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1.
Contrary to an accepted wisdom, this paper shows that cross-country variations in the number of patents per researcher do not only reflect differences in the propensity to patent but also signals differences in research productivity. We put forward and test an empirical model that formally accounts for the productivity and the propensity component of the R&D-patent relationship. The two components play an important role, as witnessed by the impact of several policies, including education, intellectual property and science and technology policies. Indicators based on domestic priority filings reflect research efforts and are primarily affected by varying propensities to patent. In contrast, international filings, especially triadic patents, rather capture variations in research productivity. 相似文献
2.
《Research Policy》2019,48(9):103810
We analyze the impact of accession to the regional patent system established by the European Patent Convention (EPC) on 14 countries that acceded between 2000 and 2008. We look at changes in patenting behavior by domestic and foreign applicants at the national patent offices and the European Patent Office (EPO). We find a strong change in patent filing behavior among foreigners seeking patent protection in the accession states, substituting EPO patents for domestic patents immediately. However, there is no discernible reaction among domestic entities in terms of domestic filings, although we do find some evidence that applicants in accession states increased their propensity to file patents with the EPO post-accession. Inventors in accession countries also increase their patent filings slightly post-accession, both at the EPO and at the national offices. 相似文献
3.
Appropriate intellectual property protection and economic growth in countries at different levels of development 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This paper examines how the role of patents and utility models in innovation and economic growth varies by level of economic development. Using a panel dataset of over 70 countries, we find that patent protection is an important determinant of innovation and that patentable innovations contribute to economic growth in developed countries, but not in developing. Instead, in developing economies, a minor form of intellectual property rights (IPRs) - namely utility models - is conducive to innovation and growth, controlling for other factors. Using Korean firm level data as a case study, we find that utility model innovations contribute to firm performance when firms are technologically lagging and that those minor innovations can be a learning device and thus a stepping stone for developing more patentable inventions later on. Upon reaching higher levels of technological capabilities, firms become more reliant upon patents and less on utility models. Thus the lesson here is that patent protection enhances innovation and economic growth in countries where the capacity to conduct innovative research exists. Where this capacity is weaker, a system that provides incentives to conduct minor, incremental inventions is more conducive to growth. The significance of this paper is to emphasize the importance not just of the strength of IPRs but of the appropriate type of IPRs for economic development. 相似文献
4.
以创业板市场上市公司为研究对象,以不同类型专利授权量衡量创新质量,在分析企业经营绩效与创新质量关系的基础上,进一步研究了创业板市场能否有效识别创新质量。经验研究发现:(1)不同类型专利对企业经营绩效均存在正向影响,但创新质量最高的发明专利影响最为显著,实用新型专利影响的显著性较低,而外观专利对企业经营绩效没有显著影响,说明创新质量能够反映企业经营绩效;(2)发明专利对企业市账比及托宾Q值均有显著的正向影响,而实用新型和外观专利没有显著影响,说明我国创业板市场能够在一定程度上识别企业创新质量,具体表现为市场能够有效识别发明专利包含的增量信息,但不能有效识别实用新型和外观专利包含的细微信息差异。 相似文献
5.
为细化专利合作网络结构特征对企业专利质量的影响过程，尤其针对当前文献较少关注以知识搜索为中介变量的内在影响机制，以大尺寸硅片等7种集成电路“卡脖子”技术为研究对象，基于知识基础观，以度数中心度和结构洞代表合作网络结构特征，采用2012—2019年中国这7种技术的发明专利合作数据，构建5组4年期的移动时间窗，并结合考虑期刊影响因子构建企业专利质量评价指标体系，运用社会网络分析、文献计量和回归分析等方法进行实证分析。结果表明：在企业专利合作网络中，度数中心度与结构洞这两大结构特征对于专利质量存在正向促进作用，知识搜索在其中发挥重要中介作用，其深度和宽度增加对于企业专利质量均存在正向促进作用；而专利合作网络结构特征对于企业知识搜索同样具有正向影响。因此，中国的集成电路企业要积极与外部组织展开合作，包括组成商业联盟或构建开放式合作研发平台；加强拓宽和加深知识搜索渠道，构建完善知识获取体系，加强知识储备，促进企业专利质量的提升；此外，加大研发投入，扩充研发人员数量、引进高质量研发人才，提升自身的知识吸收、整合和转化的能力。 相似文献
6.
