共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 296 毫秒
1.
Mark Coeckelbergh 《Ethics and Information Technology》2010,12(3):209-221
Should we grant rights to artificially intelligent robots? Most current and near-future robots do not meet the hard criteria set by deontological and utilitarian theory. Virtue ethics can avoid this problem with its indirect approach. However, both direct and indirect arguments for moral consideration rest on ontological features of entities, an approach which incurs several problems. In response to these difficulties, this paper taps into a different conceptual resource in order to be able to grant some degree of moral consideration to some intelligent social robots: it sketches a novel argument for moral consideration based on social relations. It is shown that to further develop this argument we need to revise our existing ontological and social-political frameworks. It is suggested that we need a social ecology, which may be developed by engaging with Western ecology and Eastern worldviews. Although this relational turn raises many difficult issues and requires more work, this paper provides a rough outline of an alternative approach to moral consideration that can assist us in shaping our relations to intelligent robots and, by extension, to all artificial and biological entities that appear to us as more than instruments for our human purposes. 相似文献
2.
工业机器人与企业创新———基于人力资本视角 《科学学研究》2023,41(2):356-368
随着数字经济的飞速发展,工业机器人作为数智技术与制造技术深度融合的产物,如何赋能企业数智化转型并促进企业创新成为重大命题。本文基于企业创新理论,以人力资本为视角,选取2011-2019年中国工业机器人数据与上市公司创新数据为研究样本,实证探究了工业机器人对企业创新的影响,分析了人力资本的中介作用。研究结果表明:工业机器人对企业创新具有提升效应,这种提升效应在进行多种检验后保持稳健。进一步研究发现人力资本对企业创新水平提升起部分中介作用。工业机器人从增加高质量劳动力和提升现有员工技能水平两个维度提升企业人力资本水平,从而提升企业的创新水平。本文丰富了工业机器人对企业创新的研究,对助力企业数智化转型升级和推动数智技术赋能产业创新发展具有重要启示。 相似文献
3.
This article discusses mechanisms and principles for assignment of moral responsibility to intelligent robots, with special focus on military robots. We introduce the concept autonomous power as a new concept, and use it to identify the type of robots that call for moral considerations. It is furthermore argued that autonomous power, and in particular the ability to learn, is decisive for assignment of moral responsibility to robots. As technological development will lead to robots with increasing autonomous power, we should be prepared for a future when people blame robots for their actions. It is important to, already today, investigate the mechanisms that control human behavior in this respect. The results may be used when designing future military robots, to control unwanted tendencies to assign responsibility to the robots. Independent of the responsibility issue, the moral quality of robots’ behavior should be seen as one of many performance measures by which we evaluate robots. How to design ethics based control systems should be carefully investigated already now. From a consequentialist view, it would indeed be highly immoral to develop robots capable of performing acts involving life and death, without including some kind of moral framework. 相似文献
4.
[目的/意义]人工智能技术飞速发展,已被越来越多地应用于智慧图书馆的研究与实践。实现高校图书馆智能服务机器人的智慧化服务,可有效提升高校图书馆的服务效率,为智慧图书馆建设提供可行的参考案例。[方法/过程]运用语音技术、四元麦克风阵列、语音知识库、机器人运动控制等技术,以中国矿业大学图书馆为例,设计与实现了高校图书馆智能服务机器人,并探讨智能服务机器人提供智慧化服务的新模式。[结果/结论]实践证明,智能服务机器人可实现语音互动、智能咨询、信息播报、路线导引等智慧化服务,为读者提供智能化的互动体验,创新高校图书馆智慧服务模式,是高校图书馆向智慧化方向发展的重要探索。 相似文献
5.
全面采集智能机器人领域的专利文献,对智能机器人领域的全球专利申请态势、主要研发机构、热点技术及核心专利进行统计分析;在此基础上,对国内及广东省智能机器人领域的专利申请态势、主要研发机构及专利类型进行统计,并结合内容分析法、对比分析法,采用定量与定性相结合的方法,对广东省智能机器人产业的创新环境、行业标准基础、技术研发水平进行分析。在揭示广东省智能机器人产业技术现状、预测产业技术发展趋势的基础上提出相关对策建议,为政府有关管理部门和相关科研人员把握智能机器人产业技术现状、科学研判发展趋势、制定相关政策提供参考。 相似文献
6.
