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Gerhard H. R. Reisig 《Information processing & management》1978,14(6):405-417
Information-systems are classified into two types, termed “Evidence-of Existence” and “Presentation” of information. The objective of the evidence-type system lies in the domain of documentation and retrieval of information. The structure of this system-type is developed, with application of cybernetic concepts, as an isomorphic model in analogy to the system-structure of communication technology. The latter postulates three criteria of structuring: (1) Source-Channel-Sink, with input-output characteristics, (2) Filter-type communication-channel, (3) Reversable code. These criteria are applied to the structuring of information-systems of the evidence-of-existence type. For the purpose of two-way communication the information-systems have to be represented by closed-loop models. The selective-retrieval requirements necessitate the system-channel to be a filter of information. These information-filters are implemented by keyword-phrases, being identical with the codewords. They yield a uniquely decodable code which is totally reversible to adequately serve both the documentation and the retrieval of documents. It is proven that hierarchic information-systems, applying categorization or subject-heading objects of information, do not meet the mandatory code-requirements. The inherent coding-deficiencies of hierarchic systems generate intolerable retrieval ambiguities. The same critique applies to the thesaurus concept. The development of a novel species of thesaurus is suggested, realizing a kind of Linnéan encyclopedia of general human knowledge, presenting all relevant interrelations of objects of knowledge. Such thesaurus would provide the much needed support for formulating efficient search queries. Other relevant features of communication technology, like the information-potential, should be isomorphically transformed into information-system models. 相似文献
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叙词在网络环境中的应用 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
本文叙述了叙词在网络环境下的三种应用模式，在一些专业性的网站以及网关检索系统中用叙词直接标引和检索是非常的普遍；叙词由于其概念定义明确，有很好的词问关系的显示，叙词能在基于关键词检索的搜索引擎中实现检索式的扩展的功能；不同部门对所拥有的资料和图书馆等信息源一般所采用的不同的叙词表或采用分类法，在网络环境下，通过一种主题的途径来检索这些信息是信息情报界研究的一个热点，叙词在这方面有着重要的作用。 相似文献
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《Information processing & management》1999,35(2):101-119
Networked information retrieval aims at the interoperability of heterogeneous information retrieval (IR) systems. In this paper, we show how differences concerning search operators and database schemas can be handled by applying data abstraction concepts in combination with uncertain inference. Different data types with vague predicates are required to allow for queries referring to arbitrary attributes of documents. Physical data independence separates search operators from access paths, thus solving text search problems related to noun phrases, compound words and proper nouns. Projection and inheritance on attributes support the creation of unified views on a set of IR databases. Uncertain inference allows for query processing even on incompatible database schemas. 相似文献
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We report on the design and construction of features of an automated query system which will assist pharmacologists who are not information specialists to access the Derwent Drug File (DDF) pharmacological database. Our approach was to first elucidate those search skills of the search intermediary which might prove tractable to automation. Modules were then produced which assist in the three important subtasks of search statement generation, namely vocabulary selection, the choice of context indicators and query reformulation. Vocabulary selection is facilitated by approximate string matching, morphological analysis, browsing and menu searching. The context of the study, such as treatment or metabolism, is determined using a system of advisory menus. The task of query reformulation is performed using user feedback on retrieved documents, thesaurus relations between document index terms and term postings data. Use is made of diverse information sources, including electronic forms of printed search aids, a thesaurus and a medical dictionary. The system will be of use both to semicasual users and experienced intermediaries. Many of the ideas developed should prove transportable to domains other than pharmacology: the techniques for thesaurus manipulation are designed for use with any hierarchical thesaurus. 相似文献
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《Information processing & management》2002,38(2):273-291
With the growing focus on what is collectively known as “knowledge management”, a shift continues to take place in commercial information system development: a shift away from the well-understood data retrieval/database model, to the more complex and challenging development of commercial document/information retrieval models. While document retrieval has had a long and rich legacy of research, its impact on commercial applications has been modest. At the enterprise level most large organizations have little understanding of, or commitment to, high quality document access and management. Part of the reason for this is that we still do not have a good framework for understanding the major factors which affect the performance of large-scale corporate document retrieval systems. The thesis of this discussion is that document retrieval—specifically, access to intellectual content—is a complex process which is most strongly influenced by three factors: the size of the document collection; the type of search (exhaustive, existence or sample); and, the determinacy of document representation. Collectively, these factors can be used to provide a useful framework for, or taxonomy of, document retrieval, and highlight some of the fundamental issues facing the design and development of commercial document retrieval systems. This is the first of a series of three articles. Part II (D.C. Blair, The challenge of commercial document retrieval. Part II. A strategy for document searching based on identifiable document partitions, Information Processing and Management, 2001b, this issue) will discuss the implications of this framework for search strategy, and Part III (D.C. Blair, Some thoughts on the reported results of Text REtrieval Conference (TREC), Information Processing and Management, 2002, forthcoming) will consider the importance of the TREC results for our understanding of operating information retrieval systems. 相似文献
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《汉语主题词表》是我国情报检索语言发展历史中的一个里程碑。在网络时代,《汉语主题词表》将得到新的发展和应用。文章针对《汉语主题词表》的现状,回顾了它的编制和修订历史,其作为情报语言检索工具,在信息组织中发挥了重要作用。对如何在知识组织中发挥作用,如何在网络环境下构筑适应计算机环境的新型词表,向网络环境下的词系统推进,作者提出了新的发展思路和策略方法。 相似文献