近年来,全球范围的技术发展面临新的挑战,一方面是专利、论文等的数量持续快速增长;另一方面,技术发展趋向于局部改进和渐进创新,少见原创性的技术创新,这实质上是技术领域的内卷化。面对技术内卷的涌现蔓延,开展研究工作的前提是对其进行科学测度。为科学测度技术内卷,避免专利数量的过快增长干扰研究,从专利类别分析入手开展研究;将发明专利划分为基本专利和同族专利,同族专利是围绕基本专利衍生形成的,反映领域技术的细微改进和渐进创新;选择同族专利为突破口,研究构建测度内卷的技术内卷指数。然后,以化学电池技术为研究样本,针对长周期的技术发展过程,运用研究构建的技术内卷指数,定量测度和划分技术内卷的演进阶段,分析得出技术内卷的阶段特征。 相似文献
7.
The value of patented innovations has attracted substantial research attention, especially in the context of patent renewal. However, research often assumes that a firm's patented innovations are independent from each other. We draw upon evolutionary economics and suggest that some of a firm's patents share important genealogical relationships, which we refer to as internal sequential innovations. We propose internal sequential innovations are more valuable and therefore more likely to be renewed than stand-alone innovations. We examine our hypotheses from a dataset of US pharmaceutical and biotechnology patents. The results confirm our hypotheses at both the patent and the firm levels. 相似文献
8.
我国正由仿制药大国向创新药大国加速转型,越来越多的企业由仿制药企业向创新药企业转变。新角色下被提专利权无效宣告请求的风险日益升高,对企业专利管理实践提出新挑战。首次将我国原国家食品药品监督管理总局药品审评中心发布的《中国上市药品目录集》中创新药企业信息,与国家知识产权局专利局复审和无效审理部公布的专利权无效宣告请求案件信息链接。基于法律纠纷理论模型框架,实证分析药品发明专利无效请求发生概率的影响因素。研究表明：专利价值越高、专利法律质量越低、信息不对称程度（或当事人对无效结果的期望分歧）越大,被提无效请求的风险越高。与理论分析不一致的是,与制剂/组合物专利相比,药用化合物和药用生物分子专利被提无效请求的概率更低。研究结论为企业有效开展药品发明专利被提无效请求的风险预警提供有益借鉴。 相似文献
9.
探索提前失效专利对专利价值的影响,对推进我国专利质量工程建设和知识产权强国战略实施,具有重要的理论意义和现实意义。提前失效专利是指在专利有效保护期限内,应该有效但由于种种原因而提前终止效力的专利。基于IncoPat科技创新平台检索的、2002—2018年间中国全部发明授权专利数据3066400个检索结果,借助该平台人工智能技术植入价值度计算的应用模块,从四种主要专利申请人类型——产业、大学、科研院所和个人视角,分析了各类型申请人全部专利、有效专利、提前失效专利价值变化趋势。研究结果揭示了提前失效专利价值远远低于有效专利价值;失效率越高,价值度就越低;大学专利失效率最高等。下一步拟进一步探索专利提前失效的原因及应采取的防范措施,以全面提高专利价值和专利质量。 相似文献
10.
一个长期困扰汽车零部件制造商的问题是,著名车企（汽车装配制造商）是否可以作为重要的技术知识来源。对于这个问题,以往的实证工作从宏观的视角给出了总体上的观察结果,尚缺乏微观视角的分析和验证。本文旨在厘清汽车装配制造商的技术知识运用于零部件制造商创新中的真实作用,即探讨在不同的创新情境中的不同作用。我们提出两个维度作为区分不同情境的基础：零件商创造能力和创新的激进程度。交叉这两个维度得到四种创新情境,我们分别讨论零部件制造商在各种情境中运用著名车企知识的作用。以美国汽车行业中的零部件制造商作为研究对象,以他们发布的专利作为样本,以专利数据构建变量,开展了实证研究。结果显示,只有在“能力较弱的零部件制造商在开展激进程度较低的创新”情境中,运用装配制造商的技术知识会对创新质量产生显著的促进作用。另外一个重要的结果是,在“能力较强的零部件制造商在开展激进程度较高的创新”情境中,运用越多装配制造商知识,创新质量越差;进一步的探索发现,在这种情境中零部件制造商应当从更为广泛的外部来源中获取知识,并加以运用。 相似文献
11.
