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1.
基于对上海地区四所小学的田野调查,考察教师在“赋权增能”政策条件下,如何处理课程改革中所面临的问题,及其所处教师共同体的影响。研究发现：课程改革给教师造成的压力客观上推进了教师发展和教师专业学习共同体的构建;课程改革在赋权增能的同时赋予教师高度问责,造成教师不愿承担赋权,而教师专业学习共同体以群体分责来支持教师的赋权增能;未来课程改革应当寻求赋权、增能和问责的平衡,并推进教师专业学习共同体的建设,从而支持教师真正成为课程改革的“代理人”。 相似文献
2.
高师课程改革必须以中小学教师专业发展为目标——基于对175名中小学校长、管理人员和教师的调查与思考 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
ZUO Rui-yong WANG Wei-hong 《课程.教材.教法》2008,(7)
对175名中小学校长、管理人员和教师的调查表明,他们对高师院校培养的新教师的专业素养满意度不高,凸显了高师课程体系在中小学职前教师培养中的缺陷。高师课程迫切需要改革,高师课程改革必须以中小学教师专业发展为目标。具体而言,高师课程改革必须着力涵养职前教师的师范素质,锤炼职前教师的实践智慧,强化职前教师的研究意识与研究能力,提升职前教师的专业自觉。 相似文献
3.
This study examines: 1) how Korean elementary school teachers perceive recent curriculum reforms; 2) where their perceptions emanate from; and 3) what support teachers need in order to implement curriculum reforms actively and effectively. This study has shown that teachers generally harbour negative and unconstructive feelings about curriculum reform. These feelings negatively impact their involvement in and commitment to implementing reform. Several issues to be considered for teacher training and support evolved from our analysis of teachers' perceptions of the curriculum reform and the implementation: first, teachers are insufficiently provided with professional development programmes that support curriculum implementation; second, teachers lack opportunities to work through implementation problems and difficulties with peer teachers; and last, contextual and cultural constraints inhibit implementation of curriculum reform. Based upon these findings, this study makes several suggestions for teacher educators and curriculum policymakers. 相似文献
4.
我国新一轮基础教育课程改革对教师专业发展提出了新的挑战。这就要求教师必须适应课程改革的要求,全面提升素质,实现专业发展。本文阐述了新课程对教师专业发展提出的新挑战,探讨了新课程改革视域下促进教师专业化发展的基本策略。 相似文献
5.
Libby F. Gerard Jane B. Bowyer Marcia C. Linn 《Journal of Science Education and Technology》2008,17(1):1-18
Reforms such as technology-enhanced instruction require principal leadership. Yet, many principals report that they need help
to guide implementation of science and technology reforms. We identify strategies for helping principals provide this leadership.
A two-phase design is employed. In the first phase we elicit principals’ varied ideas about the Technology-enhanced Learning
in Science (TELS) curriculum materials being implemented by teachers in their schools, and in the second phase we engage principals
in a leadership workshop designed based on the ideas they generated. Analysis uses an emergent coding scheme to categorize
principals’ ideas, and a knowledge integration framework to capture the development of these ideas. The analysis suggests
that principals frame their thinking about the implementation of TELS in terms of: principal leadership, curriculum, educational
policy, teacher learning, student outcomes and financial resources. They seek to improve their own knowledge to support this
reform. The principals organize their ideas around individual school goals and current political issues. Principals prefer
professional development activities that engage them in reviewing curricula and student work with other principals. Based
on the analysis, this study offers guidelines for creating learning opportunities that enhance principals’ leadership abilities
in technology and science reform. 相似文献
6.
David B. Reid 《Journal of School Choice》2018,12(2):237-253
Over the past decade U.S. policymakers, practitioners, and researchers have sought to examine if changing teacher evaluation policies and systems have resulted in changes in identifying quality teachers and/or increased student achievement. This research generally shows most states have experienced little change in how teachers are rated. Researchers are now exploring why, in many cases, teacher evaluation reforms have failed to produce the desired systematic changes of better identifying quality teachers and better distinguishing teacher performance. Embedded within this line of inquiry is how principals (and other evaluators) are trained to use new teacher evaluation systems. This comparative case study observed six principals (three charter school principals and three traditional public school principals) in the U.S. state of Michigan as they learned and enacted a new teacher evaluation system. Additionally, all principals were interviewed three times throughout the school year, in an effort to examine how their initial teacher evaluation training impacted their evaluation of teachers. The research questions that guided this work were: (1) how are principals initially trained when their school adopts a new teacher evaluation system?; (2) in what ways does the training received by charter school principals compare to that of traditional public school principals?; and (3) how does initial training impact how principals evaluate teachers? Results indicate principals are trained to navigate the logistics of new teacher evaluation systems, but are not trained to evaluate teacher performance. Implications for policy and practice are discussed. 相似文献
7.
