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1.
应俊生 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1994,32(5):389-410
秦岭是中国长江和黄河两大水系的分水岭，位于北纬32°5′至34°45′；东经104°30′至115°52′，最高峰达3767m。该山区是我国温带植物区系最丰实的地区之一，约有种子植物3124种，隶属于158科，892属。包括热带属220属，温带属563属，和中国特有属39属。根据该山区植物区系中各大科、主要植物群落优势种和组成种类的温带性质以及温带属在整个植物区系中的主导地位。该山区的植物区系和植被具有明显的温带性特点。特有种和非特有种的分析结果表明，该山区植物区系的特点还表现在高度特有性和以中国-日本森林植物区系为主体方面。 根据古植物学资料分析，秦岭地区植物区系的起源时间不会晚于晚白垩纪；植物群落的主要成份可能以原地生长的种类为主；秦岭及其邻近古老山区，不仅对自身的植物区系和植被具有较大的发生意义，而且对东亚植物区系具有始生性质。 相似文献
2.
为探讨山地植物区系构成特征及其垂直梯度的生态意义，根据对三峡大老岭地区植被垂直样带
调查获得的植物区系资料，分析了该地区植物区系成分构成的基本特征及其随海拔梯度的变化趋势，寻找了区系平衡点的位置；并利用聚类方法分析了山地气候垂直分异对区系成分构成的影响。结果表明：①大老岭植物区系具有温带性质，但仍反映了与热带区系的历史联系，有强烈的区域性；②属的分布区类型可归为热带分布、温带分布、地中海—中亚中心和东亚中心4组，各组区系成分的垂直梯度特征不同；热带、亚热带成分与温带成分的平衡点大致位于海拔650m；③区系成分构成和属的物种数量构成的聚类分析结果一致显示了植物区系构成与山地气候和植被垂直带相对应的格局。 相似文献
3.
湘西北壶瓶山自然保护区植物区系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
壶瓶山自然保护区具有丰富的植物区系成分，现知维管束植物有205科(蕨类和拟蕨类 植物40科，裸子植物7科，被子植物158科)，839属，约1961种(包括154变种)。其中，古 和原始的科、属不乏其代表。从种子植物属的分布区类型的比较分析，该区具有我国15个种子植物属的分布区类型中的14个，表明了与世界各地区植物区系的联系程度。另一方面，该 地区的植物区系虽含有丰富的热带成分，但根据各类温带属占该区总属数的百分比以及分布于该地区的中国特有属中的木本属几乎所有都是落叶的乔木或灌木，该区的植物区系性质明显偏重于温带性质。而且，这种温带性质可能与该区的山体海拔高度有着重要的联系。 相似文献
4.
台湾位于欧亚大陆东南缘的海洋中，地处热带的北部和亚热带的南部，约为21°45′~15°56′N，119°18′~124°34′E，是中国最大的岛屿。它是受季风气候强烈影响的地区之一，热量丰富，雨量充沛，干湿季明显。具有一个非常丰富的岛屿和山区植物区系。就其种子植物而言，约有186科，1201属，3656 种，包括热带属742属，温带属346属。根据台湾植物区系中各大科、主要植物群落优势种和中国特有种的地理分布以及热带属在整个植物区系中的主导地位，台湾地区的植物区系主体具有明显的亚热带性质。中国台湾本地特有种十分丰富，其比例远高于中国特有种的比例。这似乎表明台湾植物区系是一个古老区系在多次地质事件侵袭后又起活化的历史演变的结果。新老成分并存、共同发展是台湾植物区系的重要特点。通过台湾全部属和非特有种在周边地区地理分布的分析，中国台湾植物区系与中国大陆的关系最为密切，是东亚植物区系的重要组成部分，因此在植物分区上应属于泛北极植物区的东亚植物区系。 相似文献
5.
通过半个世纪以来对金佛山近2000号藓类植物标本的鉴定，现确定金佛山藓类植物有40科，133
属和245种(包括4亚种、9变种和1变型)。其区系成分以东亚成分为主(33．77％)，其次为温带成分
(28．57％)及热带、亚热带成分(24．68％)。文内还全面分析了金佛山藓类植物区系及我国南北8个山区藓
类植物区系之间的关系，用排序方法统计它们之间的相似性与非相似性系数，并着重就金佛山藓类植物区 系的过渡性特点作了探讨，提出在该山区与其邻近地区，存在一个苔藓植物东亚特有属的分布中心。 相似文献
6.