分析中国医药领域专利知识吸收和扩散演化规律及知识吸收对知识扩散影响,有助于快速选择并吸收相关资源,为加大基础研究投入强度提供数据支撑,为科技资源整合策略提供支持。本文以2000—2014年美国专利商标局收录的中国医药领域2326件专利及其引用的43 822篇专利文献、35 573篇论文文献为研究对象,从专利知识吸收及知识扩散两个角度出发,采用多元方差分析、零膨胀负二项回归及多元线性回归进行多维度分析。结果表明：专利知识吸收逐年增加,但知识扩散并未形成稳定趋势;不同时间段内知识吸收及扩散各测度指标显著不同;专利文献知识吸收数量、质量及论文文献知识吸收质量均对专利知识扩散产生负向影响;吸收论文知识构件对专利知识扩散产生正向影响;吸收论文数量与知识扩散广度、强度负相关;吸收专利知识构件与知识扩散广度正相关,但与知识扩散强度与速度均无相关关系;专利及论文文献知识吸收新颖性对知识扩散广度、强度及速度均无影响。 相似文献
12.
Scientific breakthroughs coming from universities can contribute to the emergence of new industries, such as in the case of biotechnology. Obviously, not all research conducted in universities leads to a radical change from existing technological trajectories. Patents and patent dynamics have long been recognized as critical in understanding the emergence of new technologies and industries. Specifically, patent citations provide insight into the originality of a discovery that has received patent protection. Yet while a large body of literature addresses the impact of patent originality on various firm performance measures, we address the question of what conditions drive patent originality in the process of knowledge creation within the university. Using data on patented cancer research, we examine how research context – as reflected by the funding source for each scientist – is associated with patent originality. We find that when university scientists are partly funded by their own university, they have a higher propensity to generate more original patents. By contrast, university scientists funded either by industry or other non-university organizations have a lower propensity to generate more original patents. The significance of our findings in the cancer research setting call for further research on this question in other research fields. 相似文献
13.
专利技术特征是专利价值生成的重要因素。现有研究通常假定技术创新相互独立,忽视同一区域技术创新之间存在的关联。本研究以中国知识产权局1985-2009年间授权的战略新兴产业专利为研究对象,分析包括区域技术差异在内的多种专利技术特征对专利价值的影响。将专利存续期作为专利价值的代理变量,估计专利生存函数发现:中美日三国在各技术子领域的专利价值与其在该领域的技术相对优(劣)势有明显关联,而与技术领域本身的相关性并不明显。随后建立COX风险回归模型进行量化研究,结果显示:相比于技术领域因素,区域技术差异对专利价值生成更具显著且稳定的影响。区域技术优势能够促进专利维持并最终提升专利价值。 相似文献
14.
Prior art patent citations have become a popular measure of patent quality and knowledge flow between firms. Interpreting these measurements is complicated, in some cases, because prior art citations are added by patent examiners as well as by patent applicants. The U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) adopted new reporting procedures in 2001, making it possible to measure examiner and applicant citations separately for the first time. We analyzed prior art citations listed in all U.S. patents granted in 2001-2003, and found that examiners played a significant role in identifying prior art, adding 63% of citations on the average patent, and all citations on 40% of patents granted. An analysis of variance found that firm-specific variables explain most of the variation in examiner-citation shares. Using multivariate regression, we found that foreign applicants to the USPTO had the highest proportion of citations added by examiners. High-volume patent applicants had a greater proportion of examiner citations, and a substantial number of firms won patents without listing a single applicant citation. In terms of technology, we found higher examiner shares among patents in electronics, communications, and computer-related fields. Taken together, our findings suggest that firm-level patenting practices, particularly among high-volume applicants, have a strong influence on citation data and merit additional research. 相似文献
15.