Cheryl Graczewski Joel Knudson Deborah J. Holtzman 《Journal of Education for Students Placed at Risk》2013,18(1):72-96
Literature on school reform has emphasized the need for principals to expand beyond their traditionally administrative role and become instructional leaders. This article examines the relationship between the practice of site-based instructional leadership and the professional development that teachers received in the context of a district-wide reform effort in San Diego City Schools. Using data from teacher surveys and school-based interviews, we find a connection between aspects of principal instructional leadership (coherent school-wide vision and leaders' engagement in instructional improvement) and selected research-based characteristics of effective teacher professional development (coherence and focus on content and curriculum). We conclude by addressing some of the tensions and limitations associated with a particular vision for site-based instructional leadership. 相似文献
8.
Teacher perceptions of the goals of effective school reform and their own role in it 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
The role of the teacher in the modern school system is increasingly important and complex. A teacher needs a high level of professional knowledge and autonomous decision‐making when faced with professional challenges. The curricular reform in Slovenia has encompassed several areas of teachers’ professional activities. This paper establishes that declarative goals by themselves are not enough for successful introduction of reform, as the achievement of reform goals in practice is highly dependent on teacher perceptions and how actively they are involved in all phases of the reform. The empirical study examined how teachers understand the main aim of the reform, and how they evaluate their own level of competence in areas which have gained in importance as a result of the reform. The study included 468 primary and grammar school teachers. The results show that teachers have a fairly narrow view of the goals of the reform. The categories stressing a more active and responsible role of the learner (in line with modern models of instruction and learner‐centred paradigms of curriculum development) did not rank highly. The study also points at areas where teachers need additional training. The importance of quality teacher education at pre‐service and in‐service levels is stressed as a pillar of effective school reform. 相似文献
9.
We examine teachers’ experiences of a major reform of the school science curriculum for 14–16-year olds in England. This statutory reform enhances the range of available science courses and emphasises the teaching of socio-scientific issues and the nature of science, alongside the teaching of canonical science knowledge. This paper examines teachers’ experiences of the reform and the factors that condition these experiences. A designed sample of 22 teachers discussed their experiences of the reform within a semi-structured interview. Our analysis considers how the external and internal structures within which teachers work interact with the personal characteristics of teachers to condition their experiences of the curriculum reform. In many cases, personal/internal/external contexts of teachers’ work align, resulting in an overall working context that is supportive of teacher change. However, in other cases, tensions within these contexts result in barriers to change. We also explore cases in which external curriculum reform has stimulated the development of new contexts for teachers’ work. We argue that curriculum reformers need to recognise the inevitability of multiple teaching goals within a highly differentiated department and school workplace. We also show how experiences of curriculum reform can extend beyond the learning of new knowledge and associated pedagogies to involve challenges to teachers’ professional identities. We argue for the extended use of teacher role models within local communities of practice to support such ‘identity work’. 相似文献
10.
美国、英国和澳大利亚三国的教师教育课程设置各具特色,美国注重教师专业化,英国注重合格教师资格标准化,澳大利亚注重专业实践体验化。同时,三国也呈现出发达国家教师教育课程设置上的一些共性,包括创建开放灵活的课程模块,强化大中小学之间的联系,关注实践课程的开设和学生实践能力的培养。三国的教师教育课程设置适应了教育形势发展的要求和世界性教师教育改革的潮流,体现了较高的教师教育课程的研究水平。 相似文献
11.