《内蒙古科技与经济》2017,(8)
对陈巴尔虎草甸草原自然保护区维管植物的组成特征、区系地理成分进行了分析,结果表明:该区植物种数较丰富,有维管植物61科240属466种,被子植物占优势。科的组成分析表明,优势科现象十分显著。种的地理成分分析表明,温带成分的种占优势,热带成分的属种所占比例很小,温带属性是该地区植物区系的基本属性。 相似文献
7.
张晓东 《内蒙古科技与经济》2018,(14)
本文对内蒙古赫尔洪德沙地樟子松自然保护区维管植物的组成特征、区系地理成分进行了分析。结果表明:该区植物种数较丰富,有维管植物65科226属448种,被子植物占优势,共444种。科的组成分析表明,优势科现象十分显著。种的地理成分分析表明,温带成分的种占优势,热带成分的种所占比例很小,主要以温带亚洲成分、北温带成分和旧大陆温带成分为主,表明温带属性是该地区植物区系的基本属性。区系地理成分复杂多样、联系广泛。 相似文献
8.
杜鹃花为杜鹃花科杜鹃属植物,分布于北半球温带及亚热带,主产于东亚和东南亚山区,以中国西南部横断山区最为丰富：杜鹃花科在世界上约有16属1000余种,我国仅3属,却有605种,云南有306个种和变种,占全国该属种类的一半以上。毫无疑问,中国是杜鹃花的原生地,而云南又为其分布中心。 相似文献
9.
本文用数值分类的关联分析方法对国产荚蒾属 Viburnum 所有72种的分布式样进行
了研究，旨在为中国植物区系分区的工作提供若干依据。中国荚蒾属的遗传变异中心是在中
南部而不在南部或西南部的事实强烈地暗示这是一个亚热带性质的属。 四川西南部是西部
特有成分最密集的地区。尽管横断山脉地区地形复杂，但那里只有几种荚蒾属植物。台湾的
种主要是亚热带性质的，而且大多数与大陆的种相同。这些种的分布式样展示我国台湾在区
系地理上与我国大陆或甚至日本有着比马来西亚地区更密切的亲缘关系。 本文总的结论大
体上与吴征镒教授关于中国种子植物区系的分区相符，但在某些次要方面有所不同。作者还 讨论了种的分布式样与自然地理、气候和植被的联系。 相似文献
10.
《西藏科技》2020,(8)
为了研究西藏高寒沼泽湿地植物群落特征和环境之间的关系,因此对乃朗湿地进行了研究。结果表明:乃朗湿地共记录到植物61种41属18科;植物科的地理成分以世界广布为主,植物属的地理成分以温带性质的分布类型主要组成;Shannon指数和水温与pH呈显著负相关,与水解性氮呈显著正相关;Simpson指数和水解性氮呈显著正相关;Pielou指数与环境因子无关;植物的地上生物量与Shannon多样性指数、水温、pH、总磷之间有相关性;依据水分梯度将乃朗湿地植物划分为旱生植物群落,湿生植物群落和沼生植物群落;含水量、盐度、水温、pH、总磷和速效磷是影响乃朗湿地植物群落分布主要环境因子。 相似文献
11.
中国种子植物特有属的数量分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
王荷生 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1985,23(4):241-258
Chinese flora with many endemic elements is highly important in the world’s
flora. According to recent statistics there are about 196 genera of spermatophytes, be-
ing 6.5% of total Chinese genera. These endemic genera comprising 377 species belong
to 68 families, among which the Gesneriaceae (28 genera), Umbelliferae (13), Compo-
sitae (13), Orchidaceae (12) and Labiatae (10) are predominant. The tropical type
containing 24 families and 80 genera is dominant. After it follows the temperate type
with 23 families and 50 genera. There are also 4 families endemic to China, i.e. Gin-
kgoaceae, Bretschneideraceae, Eucommiaceae and Davidiaceae. It shows that genera
endemic to China are obviously related to the tropical and temperate flora in essence.
