705-724
This article reports on an 18-month study of teacher study group facilitation in a 25 district consortium. The teacher study group was viewed as an alternative form of professional development within the context of a funded project. Case story, as a form of narrative inquiry, was used to work with participants to construct their own stories of personal experiences as members and facilitators of teacher study groups. The stories shared in this study indicate that facilitation of and participation in a study group as an alternative form of professional development affords an opportunity for transformation through personal growth and professional learning. 相似文献
8.
This paper documents an evaluation of children's written responses to a story telling package used in an intervention project set up by the National Association for the Teaching of English as part of the larger Inspire Rotherham literacy campaign. The brief was to provide a group of primary teachers with innovative and inspirational approaches to raise the aspiration of Key Stage 2 children (age range 7‐9) and to improve their skills in story writing. The schools, who were self‐ selecting, were given a DVD of a professional story teller narrating tales appropriate to the age group, used alongside drama and role play workshops which helped the teachers engage children in aspects of narrative. The children were asked to retell one of their own favourite stories in writing before hearing the DVD stories and then to repeat this activity at the end of the 6‐week project. They were asked to include both pictures and writing. Their texts were analysed to provide both quantitative and textual data. Children were shown to have adopted many features of the language of the oral narratives they had heard in the second task improving both the structure and imagery of the stories they produced. 相似文献
9.
10.
《Early education and development》2008,19(1):27-44
Books can be a rich source of learning for children and adults alike. In the present study, the contribution of shared reading and parent literacy to a variety of child outcomes was tested. Child outcomes included measures of expressive vocabulary, morphological and syntax comprehension, and narrative ability (story grammar, cohesion, and language complexity) for book stories as well as personal stories. A total of 106 English-speaking 4-year-old children and their parents participated. As predicted, shared reading accounted for unique variance in children's expressive vocabulary and morphological knowledge after controlling for child nonverbal intelligence, parent education, and parent literacy (i.e., book exposure). Although shared reading predicted syntax comprehension, the effect was mediated by parents' own level of literacy. Contrary to expectation, shared reading was not correlated with any of the narrative measures. Interestingly, the narrative measures for telling stories from a book and telling a personal story were not related to each other and were differentially related to the other child measures, suggesting that book and personal stories may represent different genres requiring different skills. 相似文献
11.
独特的叙事风格是马克·吐温短篇故事在美国文学当中具有巨大吸引力的重要原因。其中故事《我怎样编辑一份农业报》便是马克·吐温采用悖论化叙事的代表之一。悖论,是一种看似充满矛盾的表面而内在却富含真理因素的表达方式。悖论化叙事与马克·吐温的创作意图具有密不可分的关系。分析马克·吐温的悖论化叙事特征在故事情节、人物塑造与语言表达三个方面,层层营造了故事的独特叙事及对现实社会深刻的讽刺与挖苦,从而揭示了马克.吐温短篇故事的魅力所在。 相似文献
12.
黄艳 《宁波广播电视大学学报》2013,(2):9-14,69
《老人》是美国女作家凯瑟琳·安·波特"米兰达"系列小说中的一部。故事按照时间顺序分为三个部分,描述了女主人公米兰达在各个年龄阶段的不同心理状态。本文选取在这三个部分中米兰达所参与的及物性过程作为分析材料,并通过对语料中"前景化"的及物性过程的分析,揭示了米兰达从无知,迷惘到坚定的成长过程及其自我意识的觉醒,从功能文体学的角度为"米兰达"这一文学角色的解读提供了一个全新的视角。 相似文献
13.
Li-Ching Ho 《课程研究杂志》2017,49(4):476-496
This paper uses the concept of stories of peoplehood to examine how the Singapore government has constructed a story of harmony and to consider how this story has influenced two important school subjects focused on civic education: Social Studies and Character and Citizenship Education. Stories of peoplehood, including constitutive, economic and political power stories, play a central role in the political project of people-making which involves defining the nature of membership in a political community and promoting a collective political identity. This study provides an alternative way of conceptualizing the goals and curriculum content of civic education and it also offers an example of how a nation state with a strong Confucian tradition has chosen to address the educational goal of living together through the promotion of values such as social cohesion and community relationships within a story of harmony. The study also shows how Singapore political leaders construct a narrow and limited discourse of harmony within the curricula and use it to legitimize policies that privilege particular groups, limit political freedoms, marginalize groups with less power or status, and circumscribe the kinds of actions a citizen can legitimately take. 相似文献
14.
Jacqueline Harrett Corresponding author Senior Lecturer Primary English Theresa Benjamin 《Early Years: An International Journal of Research and Development》2005,25(1):31-42
This small‐scale piece of research stemmed from a larger study on oral storytelling and the responses of children to stories told and read to them. In the larger study several children expressed preferences for stories from picture books, as told stories were not real stories. This concept of real stories and what constitutes a real story in the eyes of an infant child, aged between five and seven years, is what led to the basis of the research. One hundred and thirty‐five children between the ages of five and seven years old were involved in the research. The investigation was conducted in three different schools in South Wales, UK. It was hoped that the research would give some insights into the literacy habits of children today. The children were asked some basic questions about home practices relating to storytelling and story‐reading and about preferences in relation to oral stories and picture books. Finally they were asked if they thought oral tales were real stories. This essay gives an overview of some of the literacy practices of the children and deliberates on their comments as they wrestle with the concept of a real story. 相似文献
15.