For the past few years, the Republic of Cyprus has been pursuing a major educational reform across all levels of mandatory education, focusing especially on curriculum change, for the implementation of which in-service teachers have undergone a series of professional development seminars. Individual and focus group interviews with in-service elementary teachers, regarding their sense of professionalism within this curriculum change process, revealed that teachers positioned themselves largely onto different points on a continuum. These are conceptualized as positions veering between teachers’ sense of minimum and maximum autonomy over their participation in the development and introduction of the new official curriculum. Framed by a traditionally centralized context, these positions were discursively negotiated in contradictory ways which allowed multiple positionings by each teacher. The paper concludes with the implications of these findings for understanding teacher professionalism and positioning, as well as for considering how this might relate to curriculum change and implementation processes. 相似文献
12.
Uswatun Qoyyimah 《Compare》2018,48(4):571-589
This paper describes research on how curriculum reform provides novel conditions for influencing teacher professionalism. It draws on Bernstein’s theories of the ‘classification and framing’ of curriculum and theories of teacher professionalism to investigate the impact of curriculum reform on teacher professionalism. The research was conducted in Indonesia during the implementation of a school-based curriculum that grants teachers greater autonomy to develop curricula appropriate to their context. A second concurrent reform introduced a character education policy that requires all teachers to address a specific set of values in all classes. Teachers working in public and Islamic private secondary schools were interviewed to investigate the degree of professionalism they exercised when implementing these reforms. Although theories of curriculum reform suggest that the higher degree of autonomy offered by a school-based curriculum has the potential to re-professionalise teachers, this study observed different outcomes for teachers in different workforce environments in Indonesia. 相似文献
13.
Research Findings: This qualitative study examined how Head Start teachers thought about children’s early literacy and how they enacted their thinking in a year-long curriculum reform effort. Data collected included interviews, observations, questionnaires, concept maps, and teachers’ reflections on implementation. The results indicated that as teachers implemented the new curriculum, a number of factors influenced their instructional practice. Four cross-case themes emerged: Volunteering to Change, Teachers’ Perspectives About Early Literacy, The Relationships Within Teaching Teams, and The Head Start Context. Practice or Policy: Findings are discussed as they relate to improving early literacy instruction through the use of curriculum. Implications for practitioners and teacher educators are outlined, including the importance of addressing gaps in teacher knowledge, facilitating skill development, and influencing teachers’ motivation to engage in change. Equally important to consider are factors that may influence a teacher’s readiness to change his or her practice and emphasizing the need for supportive environments as teachers work to enhance children’s early literacy development. 相似文献
14.
虽然在基础教育新课程改革的实践过程中,教师培养取得了一定成绩,但目前教师教育课程设置仍然不能满足新课程改革对教师培养的要求。为适应新课程改革对教师提出的新要求,高师教师教育课程设置应不断地变革:一是要确定以教师专业发展为基础的课程标准;二是要立足于区域发展实际,调整课程比例,优化课程内容;三是要面向基础教育改革实际,注重教育实践体验;四是要努力实现教师教育课程与中小学的无缝对接。 相似文献
15.
在新课程改革的众多环节中,教师是课程改革的直接实施者和操作者,他们对新课改的适应状况直接关系到新课改的成败,而且教师自身的专业发展水平又影响着教师对新课改的适应状况。该研究通过问卷调查的方法,分析了广东省粤东地区四市高中教师对新课程改革的适应状况与教师专业发展的重要性。结果表明,粤东四市的高中教师总体上正处于＂适应困难＂与＂适应良好＂之间的过渡性反应阶段。因此,提高教师的专业发展素质,是进一步改善高中教师对新课改的适应状况,提高教学效果的有效途径。 相似文献
16.
《Teaching and Teacher Education》2001,17(5):547-566
Since the mid-eighties, national organizations have been working together in an effort to reform schools and, more specifically, to reform teaching. Paralleling the movement toward developing curriculum standards for students, professional standards for teachers have also been developed for the purpose of teacher education program accreditation. The objective of this national coalition is to strengthen the teaching profession and raise its standards—eventually enhancing the quality of student learning—by redesigning teacher licensing and accountability requirements for teacher education programs, and engaging teachers in on-going professional development. In this study we address three specific questions: (1) what representations of teaching and teachers are portrayed in the professional teaching standards, their related policies and assessment? (2) how are standards-based reform policies affecting teacher education programs? (3) what representations or conceptions of teaching and teachers are currently reflected in teacher education programs in the context of this reform? To address these questions two states were selected as test cases. Reform documents, policies and practices, as well as interviews with key participants in the reform (e.g., teacher educators, state-level administrators) are described and analyzed, and constitute the evidential basis for this study. The patterns emerging from the data indicate that teacher educators’ degrees of resistance or cooperation with externally imposed frameworks is influenced by their conception of teaching, education and its purpose. Further, as teacher educators uncritically participate in the standards-based movement it becomes impossible for them to entertain alternative perspectives on teaching and education outside of the framework provided to them by the standards. 相似文献
17.