The endemic monotypic genera (139) and endemic obligotypic genera (48) combin-
ed make up more than 95% of the total number of genera endemic to China. Phylo-
genetically more than half of them are ancient or primitive. The life forms of all ende-
mic genera are also diverse. Herbs, especially perennial herbs, prevail with the propor-
tion of about 62%, and trees and shrubs are the next, with 33%, and the rest are lianas.
Based upon the calculated number of genera endemic to China in each province and
the similarity coefficents between any two provinces, some conclusions may be drawn
as follows:
Yunnan and Sichuan Provinces combined are the distribution centre of genera en-
demic to China and may be their original or differentiation area, because numerous
endemic genera, including various groups, exist in these two provinces. The second is
Guizhou where there are 62 endemic genera. Others form a declining order, south
China, central China and east China. But towards the north China endemic genera de-
crease gradually, and the Qinling Range is an important distributional limit.
The largest simitarity coefficient, over 50%, appears between Shaanxi and Gansu
probably because of the Qinling Range linking these two provinces. But between any
other two provinces it is less than 30% and it is generaly larger between two south pro-
vinces than between two north provinces.
These characteristics mentioned above are correlated with topography and climate,
and they may be resulted from the diversification in geography and climatic influence
for a long time. 相似文献
12.
郎楷永 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1994,32(4):328-339
本文从兰科植物中一些属于中国-喜马拉雅植物亚区和中国-日本植物亚区典型分布属(或亚属的地理分布格局的研究，提出此两个植物亚区在我国四川省境内是以峨眉山和岷江为其分界，及这条线的走向是从南坪(九寨沟)，松潘(黄龙寺)、茂汶、灌县(光光山)、宝兴、二郎山(天全以西)、峨眉山、石棉、西昌、德昌、米易至攀枝花市。 相似文献
13.
本文首次报道四川八种当归属植物的染色体数目和核型。染色体基数x=11，除青海当归为四倍
体植物外，其余种类均为二倍体植物。金山当归 2n=22=20m+2sm；城口当归
2n=22=18m+2smsat+2sm；疏叶当归在不同地区有2种核型：2n=22=18m+4sm和
2n=22=16m+6sm；四川当归2n=22=16m+2smsat+4sm；茂汶当归2n=22=16m+6sm；青海当归
2n=4x=44=36m+8sm；当归2n= 22=14m+8sm；峨眉当归2n=22=10m+2sm+10st。除金山当归和
疏叶当归的部分居群核型为1A型外，其余种类均为2A型。根据核型的不对称性程度和外部形态分析
了各种类的演化水平，结合四川当归属植物的种类及地理分布，提出四川可能是当归属植物的原始中心和演化中心之一。 相似文献
14.
1) The Compositae in Tibet so far known comprise 508 species and 88 genera,
which nearly amounts to one fourth of the total number of genera and one third of the
total number of species of Compositae in all China, if the number of 2290 species and 220
genera have respectively been counted in all China. In Tibet there are all tribes of Com-
positae known in China, and surprisingly, the large tribes in Tibetan Compositae are
also large ones in all China and the small tribes in Tibet are also small ones in all China.
Generally speaking, the large genera in Tibet are also large ones in all China and the
small genera in Tibet are likewise small ones in all China. In this sense it is reasonable to
say that the Compositae flora of Tibet is an epitome of the Compositae flora of all China.
In the Compositae flora of Tibet, there are only 5 large genera each containing 30
species or more. They are Aster, Artemisia, Senecio, Saussurea and Cremanthodium. And
5 genera each containing 10—29 species. They are Erigeron, Anaphalis, Leontopodium,
Ajania, Ligularia and Taraxacum. In addition, there are 77 small genera, namely 87%
of the total of Compositae genera in Tibet, each comprising 1—9 species, such as Aja-niopsis, Cavea and Vernonia, etc.
2) The constituents of Compositae flora in Tibet is very closely related to those of
Sichuan-Yunnan provinces with 59 genera and 250 species in common. Such a situation
is evidently brought about by the geographycal proximity in which the Hengtuang Shan
Range links southeastern and eastern Tibet with northern and northwestern Sichuan-
Ynnnan. With India the Tibetan Compositae have 59 genera and 132 species in common,
also showing close floristic relationships between the two regions. Apparently the floris-
tic exchange of Compositae between Tibet and India is realized by way of the mountain
range of the Himalayas. The mountain range of the Himalayas, including the parallel
ranges, plays a important role as a bridge hereby some members of the Compositae of
western or northern Central Asia and of the northern Africa or of western Asia have
migrated eastwards or southeastwards as far as the southern part of Fibet and northern
part of India, or hereby some Compositae plants of eastern and southeastern Asia or
Asia Media have migrated northwestwards as the northern part of Central Asia.