Pam Gilbert 《Gender and education》1992,4(3):185-199
This article examines ways in which language practices in the classroom — particularly those involved with the reading and writing of stories — are gendered literacy practices. It argues that stories are closely identified with structuring the meanings by which a culture lives, and that popular and familiar stories rely upon dominant versions of femininity and masculinity to be understood or ‘read’. The article suggests that story genres are ‘gendered’ in the way in which they organise sequences of events, in the discursive fields from which they draw, and in the character‐traiting paradigms they prefer. The claim is made that when children write stories they enter into a form of social regulation implicit in the cultural conventions of popular narrative forms. Story‐writing is seen to be a social, ideological activity which often masquerades as personal expression. The article argues that the gendered nature of classroom literacy practices will be more obviously recognised if classroom language approaches are framed from within critical discourse theory and theories of subjectivity; and if the constraints posed by generic conventions and the cultural devaluation of many feminine’ genres, are more deliberately confronted and addressed in the classroom.
Telling fairy stories, even telling good fairy stories very well ... simply doesn't count. The positions of real power and influence in our society necessitate command of genres for which boys’ educational experience provides an appropriate preparation and girls’ doesn't ... girls’ genre competence at primary school is not merely irrelevant but positively disabling. (Poynton, 1985; p. 36) 相似文献
16.
Sharon Parsons 《International Journal of Science Education》2013,35(9):989-1005
This article relates stories of what I have learned by engaging in autobiographical analysis of my work as a science educator, over a seven year period. These stories can be described loosely as 'a play with three acts'. During each act I am played by a somewhat different feminist character who is not only influenced by her own pedagogical and philosophical underpinnings (feminisms) but, by her own disciplinary and institutional contexts. The first act presents an historical feminist perspective. The second act can be described as an emerging postmodern feminist story. The third act is a feminisms story which is where I currently locate my practice. 相似文献
17.
The earthquakes that rocked the city of Christchurch and surrounding districts in Canterbury, New Zealand, were to take their toll on families, schools and communities. The places that had once represented safety and security for most children were literally and figuratively turned upside down. Rather than reinforce the trauma and continue to frame children as passive victims, the study reported here aimed to help children reframe their experiences through active engagement in participatory research projects. This article reports on three schools drawn from a UNESCO-funded project in which schools recorded their earthquake stories. While children were the centre of each of the school’s earthquake stories, schools engaged children to different extents in their chosen projects. These three schools exemplify different places along a continuum of children’s engagement in research on their own experiences. In one school, children, families, teachers and the principal all contributed to an illustrated book of their experiences. In another school, children created a series of mosaic panels to record the community’s story before, during and after the earthquakes. In the third school, children became documentary makers and interviewed other children about their earthquake experiences. In all cases, children found their projects positive and helpful activities, enabling them to put their experiences into a broader context. This article argues that schools have an important role to play in providing emotional processing activities which help children gain perspective and distance as part of their recovery from large-scale disaster events. 相似文献
18.
Michael P. Brady Kalynn Hall Kristina Bielskus-Barone 《Educational Psychology in Practice》2016,32(4):424-434
Many children with severe disabilities do not perform basic daily living skills needed for typical school and home environments. Previous research on literacy-based behavioural interventions (LBBIs) has shown promise for promoting skill acquisition and maintenance in some learners; however, only one study has examined the effectiveness of this intervention when delivered by peers. In this study, peer classmates were taught to deliver an LBBI story that highlighted hand-washing skills in three students with severe disabilities. Results showed that the accuracy of students’ new skills increased dramatically after their peers delivered the stories with pictures and printed words, and these skills maintained after the LBBI stories were removed. Further, each of the students demonstrated accurate hand-washing in novel environments using different sinks. This study builds on previous LBBI studies by incorporating peers into the story delivery, and using the intervention to teach new self-care skills. 相似文献
19.
Plousia Misailidi Despina Papoudi Andreas Brouzos 《Early education and development》2013,24(8):1161-1174
The study focuses on the mental state language kindergarten teachers use when narrating picture stories. The aims were to examine (a) individual differences in the frequency with which kindergarten teachers use mental state terms, (b) the types of mental state terms (e.g., emotion, desire, belief terms) teachers use most frequently, and (c) the effect that the content of the story to be narrated has on teachers’ use of mental state language. A total of 38 kindergarten teachers took part in the study. Participants were asked to narrate a familiar picture story and six short illustrated stories that fell into one of two categories: behavioral or mentalistic. Behavioral stories emphasized the story characters’ actions, whereas mentalistic stories emphasized the story characters’ mental states. Research Findings: The results showed a significant variation in kindergarten teachers’ use of mental state terms. Moreover, teachers used significantly more cognitive state terms than terms expressing other mental states (e.g., emotions and desires). The content of the picture story (behavioral, mentalistic) was not found to have an effect on teachers’ use of mental state language. Practice or Policy: Implications of these findings for educators are discussed. 相似文献
20.
李雯静 《遵义师范学院学报》2011,13(2):30-32
西厢故事不论于雅于俗,堪称家喻户晓。莺莺赖简乃经典中的经典。既然邀请乃莺莺所发,为何事到临头却忽地翻脸赖简?西厢故事的三个主要文本——《莺莺传》、《西厢记诸宫调》(《董西厢》)、《西厢记》(《王西厢》)在此情节的描写方面存在颇大差异。文章加以比较和分析,牵扯出三位作者的性情文心的不同,以及西厢故事日臻细腻成熟的描写技巧等各种深层次问题。 相似文献