Morgaen L. Donaldson Sarah Woulfin Kimberly LeChasseur Casey D. Cobb 《Equity & Excellence in Education》2016,49(2):183-201
Despite growing momentum to overhaul teacher evaluation policies and practices, scant research examines how educators at the street level of such reform—principals and teachers—make sense of them, and almost no research examines the implications of current evaluation reforms for equity. This article provides findings based on a study of 14 districts implementing a new teacher evaluation policy in Connecticut. It focuses on how principals shaped teachers’ opportunities to learn about the new policy. We find that the majority of teachers’ opportunities to learn were formal and in whole group or one-on-one formats. We find important differences in the quantity and quality of learning opportunities at the district level, with districts serving greater shares of low-income students, students of color, and English language learners generally offering teachers fewer and lower quality opportunities to learn about the new reform than their counterparts. As such, this article builds on prior research illustrating the potential of new evaluation systems to exacerbate inequities and raises important cautions regarding the extent to which the unprecedented teacher evaluation reforms (currently underway) may exacerbate inequities among school districts. 相似文献
18.
参与式培训中如何促进学习者参与 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
马英华 《北京教育学院学报》2006,20(2):49-51
有效的培训对于促进教师专业发展、推动课改有着十分重要的意义。参与式培训是此类培训模式之一。它的采用将最大限度地调动参训教师的学习热情,充分利用他们已有的经验,使他们在自主、合作、探究的过程中产生新的经验、认识,实现自我提高。本文就培训者在参与式培训中如何促进学习者参与进行探讨,提出培训者的认识、主导作用和动态的教学模式是参与式培训的三个关键因素。 相似文献
19.
Manhong Lai 《International Review of Education/Internationale Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft/Revue internationale l'éducation》2010,6(2):613-631
In 2003, a curriculum reform of education was initiated in mainland China to improve the quality of senior secondary education.
The major purpose of this reform was to move from a teacher-centred to a student-centred approach in teaching. In order to
find out how teachers coped with the challenges of the reform and how their work was affected, an in-depth study was conducted
at a senior secondary school in City B, Guangdong, using qualitative research. While the curriculum reform was found to offer
teachers an opportunity for re-professionalisation, teacher development in the sample school was revealed as having changed
towards an assigned professionalism. In addition, teaching research officers limited themselves to instruction on practical
teaching techniques. Furthermore, the existence of teacher leadership on a subject panel was heavily dependent on the panel
head’s leadership style. On the whole, the tendency was for teachers to be explicitly instructed to partake in contrived collegiality
and imposed reflection. 相似文献
20.
Carolyn S. Wallace 《课程研究杂志》2013,45(3):357-381
The purpose of this study was to investigate socio‐cultural factors underpinning curriculum change by examining teacher beliefs in the context of professional development. Scottish teachers in the study were participating in policy implementation based on formative assessment. Teachers were selected who were positive about the formative assessment initiative, so as to examine the inter‐relationships amongst beliefs, policy, and practices when teachers intended to implement curriculum innovation. The aims of the study were to investigate: (a) the nature of teachers’ beliefs about teaching, learning, and the professional development programme; (b) how those beliefs influenced the teachers’ mediation of reform policy in their own classrooms; and (c) points of resonance or tension between teacher’s beliefs and the council’s philosophy towards and management of policy implementation. A qualitative interpretive cross‐case study approach was used with five participant teachers from different secondary subject areas. Results suggested that the unique stance of district administrators to give teachers the opportunity to create their own reform methods, a ‘bottom up’ mode of implementation, appeared to be a significant factor in promoting the reform policy. 相似文献