Some of the species and genera in common to both Tibet and Sinjiang indicate that
this weak floristical relationship between these regions is principally realized through two
migration routes: one migration route is by way of the Himalayas including the parallel
ranges to Pamir Plataeu and Tien Shan, or vice versa. The other migration route is by
way of northern Sinjiang to Mongolia, eastern Inner Mongolia, southwards to Gansu,
Qinghai (or western Sichuan), eastern Tibet up to the Himalayas, or vice versa.
However, Tibet is not entirely situated at a migration crossroad of the floral ele-
ments. An ample amount of the data shows that Compositae flora have a particular
capability of development in Tibet. of the total number of species of Tibetan Com-
positae, 102 species and 1 genus (Ajaniopsis Shih) are endemic. Besides, 8 genera are re-
gional endemics with their range extending to its neighbourhood. The higher percentage
of endemics at specific level than at generic in Tibetan Compositae may be a result of
active speciation in response to the new enviromental conditions created by the uplifting
of the Himalayas. The flora in Tibetan Plateau as a whole appears to be of a younger
age.
3) The uprising of the Himalayas and of the Tibetan Plateau accompanied by the
ultraviolet ray radiation, the microthermal climate and the high wind pressure has, no
doubt, played a profound influence upon the speciation of the native elements of Tibetan
Compositae. The recent speciation is the main trend in the development of the Com-positae flora native in Tibet in the wake of upheaval of the plateau. 相似文献
15.
鄂西神农架地区的植被和植物区系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Shennungia is generally known as “The highest mountain in Central China”. It is
situated at latitude 31°342'N., longitude 110°35'E. in western Hupeh.
The area explored is deeply cut in all sides by five V-shaped valleys, giving the
landscape a steep topography. Its summit is about 3105 meters above the sea level, and
the relative altitude is from 1000-2000 meters.
The climate of the region is warm temperate. The differences of humidity-warmth
condition between the eastern and the western flanks are quite marked.
In western Hupeh and the adjacent area of Szechuan the rugged topography still
preserves some tracts of natural forests at higher elevations. Our vegetational survey
is confined to localities above 1500 meters. The collection of plant samples of the flora
is extended to the whole mountain from the foothill to the peak. The present article
deals with only a part of the results of our survey.
1. The vertical vegetation belts of Mt. Shennungia and relationships with other
regions: The vegetation belts on the eastern and the western flanks of the mountain
are shown in diagram 2 and 3. The comparison of the vertical vegetation zones of the
Mt. Shennungia with those of the Yülungshan in N. W. Yunnan and the eastern
Himalaya to the west and with those of Hwangshan and Central Japan to the east
is shown in table 4, It shows that the plant communities of the Mt. Shennungia are of
temperate nature, and they are more closely related to those of Hwangshan in S.
Anhwei and of Central Japan than to the eastern Himalaya.
2. Floristic composition: The generic ranges of flowering plant are relatively
distinct and stable. Various distributional patterns of genera are analysized.
1) Statistics of the genera in various distributional patterns: The total number
of genera of flowering plants in this region are 762, belonging to the following four
categories. A) tropical genera 239 (31.3%), B) temperate genera 416 (54.7%), C)
endemic genera 47 (6%), and D) comsmopolitan genera 61 (8%).
2) Endemic genera: An examination of the composition of the flora in western
Hupeh reveals that 47 endemic Chinese genera occur in this mountain of which 24 are
monotypic genera, 20 oligotypic and 2 multitypic as shown in Table 4. The arborescent
genera are nearly all deciduous. They are of temperate nature.