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《Information processing & management》1999,35(3):381-400
The VISION (video indexing for searching over networks) digital video library system has been developed in our laboratory as a testbed for evaluating automatic and comprehensive mechanisms for video archive creation and content-based search, filtering and retrieval of video over local and wide area networks. In order to provide access to video footage within seconds of broadcast, we have developed a new pipelined digital video processing architecture which is capable of digitizing, processing, indexing and compressing video in real time on an inexpensive general purpose computer. These videos were automatically partitioned into short scenes using video, audio and closed-caption information. The resulting scenes are indexed based on their captions and stored in a multimedia database. A client-server-based graphical user interface was developed to enable users to remotely search this archive and view selected video segments over networks of different bandwidths. Additionally, VISION classifies the incoming videos with respect to a taxonomy of categories and will selectively send users videos which match their individual profiles. 相似文献
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R S Marcus 《Journal of the American Society for Information Science》1983,34(6):381-404
An experimental computer intermediary system, CONIT, that assists users in accessing and searching heterogeneous retrieval systems has been enhanced with various search aids. Controlled experiments have been conducted to compare the effectiveness of the enhanced CONIT intermediary with that of human expert intermediary search specialists. Some 16 end users, none of whom had previously operated either CONIT or any of the four connected retrieval systems, performed searches on 20 different topics using CONIT with no assistance other than that provided by CONIT itself (except to recover from computer/software bugs). These same users also performed searches on the same topics with the help of human expert intermediaries who searched using the retrieval systems directly. Sometimes CONIT and sometimes the human expert were clearly superior in terms of such parameters as recall and search time. In general, however, users searching alone with CONIT achieved somewhat higher online recall at the expense of longer session times. We conclude that advanced experimental intermediary techniques are now capable of providing search assistance whose effectiveness at least approximates that of human intermediaries in some contexts. Also analyzed is the cost effectiveness of current intermediary systems. Finally, consideration is given to the prospects for much more advanced systems which would perform such functions as automatic data-base selection and the simulation of human experts, and thereby make information retrieval more effective for all classes of users. 相似文献
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基于科技文献检索的信息发现与信息检索,探讨VIP、CNKI、万方数据知识服务平台系统功能在课题检索中的应用。在信息发现方面,综合运用各数据库系统功能寻找检索概念的同义词、课题相关的分类号和所属学科类别、抽象检索概念的相关词、课题相关的研究机构和研究者。在信息检索方面,根据各系统的功能特点不同,制定相应的课题检索策略——主题 相似文献
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搜索引擎的功能及其局限性探讨 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
搜索引擎具有网上信息收集、组织和检索三大功能，由于受人为因素和技术因素的影响，目前搜索引擎存在信息标引深度不够、信息占有量不足，查准率低，查全率不高，技术发展不完善，检索功能不全、索引数据库更新困难，挤占网络带宽、分工协作不强等局限性。 相似文献
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文章阐述了情报检索语言一体化原理，并就其在网络搜索引擎、网络数据库及一体化检索系统（UMLS）中体育信息检索的应用状况进行了研究，探讨了应用一体化的情报检索语言检索体育信息的策略。最后，文章分析了存在的问题并给出了相应建议。 相似文献
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Direct end-user data entry and retrieval is a major factor in achieving an economical information retrieval system. To be effective, such a system would have to provide a thesaurus structure which leads novice end-users to browse subject areas before retrieval and yet provides control and coverage of terms in a domain. A faceted hierarchical thesaurus organization has been designed to accomplish this goal. 相似文献
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In this paper, we present the state of the art in the field of information retrieval that is relevant for understanding how to design information retrieval systems for children. We describe basic theories of human development to explain the specifics of young users, i.e., their cognitive skills, fine motor skills, knowledge, memory and emotional states in so far as they differ from those of adults. We derive the implications these differences have on the design of information retrieval systems for children. Furthermore, we summarize the main findings about children’s search behavior from multiple user studies. These findings are important to understand children’s information needs, their search strategies and usage of information retrieval systems. We also identify several weaknesses of previous user studies about children’s information-seeking behavior. Guided by the findings of these user studies, we describe challenges for the design of information retrieval systems for young users. We give an overview of algorithms and user interface concepts. We also describe existing information retrieval systems for children, in specific web search engines and digital libraries. We conclude with a discussion of open issues and directions for further research. The survey provided in this paper is important both for designers of information retrieval systems for young users as well as for researchers who start working in this field. 相似文献
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本文介绍了支持虚拟资源透明检索的词表转换的三种主要转换方法，多语言词表方式，一对一映射方式和总体词表方式，举例说明了后两者的实现形式和问题。 相似文献
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对国家知识产权局专利检索与服务系统、中国知识产权网专利信息服务平台等9个在线专利服务系统的基本情况、专利检索功能和统计分析功能3个方面进行了具体而详细的比较和评价,为专利使用人员及专业人员选择在线专利服务系统提供指导和帮助。 相似文献
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Due to their ready availability, database management systems are being applied to bibliographic databases with increasing frequency. This is being done in spite of the fact that although DBMS query languages tend to be very powerful, they are far too complex for the casual user. It is proposed that PSI, an existing virtual-system intermediary for document retrieval systems, be extended to include access to DBMS containing bibliographic data in order to circumvent the complexity problem or the casual user. PSI currently provides a common command language for access to multiple document retrieval systems. It is shown that PSI could be extended to provide this same command language to access DBMS, whether the DBMS are relational or network. 相似文献