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中国科学基金应加强对科学不端行为的防范 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2
为了维护科学的纯洁和严肃性 ,从科学诞生时起 ,就一直存在科学与科学中存在的不端行为之间的斗争。本文从回顾历史上不端行为开始 ,估计了现代科学家作弊的发生率 ,重点分析了中国科学基金运行过程中发生不端行为的可能性及其防范措施。 相似文献
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This article is part II of a three part series. In part I we described the theoretical framework for developing an “intelligent information retrieval” tool, based on three principles from medical diagnosis theory. In part II, the present article, we outline a prototype of an “intelligent” IR tool, whose purpose is to facilitate information access for an undergraduate seeking information for a history term paper. Our objective is to create a tool that will (i) draw-out the undergraduate's query to the information system by taking the student through the task of doing the term paper and (ii) diagnose the student's information need by measuring his or her degree of topic integration. The degree of integration indicates a class of information need. The classes of information need are based on Kuhlthau's six stage information search process (ISP) model (each stage is a separate information need, demanding different information to satisfy it). The measurement instrument is based on (i) principles from Shannon's mathematical theory of communication and (ii) principles of uncertainty expansion and reduction from differential diagnosis theory. 相似文献
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科学研究中的不规范行为与信息污染 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
信息污染是信息时代的必然产物,导致信息污染的原因很多,其中科学研究中的不规范行为是导致信息污染的主要原因之一,本文侧重分析了科学研究中不规范行为与信息污染的关系,指出这类信息污染对科学信息的传播具有极大的负面影响 相似文献
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This paper is a part of our attempt to build a new knowledge-based theory of the firm and organization to explain the dynamic process of knowledge creation and utilization. For this, we revisit the theory of knowledge creation through the SECI process and ba, and try to advance them further by incorporating the dialectic thinking. In this paper, knowledge creation is conceptualized as a dialectical process, in which various contradictions are synthesized through dynamic interactions among individuals, the organization, and the environment. With the view of a firm as a dialectic being, and strategy and organization should be re-examined as the synthesizing and self-transcending process instead of a logical analysis of structure or action. An organization is not an information-processing machine that is composed of small tasks to carry out a given task, but an organic configuration of ba. Ba, which is conceptualized as a shared context in motion, can transcend time, space, and organization boundaries to create knowledge. 相似文献
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Knowledge assets have become relevant to every organization and society since they are the most valuable product and production means in the knowledge economy. But measuring intangible assets still remains a challenge. The emerging knowledge-based view is still far from being a widely accepted theory. Researchers in this field are faced with knowledge-based value dynamics, changing environments and uncertainty. Knowledge assets are embedded capabilities in individuals, organizations or societies. This research is focused on the design of artifacts that enhance Intelligence Capital. Intelligence, understood in a comprehensive manner, is a knowledge asset that leverages adaptive capabilities through information gathering, sense-making and adaptation. From this approach, developing Intelligence Capital means to increase adaptive capabilities to make better decisions supported on internal and external knowledge. The purpose of this research is to apply the Intelligence Capital framework to a Technology Development Centre at the Tecnologico de Monterrey. It is expected that through this intervention, Intelligence Capital capabilities of this Centre can be assessed and managed. This model is an innovating proposal that deals with Capital Systems, adaptive capabilities and complexity. 相似文献
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This paper addresses the flow control design of a connection-oriented communication network from the robust control theory perspective. Network is modelled as a nth order discrete system whose first order model is obtained using the two-time scale property associated with the process. The proposed scheme is characterised by an equivalent control based discrete sliding mode design for the first order model which is applied to nth order systems through aggregation. Besides its design simplicity, the proposed method exhibits finite time convergence property for the states while applied to the full order system emulating the characteristics of terminal sliding mode in a certain way. Simulation results via Matlab and ns-2 validate the efficacy of the proposed algorithm as an effective flow controller for connection-oriented networks. 相似文献
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TRIZ理论推广层面及模式的探讨 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
论述了如何在高等院校、企业和科研院所三个群体中推广与应用TRIZ理论。在TRIZ理论推广与应用过程中,高等院校主要起到人才培养与创新理论再研究的作用,科研院所应用TRIZ理论拓展思维、寻求技术关键问题解决方案,并为企业创新提供技术支撑,而TRIZ理论的成功应用与否主要取决于其在企业中应用的实效。实现高等院校、科研院所与企业三个群体共同推广应用TRIZ理论,将是建设创新型四川乃至创新型国家的重要途径。 相似文献