7.
Customers’ acceptance of artificially intelligent service robots: The influence of trust and culture
This study addresses two critical research gaps in human-robot interaction (HRI): the limited systematic research on the role of trust in customers’ acceptance of artificially intelligent (AI) robots; and the lack of understanding of robot acceptance under different cultural backgrounds. Drawing on the AIDUA framework, this study examines the impacts of trust and moderating effects of both national (the U.S. and China) and individual culture on customers’ intentions to use AI robots in hospitality services by developing a theoretical model. The model is tested on data collected using online data collection platforms from 491 U.S. and 495 Chinese respondents. PLS-SEM and the bootstrapping method were used to test the hypothesized relationships and analyze the moderating effects of culture, respectively. The findings suggest that trust in interaction with AI robots is a significant higher-order construct that influences the intention of use. Furthermore, uncertainty avoidance, long-term orientation, and power distance have been found to exhibit significant moderation effects. The results of this study extend the theoretical frameworks in HRI and provide detailed guidance to promote AI robot applications across different cultures. 相似文献
8.
工业机器人运用技术是指在现有工业机器人的基础上所研发的应用技术,其主要目的是增强工业机器人的感知适应能力、降低用户使用难度、缩短示教与编程时间、提高工业机器人的运动精度以及拓宽其应用范围。然而,工业机器人运用技术一直以来没有得到足够的重视,造成工业机器人的设计制造与应用需求脱节,不仅限制了工业机器人的应用和普及,也制约了工业机器人产业自身的大规模发展。文章针对现有工业机器人在制造自动化应用中所存在的问题,系统地归纳和分析了工业机器人运用技术的重点研发方向,主要包括:提高易用性的直觉示教与快捷编程、提高绝对定位精度的运动标定与误差补偿以及拓宽应用范围的力-运动混合控制等关键共性技术。部署和实施相关技术的研发对于提高我国工业机器人的运用水平、加快制造业向智能化升级的步伐具有重要的意义。 相似文献
9.
在已有战略分析模型的基础上,提出了企业应急反应战略动态能力模型.模型中定义了企业战略三定律,明确了企业战略和内外部因素之间的相互关系;提出了内外部因素的识别模型,从而根据因素的时间、空间、可能性、不确定性等,区分出其被企业处置的优先顺序;还就重要因素对企业利益相关者及资源能力影响进行了分析;最后,就模型的组织安排进行了探讨. 相似文献
10.
The one world, one science argument (so named by Rescher) isadvanced by Carl Sagan and others to support the thesis thatwe will be able to learn to converse with intelligent extraterrestrialsif and when we encounter them. The prima facie obstacle to extraterrestrialcommunication is that the aliens’ culture and geographyare bound to be so different from ours that we would find itextremely difficult, if not practically impossible, to finda common topic on which we can both converse. Sagan's rebuttalis that we will share mathematics and the laws of physics, thesebeing the same for all intelligent beings regardless of localcultural and geographical variations. I show that this argumentfails even if its contentious assumptions about science andthe world are granted—that is to say, it fails on uncontentiousgrounds.
- 1 OWOS
- 2 OWOS and Social Constructivism
- 3 OWOSand Conceptual Relativism
- 4 OWOS and the Selection Problem
- 5 The Fundamental Laws Solution
- 6 The Mathematics Solution
- 7 The Radio Solution
- 8 The Common Conditions Solution
- 9The Intractability of the Selection Problem
- 10 The Superfluityof OWOS
- 2 OWOS and Social Constructivism
11.
Among ethicists and engineers within robotics there is an ongoing discussion as to whether ethical robots are possible or
even desirable. We answer both of these questions in the positive, based on an extensive literature study of existing arguments.
Our contribution consists in bringing together and reinterpreting pieces of information from a variety of sources. One of
the conclusions drawn is that artifactual morality must come in degrees and depend on the level of agency, autonomy and intelligence
of the machine. Moral concerns for agents such as intelligent search machines are relatively simple, while highly intelligent
and autonomous artifacts with significant impact and complex modes of agency must be equipped with more advanced ethical capabilities.
Systems like cognitive robots are being developed that are expected to become part of our everyday lives in future decades.
