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1.
Secondary education in Swaziland has rapidly expanded in the decade or so since independence. Alongside this achievement has been a growing apprehension that the modern sector's capacity to generate employment is not commensurate with the rising number of educated young people leaving secondary school. The emergence of a ‘school leaver problem’ as disenchanted educated youngsters remained unemployed was therefore seen as a real possibility towards the end of the 1970s. Such considerations formed the backcloth to tracer surveys conducted in 1979 which investigated the post-school experience of secondary school leavers who left school in the period 1973–1977.Some aspects of these surveys are discussed in this article which covers the experience of school leavers in finding out about jobs and training, waiting time for jobs, and estimates of unemployment. The occupations entered by school leavers are then assessed in relation to demand projections for educated manpower.These observations reveal that institutional arrangements for transferring school leavers from school to work are embryonic and for a large minority of leavers family and other influentiaal contacts are more important than qualifications in securing a job. For Form 3 Junior Secondary School leavers some credence may be given to the popular impression that unemployment is worsening but Form 5 High School leavers are experiencing little difficulty as yet in finding work. More tentatively it would appear that the marginal additions to the skilled labour force stemming from school leavers are not modifying the occupational structure in line with recent manpower projections. 相似文献
2.
The paper presents findings from an evaluation of ‘industrial education’ subjects (wood, metal, electrical and power technology) in Kenyan academic secondary schools. As a project established in 35 schools with comprehensive aid agency (SIDA) support, these subjects do not suffer from lack of attraction to students or from low teacher morale. Exposure to them increases students' aspirations and expectations of ‘technical/practical’ work, but the problem is not lack of interest in such work, but rather scarce opportunity to realise such ambition, in a labour market where school leavers face great problems in finding a source of livelihood. Except for individual cases, exposure to these subjects does not seem to give students an advantage in the labour market, according to findings from a one-year follow-up. Further, doing well in general on the lower secondary examination does not confer any short-term labour market advantage either, suggesting that personal contacts rather than school credentials are decisive. We conclude policy makers need to recognise that pre-vocational subjects should be seen as part of general education rather than as a remedy for youth unemployment. 相似文献
3.
David H. Clark 《Higher Education》1972,1(4):449-461
This paper reports on the labour market results of a cohort of graduates from five Singapore schools representing most areas where important changes in the educational system are taking place. The graduates left school in 1966–67 and were interviewed in 1970. Many of the graduates in the cohort found jobs almost immediately upon leaving school, but some did experience a substantial period of unemployment and even more reported difficulty in finding their first job. Eventually all became employed and at the time of interview unemployment was negligible. The initial unemployment and the difficulty in finding work were not related as to whether the education was technical or academic in nature.Income/cost ratios were calculated and used to rank the schools to see how they compared as social investments. Post-secondary, non-university education ranked highest, followed by secondary education with the university in third place. Within post-secondary, pre-university was a slightly better investment than the polytechnic largely because of a difference in costs. Within secondary schools there was virtually no difference between the technical secondary school, the academic secondary school and the vocational institute.The research was conducted while the author was Assistant Director, Economic Research Centre, University of Singapore. Dr. Toh Chin Chye and Professor You Poh Seng provided useful comments and criticism. The author was assisted by Tan Chio Tee. The data were collected by Nancy Ho, Seah Kee Khoo, Tan Khye Hock, Toh Thian Ser, Wong Weng Kong, Wun Khai Ping, and Yuen Say Wing as a part of their academic exercises at the University of Singapore. The students also provided many useful comments and insights. The views expressed are those of the author and are not necessarily those of either the Economic Research Centre or of the persons who assisted in the study or commented on earlier drafts of this paper. 相似文献
4.
Joan Payne 《British Journal of Sociology of Education》1987,8(4):425-445
Data from the National Child Development Study are used to compare the progress up to age 23 of young people who reached 16 in March 1974 and who left full time education at 16, 17 or 18. Later leavers had higher unemployment rates on first entering the labour market because of rising national unemployment, but in the long term had a clear advantage. More significantly, those who left at 17 or 18 with qualifications no better than those of minimum age leavers suffered no long term disadvantage in comparison with the latter, despite their loss of potential work experience, and some groups had lower unemployment rates in the long term than minimum age leavers with equally good qualifications. Apprenticeships were more common among later leavers than expected, and later leavers compared favourably with early leavers in terms of other forms of in‐work training. It is concluded that the ‘non‐academic sixth’ could have a useful role alongside YTS. 相似文献
5.
《Journal of Education & Work》2012,25(3):54-74
Abstract Unemployment in Poland rose throughout 1990, 1991, 1992 and 1993 but the proportion of school‐leavers among the unemployed peaked in 1990. Unlike in most western market economies, the best‐ educated young people in Poland did not prove the least vulnerable to unemployment. This paper uses evidence from studies of young people in Gdansk, Katowice and Suwalki to argue that one reason why young people from professional and vocational secondary schools have not borne a heavier share of Poland's unemployment since 1990 has been the flexibility and responsiveness of these schools to Poland's new labour market conditions. Since the reforms many of these schools have contracted drastically. Some have closed. But others have thrived The latter have often benefited from favourable local labour market conditions, but their success has usually been at least equally due to their own resourcefulness in introducing new courses which teach skills that are in demand, and securing various kinds of sponsorship from employers. Three reasons are offered to explain the responsiveness of education in Poland to the changing labour market conditions: general support for ‘the reforms’, the schools’ experience of making informal deals with employers under communism, and the post‐communist authorities’ willingness to force unsuccessful schools to close and to see teachers made redundant. 相似文献
6.