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This research aims to contribute to understanding the implementation of knowledge management systems (KMS) in the field of health through a case study, leading to theory building and theory extension. We use the concept of the business process approach to knowledge management as a theoretical lens to analyse and explore how a large teaching hospital developed, executed and practically implemented a KMS. A qualitative study was conducted over a 2.5 year period with data collected from semi-structured interviews with eight members of the strategic management team, 12 clinical users and 20 patients in addition to non-participant observation of meetings and documents. The theoretical propositions strategy was used as the overarching approach for data analysis. Our case study provides evidence that true patient centred approaches to supporting care delivery with a KMS benefit from process thinking at both the planning and implementation stages, and an emphasis on the knowledge demands resulting from: the activities along the care pathways; where cross-overs in care occur; and knowledge sharing for the integration of care. The findings also suggest that despite the theoretical awareness of KMS implementation methodologies, the actual execution of such systems requires practice and learning. Flexible, fluid approaches through rehearsal are important and communications strategies should focus heavily on transparency incorporating both structured and unstructured communication methods. 相似文献
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Justine Johnstone 《Ethics and Information Technology》2007,9(1):73-87
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创新实施是创新的应有之意和关键组成部分，而服从性对创新实施具有重要作用。围绕服从性对创新实施的影响关系问题，从组织“内生观”视角出发，根据服从性在“认知主动性——行为灵活性”维度上的不同情况，于一手数据基础上，通过多案例研究发现：组织服从性通过传承机制、复制机制和能动机制共同作用于创新实施，分别在保证实施基础稳定性、提升实施速度和效率、破解实施中关键性障碍方面具有重要影响，进而构建出创新实施能力“阶梯式上升”的理论模型。研究补强了创新实施相关理论，丰富了组织情境下服从性的表现形态，细化了服从性与创新实施的作用机理；在实践上为企业提升创新实施能力，培养并强化组织服从性提供参考。 相似文献
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代际知识转移是保持组织知识持续性和创新能力的一种有效方式,而年长员工的代际知识转移意愿是启动该项活动的一个重要前提。基于传承理论的视角,本文提出"被需感"、"印记感"和"人生意义"需求是年长员工代际知识转移意愿的三个重要前因。通过对219份样本数据的PLS分析,本文发现"被需感"需求会对年长员工代际知识转移意愿产生积极影响;"印记感"需求对年长员工代际知识转移意愿没有直接作用,但会通过"被需感"需求的中介对年长员工代际知识转移意愿产生积极影响;"人生意义"需求不仅对年长员工代际知识转移意愿产生直接积极影响,还会通过"被需感"需求的部分中介对年长员工代际知识转移意愿产生间接促进作用。本文的研究结论在一定程度上回答了"年长员工为什么愿意转移知识给年轻员工?"这个问题,且能够对代际知识转移理论和实践做出一定的贡献。 相似文献
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针对当前城市中普遍存在的停车难及停车场管理不规范的问题,提出了一种基于ZigBee技术的智能停车场管理系统.通过安装在每个车位上方的超声波车位探测器,实时采集停车场的各个车位的车辆信息.连接探测器的节点控制器会按照轮询的方式,对所连接的各个探测器信息进行收集,并按照一定规则将数据压缩编码后反馈给中央控制器,由中央控制器完成数据处理,并将处理后的车位数据发送到停车场各个车位引导屏进行空车位信息的显示,从而实现引导车辆进入空余车位的功能.系统同时将数据传送给计算机,由计算机将数据存放到数据库服务器,用户可通过计算机终端查询停车场的实时车位信息及车场的年、月、日的统计数据.本方法比传统的停车场管理方式更加准确、便捷、高效. 相似文献
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Cybersecurity is a serious threat to information technology (IT) systems, with most organisations now relying on their IT systems to function day-to-day. Therefore, it is crucial that organisations ensure they are protected. This research investigates the emotional and coping responses of employees towards a cyber-attack. Data was collected through an in-depth case study approach (24 semi-structured interviews) conducted at a global manufacturing company, along with primary observations and a corpus of secondary materials. Our data analysis applied a grounded approach which was then refined using an emotion theoretic lens with the application of Technology Threat Avoidance Theory (TTAT). Drawing on structural appraisal theory, our findings indicate the IT security team in the case study oscillated between positive problem-focused coping and negative emotion-focused coping. A key explanatory feature or turnaround mechanism that mediated this oscillation was senior management empathy and resource mobilization. Building on the analyses, a conceptual model is developed called the Transformation of Coping through Empathic Leadership (T-CEL). The research suggests the crucial role that senior management play in transforming the emotional and coping capabilities of employees through their intervention and support. The study extends the IS Security theoretical background through a TTAT-lens for the analysis of cyber-attack incidents. 相似文献
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王尚达 《科学．经济．社会》2006,24(2):21-24,28
20世纪80年代,西方国有经济出现许多弊端,社会日益丧失活力,而国际竞争却在不断加强。面对挑战,西方国家大力削减和调整政府职权,并充分运用和完善市场原则,逐步建立起新的国有经济运行机制和模式。改革取得了明显效益,但今后还将面临一些新的困难和社会问题。 相似文献
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联结主义理论通过模拟大脑神经结构的运作来研究认知行为。该理论的基本特征是分布式表征和浮现特征。通过联结主义理论对语言习得进行研究是认知科学的一个重要组成部分,能够深化我们对语言习得过程的认识。 相似文献
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Regulatory policy as innovation: Constructing rules of engagement for a technological zone of tissue engineering in the European Union 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Alex Faulkner 《Research Policy》2009,38(4):637-646
This paper addresses the question of the part that regulation plays in processes of innovation in sectors of technology. The politico-economic phenomenon of ‘Europe’ is partly constituted by regulatory regime-building, and new technologies are one of the major sites of regime-building. A constructionist social theory perspective shows that study of the conflictual processes of regulatory policymaking affords insights into the formation of the rules of engagement that constitute technology domains. Adopting the concept of emergent ‘technological zone’ in preference to industrial ‘sector’ or technoscientific network, the paper presents, using empirical research, a detailed account of the case of the debate and development of regulatory policy for therapeutic tissue engineering in the European Union's policy institutions and stakeholder networks. It describes how the jurisdiction of an emergent zone has been formed through such negotiations, providing a counter-example to the common view that regulation ‘lags behind’ innovation. The analysis takes account particularly of the part played by the malleability of the definition of the material technology itself in such constructive governance processes, and it also suggests various consequences for the array of producers of the technology, for market structuring and for the innovation pathways taken by tissue engineering technology. Concluding, the paper argues that there is conceptual advance to be made by bringing together constructionist social theory with innovation studies approaches that highlight the part played by non-firm, public institutions in shaping innovation ecologies. 相似文献