华为公司作为中国通信行业的领军者,在专利活动与技术创新方面非常活跃,也开展了大量的专利产学研合作。通过统计华为公司产学研合作的发明专利数据,采用专利计量和社会网络分析方法,分析了华为公司专利产学研合作的基本特征,并采用UCINET软件进行可视化描述,揭示出专利产学研合作的阶段演化特征和网络属性,得出企业专利产学研合作的有益规律和启示,为我国企业开展专利产学研合作以及专利合作网络的发展与管理提供参考和借鉴。 相似文献
16.
战略网络结构对企业技术创新的影响研究 总被引：24，自引：4，他引：24
有关技术创新方面的研究很少关注战略网络对企业技术创新的影响,这种忽视产生了企业技术创新研究的“原子化”问题,即忽略战略网络结构特征对不同强度技术创新方式影响的分析。本文以网络结构嵌入理论文基础,发展了一个多层次动态概念模型以研究企业所嵌入的战略网络不同层次结构特征对企业渐进创新与突变创新的影响。本文还进一步指出了不同的技术创新方式对战略网络特征的递归影响。 相似文献
17.
专利市场是经济活动中效率最为低下的市场之一。一方面,专利属于无形资产,很难评判其价值。另一方面,由于信息不对称,市场参与双方（发明人和使用者）均面临很大的搜寻和交易成本。然而较少有文献实证记录这些市场摩擦所带来的后果。本文记录中国个人专利申请的一个特别现象：与企业专利相比,个人专利被广泛认为质量较差;然而另一方面,个人专利在授权后的维持时间却长于企业专利。本文认为专利市场摩擦可以一定程度上解释该现象：由于搜索成本和信息不对称,相对于企业来说,个人发明人需要更长时间才能将其专利许可或转让给可以商业化的公司。个人发明人往往需要这些转让收益来收回发明的投资成本,为此他们会努力寻求潜在的授予方,而不得不维持专利到更长的时间。 本文提供一些实证证据来支持这个假说。在专利质量比较过程中,本文基于中国国家知识产权局的数据库,整理并建立了中国专利申请的详细数据并构建了若干质量指标。同时,作者利用谷歌专利数据库补充了专利权利要求项数量和专利引证这两个指标,为中国专利质量分析、知识传递与溢出提供了重要的数据来源。 相似文献
18.
中国国内创新主体拥有有效专利数量大幅增加,但是其专利运用水平以及专利收益能力没有及时提升,使得专利维持年费负担为创新的可持续发展造成一定的影响。在研究专利维持年费制度基本原理的基础上,通过对国内创新主体就专利维持年费相关制度调查结果分析发现：中国有效专利数量大幅增加的同时,创新主体也承受着过重的专利维持年费压力;专利维持年费制度是一种类似于税收杠杆的、能够促进创新的货币政策工具;现有专利维持年费制度不利于促进创新主体的可持续创新活动,对其进行全面改革有利于创新驱动战略的实施和知识产权强国建设。最后提出完善中国专利维持年费制度的建议。 相似文献
19.
《Research Policy》2023,52(9):104854
How patents affect follow-on innovation is a key question for the patent system. We disaggregate follow-on innovation into activities that infringe patents and others that do not infringe but can be indirectly affected by patents. Replicating an important study using our disaggregated measure, we find that 87 percent of follow-on scientific publications describing patented genes do not constitute patent infringement. Supplementing our empirical strategy with data on patent expiration dates, we find that gene patents which are not close to expiration cause an increase in noninfringing follow-on research, but the effect disappears for patents close to expiration. Our nuanced measure helps better identify the mechanisms of patents’ effect, reconcile disparate results in the literature, and evaluate policy reform. 相似文献
20.
This paper follows a bibliometric method for nanowire case to make evident the technological trends; to present the relationship between patents; to help the researchers to discover relatively significant patents and to analyse important relationships between patents to identify those with most commercial potential and those which are critical technologies. This research focuses on the nanowire case study due to fact that this field is one of the most mature nanostructures and is one of the highly invested fields in nanotechnology. In terms of methodological approach, this study uses a different patent collection method than previous studies. This new method offers a new taxonomy that could make a significant impact on accurate patent data quests and increase the reliability of the patent analyses. As patent data are valuable sources of technology innovation and for forecasting technical change, this study utilises nanowire patent documents to pick out the technological trends, to identify nanowire technologies which both have the most commercial potential and which are critical at the organisational, national and international levels. 相似文献