Thus, it is necessary to ensure that their behaviour is adequate. In an analogy with artificial intelligence, which is the
ability of a machine to perform activities that would require intelligence in humans, artificial morality is considered to
be the ability of a machine to perform activities that would require morality in humans. The capacity for artificial (artifactual)
morality, such as artifactual agency, artifactual responsibility, artificial intentions, artificial (synthetic) emotions,
etc., come in varying degrees and depend on the type of agent. As an illustration, we address the assurance of safety in modern
High Reliability Organizations through responsibility distribution. In the same way that the concept of agency is generalized in the case of artificial agents, the concept of moral agency, including responsibility, is generalized too. We propose to look at artificial moral agents as having functional responsibilities within a network
of distributed responsibilities in a socio-technological system. This does not take away the responsibilities of the other
stakeholders in the system, but facilitates an understanding and regulation of such networks. It should be pointed out that
the process of development must assume an evolutionary form with a number of iterations because the emergent properties of
artifacts must be tested in real world situations with agents of increasing intelligence and moral competence. We see this
paper as a contribution to the macro-level Requirement Engineering through discussion and analysis of general requirements
for design of ethical robots. 相似文献
12.
机电液一体化技术及其在工业机器人中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
概述了“机电液一体化”在工程机械中的意义及其所包含的内容.概括了国内外机电液一体化技术在工业机器人中的发展概况.从液压系统的高压化、电子器件的灵敏化与智能化、节能增效、软件平台的重要作用、智能机群的协同作业、ER流体技术等6个方面阐述了机电液一体化技术在工业机器人中的发展趋势.指出了加强机、电、液一体化的程度将是我国发展工业机器人的关键. 相似文献
13.
随着人们对医疗健康手段和过程提出的精准、微创、高效及低成本等方面的更高需求,医疗康复机器人技术也获得了各国的极大关注,并得到了日新月异的发展。目前医疗康复机器人主要用于外科手术、功能康复及辅助护理等方面,但随着重要技术的突破和进展,未来机器人技术有可能会应用到医疗健康的各个领域。医疗康复领域越来越倾向于人与机器自然、精准的交互,近年来,以人的智能和机器智能结合及人机交互为代表的技术突破使得人与机器之间的结合越来越紧密,借助人机交互技术和方法,将人的智能和机器智能结合起来,使二者优势互补、协同工作,并将在医疗康复方面孕育出重大的理论创新和技术方法突破。社会需求、技术革新和人机智能融合极大的促进了医疗康复机器人的发展。医疗康复机器人涉及人类生命健康的特殊领域,存在潜在的经济市场,已被多个国家列为战略性新兴产业,我国也需进一步大力开展医疗康复机器人的研发,推动该战略新兴产业的发展,以应对我国国民对健康服务的需求(医疗、康复及老龄化)。 相似文献
14.
Leopoldina Fortunati Mauro Sarrica Giovanni Ferrin Sonia Brondi Furio Honsell 《The Information Society》2018,34(3):141-152
We investigate youths' conceptualization of social robots. Informed by Schudson's theory of the potency of the cultural object, we conducted two studies. The first study centered on essays on social robots written by bachelor's and master's students. The second study centered on prototypes of social robots built by small groups comprised of same students. The essays and prototypes were content analyzed. The results confirm that social robots embody all five dimensions that characterize cultural objects. However, to fully understand this peculiar cultural object, another dimension needs to be introduced: dynamicity. 相似文献
15.
机器人技术发展对就业的影响——职业替代的视角 《科学学研究》2022,40(3):443-453
机器人技术在中国发展极为迅速，关于机器人对中国就业市场的影响研究显得尤为重要。本文从职业层面出发，运用LASSO回归和随机森林的方法测算出了O*NET上435个职业（对应中国职业分类大典中千余个细分职业）的被替代可能性。分析结果表明，我国有大约33%的劳动力处于高风险等级，性别、年龄、受教育水平和工资都与被替代可能性有显著的相关关系。最后，本文探究了机器人对未来中国就业的影响。在产业结构调整顺利进行的背景下，若中国未来三十年GDP平均增长率达到5.5%左右，机器人对劳动力的替代效应并不会对总体就业水平产生很大的冲击。在产业结构调整不到位的情况下，机器人对劳动力的替代效应将给中国就业带来严峻挑战。 相似文献
16.