3) Temperate genera: There are 416 genera in wastern Hupeh. They are
subdivides into the following three groups according to their distributional patterns:
A) The north temperate genera: There are 159 genera belonging to 62 families in
western Hupeh. B) Eastern Asian genera: There are 117 genera belonging to 69
families in western Hupeh. Among them 22 are common to the western Szechuan,
adjacent regions of Yunnan and the Eastern Himalaya. The remaining 95 genera are
commom to both eastern China and Japan. C) The Eastern Asian-eastern North-
American genera: Of the total 762 genera known in western Hupeh, 64 are disjunc-
tively distributed in both eastern Asia and eastern North-America.
4) The tropical genera: Of the 762 genera of the flowering plant of western
Hupeh, 239 (31%) are of tropical nature.
Finally, our survey shows: 1. Many of the primitive temperate genera and ende-
mic relicts concentrate in western Hupeh and the adjacent region of Szechuan indica-
ting that it might be one of refuges of tertiary flora. Moreover, it might also be one
of the most important regions of differentiation, development and distribution of tem-
perature flora. 2. The vegetation of this region is not only of temperate nature, but
also of a transitional nature. 3. According to an analysis of the flora and a compari-
son of the vertical distribution of the vegetation of Yülungshan and Eastern Himalaya
to the west with Hwangshan and Central Japan to the east, the floristic affinity of
western Hupeh is more closely related to eastern China and Central Japan rather than
to the Eastern Himalaya, and phytogeographically this region is intermediate between
the Sino-Himalayan and the Sino-Japanese patterns. However, the problem of phyto-
geography of western Hupeh and the adjacent region of Szechuan is a complicated
one requiring further study.
相似文献
16.
东亚植物区系的一些分布式样和迁移路线 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
王文采 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1992,30(1):1-24
本文根据毛茛科等科的一些植物的地理分布划分出由西到东方向的7种分布式样和由西南到东
北方向的8种分布式样，并列出了属于每种式样的植物。根据这些分布式样和对一些植物的地理分布
和亲缘关系的分析，看出了自我国西南部分别向东、向西和向东北诸方向伸展出的三条迁移路线：(1)由
西南部向东，在北部沿秦岭和大别山(秦岭-大别山走廊)，在中部沿武陵山、幕阜山等山脉，在南部沿南
岭(南岭走廊)到达华东沿海地区、台湾或进一步到达日本和邻近地区；(2)从西南部向西达喜马拉雅山
区(喜马拉雅走廊)；(3)从横断山区向东北方向经秦岭、黄土高原东部、阴山、长白山和小兴安岭，到达西
伯利亚及相邻地区；这条迁移路线可称为中国西南－东北走廊，在第四纪冰期中曾是一些植物从西伯利
亚或我国东北到我国西南部之间的往返通道。此外，还根据半蒴苣苔和吊石苣苔的地理分布，根据光萼
唇柱苣苔和芒毛苣苔的分布，根据斑叶唇柱苣苔、齿叶吊石苣苔、华丽芒毛苣苔、显苞芒毛苣苔、毛线柱
苣苔、光叶楼梯草、多序楼梯草、华南楼梯草、细齿崖爬藤和长蓖木兰的地理分布，根据山豆根属、山桂花
属、盾片蛇菰、滇黔楼梯草、微柱麻和单蓖麻的地理分布，以及根据檬果樟属的地理分布，分别区分出下
列迁移路线：(1)从云南东南和广西西部向东北分布到华东和日本的一条迁移路线；(2)由云贵高原南部
向东沿南岭走廊达台湾的一条迁移路线；(3)由云贵高原南部和中南半岛北部向西沿云南高原的南缘和
西缘达我国西藏东南部或印度东北部，最后沿喜马拉雅走廊达尼泊尔的迁移路线；(4)由云南高原南部
和中南半岛北部向南经马来半岛到苏门答腊和爪哇岛，以及向东南经婆罗洲到菲律宾的二条迁移路
线。根据对一些植物的分析，以及上述诸迁移路线的辐射状分布格局，并根据有关古植物学的研究(被
子植物可能起源于赤道地区；北半球和南半球的温带植物区系是在中白垩纪分化出来的)，以及李惠林、
ВУЛЪВ和吴征镒等学者对我国植物区系的起源、性质等方面的重要论断，作者推测云贵高原和四川一带
可能是在中白垩纪，被子植物在赤道地区起源后向北半球扩展到达上述地区形成的一个重要发展中心，在这里发生了强烈的演化辐射，上述的诸条迁移路线就是这个辐射出现后的产物。 相似文献