Bertram F. Malle 《Ethics and Information Technology》2016,18(4):243-256
Robot ethics encompasses ethical questions about how humans should design, deploy, and treat robots; machine morality encompasses questions about what moral capacities a robot should have and how these capacities could be computationally implemented. Publications on both of these topics have doubled twice in the past 10 years but have often remained separate from one another. In an attempt to better integrate the two, I offer a framework for what a morally competent robot would look like (normally considered machine morality) and discuss a number of ethical questions about the design, use, and treatment of such moral robots in society (normally considered robot ethics). Instead of searching for a fixed set of criteria of a robot’s moral competence I identify the multiple elements that make up human moral competence and probe the possibility of designing robots that have one or more of these human elements, which include: moral vocabulary; a system of norms; moral cognition and affect; moral decision making and action; moral communication. Juxtaposing empirical research, philosophical debates, and computational challenges, this article adopts an optimistic perspective: if robotic design truly commits to building morally competent robots, then those robots could be trustworthy and productive partners, caretakers, educators, and members of the human community. Moral competence does not resolve all ethical concerns over robots in society, but it may be a prerequisite to resolve at least some of them. 相似文献
17.
如何与产业融合是人工智能技术发展的关键。鉴于“万物皆媒”的未来场景,对智能媒体技术的发展趋势、技术集群演变和国际竞争态势研究对媒体行业及其相关行业的发展,国家核心竞争力的提高都至关重要。本文对2008年至2020年间的专利数据进行检索,鉴别出75 051条德温特专利数据作为分析基础。采取关键词、专利代码及学科领域相结合的方法确定了智能媒体技术涉及的专利范围;结合时间变迁和聚类分析将智能媒体技术的发展分为平稳、迅速、平缓和迅猛发展四个阶段;利用共词分析建立了不同专利代码之间的共现关系,利用社会化网络分析将共现关系可视化,识别出不同阶段的主要技术集群;结合企业专利拥有量及所属国家分析了智能媒体技术的国际竞争态势。基于以上定量分析从媒体业务与智能技术融合视角提出了媒体机构的智能化战略建议,从智能媒体技术研发、行业应用、国际竞争力提升视角提出了智能媒体产业发展政策建议。本文基于专利测度从发展趋势、技术集群演变和国际竞争态势三方面分析了智能媒体技术发展规律,为从专利视角对人工智能技术与产业融合的研究提供了方法体系。 相似文献
18.
随着中国工业机器人投资数量增长迅猛,工业机器人应用与劳动力结构转变之间关系值得关注。本文的模型分析表明：工业机器人的技术进步会加大对工业机器人对低技能劳动力的替代,但同时会提升对中、高技能劳动力的互补性需求,进而能够促进一国的劳动力结构转型。通过对1990-2015年间22个国家或地区的经验数据分析表明,不断增长的工业机器人投入正在缓慢地促进发达国家的劳动力结构转型,其高技能劳动力比例在逐年上升,韩国等新兴经济体的表现尤为突出。本文给出了推进工业机器人应用、促进中国劳动力结构转型的具体政策建议。 相似文献
19.
机器人技术作为20世纪自动控制领域的一项伟大成就已经取得了长足的发展,移动机器人也越来越多地应用到了各个行业中。移动机器人具有高度自规划、自组织和自适应能力,适合工作于复杂的非结构化环境中。本文以自主移动机器人为背景,着重对其关键的路径规划技术进行研究和探讨。 相似文献
20.
The development of autonomous, robotic weaponry is progressing rapidly. Many observers agree that banning the initiation of lethal activity by autonomous weapons is a worthy goal. Some disagree with this goal, on the grounds that robots may equal and exceed the ethical conduct of human soldiers on the battlefield. Those who seek arms-control agreements limiting the use of military robots face practical difficulties. One such difficulty concerns defining the notion of an autonomous action by a robot. Another challenge concerns how to verify and monitor the capabilities of rapidly changing technologies. In this article we describe concepts from our previous work about autonomy and ethics for robots and apply them to military robots and robot arms control. We conclude with a proposal for a first step toward limiting the deployment of autonomous weapons capable of initiating lethal force. 相似文献