David Raffe 《British Journal of Sociology of Education》1984,5(3):247-265
This paper uses data from the Scottish School Leavers Surveys to investigate trends in the transition from school at a time of deepening recession. The main change observed is the collapse of employment between 1979 and 1983. The paper also describes trends in the distribution of school‐leaver employment, in its industrial and occupational composition, in patterns of movement in the youth labour market and in the role of special programmes. Some of its general conclusions challenge ideas current among some British sociologists. First, youth unemployment (at least among recent school leavers) is no longer significantly connected with patterns of subemployment or frequent job‐changing. Secondly, unemployment has not fundamentally changed the ‘selective function’ of education; credentials have retained their labour‐market value in relative if not in absolute terms. Thirdly, the recent rise in school‐leaver unemployment is very largely a result of the recession—the decline in the aggregate demand for labour—rather than of underlying structural changes that disadvantage young people; most recent changes in the transition from school to work are in principle reversible if the recession ends. The paper assesses the implications of these findings for the sociology of education, and concludes with a discussion of the possible impact of the Youth Training Scheme. 相似文献
7.
《Higher Education in Europe》1977,2(6):20-21
The number of secondary school‐leavers wishing to study at higher education institutions in the Federal Republic of Germany continues to decrease. This is the main finding of a poll carried out among secondary school‐leavers in the school year 1976‐1977. We give below the main findings of the survey. 相似文献
8.
Dr. Bettina Kohlrausch Prof. Dr. Heike Solga 《Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft》2012,15(4):753-773
Youth with no or only a lower secondary school degree (Hauptschulabschluss) are increasingly disadvantaged in terms of access to vocational education and training (VET). Their lower chances of obtaining a trainee are explained by the claim that an increasing number of them are ??not mature enough for VET??. These young people would not (yet) meet the training requirements??so the criticism. So far there are no empirical studies that have shown whether such immaturity can indeed serve as an appropriate explanation for differences in training chances of less-educated youth. This paper answers this question by analyses using a panel survey of school leavers after grade 9 from the Hauptschule in Lower Saxony. Central results are: About 45?% of the school leavers had successfully entered into an apprenticeship within three months. School grades in German and mathematics were less important than grades for work attitudes and firm-internships while still at school. In general, our analyses reveal that social behaviour and a firm??s opportunities to discover the strengths of low-achieving youths and not only their weaknesses are important factors for the chances of successful transitions into training. 相似文献
9.
Can the high school curriculum be designed to influence the behaviour of school leavers in ways that will make a greater direct contribution to improvement in the quality of life in PNG communities? Weeks cites evidence of the more beneficial effects on village life of schooled (as contrasted with unschooled) villagers. Foster questions the power of school curricula to change the aspirations of students. Conroy develops Foster's argument, quoting Lewis to prefer, rather than a vocational secondary curriculum, a more meaningful general education curriculum, more carefully based on examples from the students' communities.The rationale of the Secondary Schools Community Extension Project (S.S.C.E.P.) is outlined as a structural device to use the Grade X exam to motivate greater attention to the community applications of the existing general curriculum. The question that remains to be tested is, “Will students returning to the village from Grade X at S.S.C.E.P. schools show greater desire and ability to contribute to village development than normal Grade X leavers?” An independent evaluation of the short-term outcomes is to be carried out. 相似文献
10.
John Gray Andrew McPherson David Raffe 《Educational research; a review for teachers and all concerned with progress in education》2013,55(3):178-185
A programme of collaborative research has been attempting to decentralize control over the process of research into Scottish education. Teachers and other practitioners have been involved in analysing data collected in surveys of Scottish school leavers, and stored in the Scottish Education Data Archive. Some of their analyses have been published in the Collaborative Research Newsletter. This paper briefly describes the programme, and summarizes some of the Newsletter articles in two areas of study: the secondary school curriculum, and the attitudes and experiences of non‐Certificate school leavers. 相似文献
11.
Some effects of Ph.D. training on the academic labour markets of Australian and British Universities
Denis J. Davis 《Higher Education》1976,5(1):67-78
This article examines whether Ph.D. training is leading to better academics or whether it is causing a severe dysfunction between the experience of academics and the roles which universities must play in the community. From two surveys — one of Australian and the other of British academics — the background of Ph.D.s is tabulated to show the loss to the stock of university manpower of non-academic but educationally valuable experience through growing competition for jobs by Ph.D.s. The conclusion is that the forces causing the Ph.D. displacement of labour in the university academic labour market should be constrained. 相似文献
12.
参照澳大利亚教育研究评议会《学校生活质量量表（QSLS）（中学版）》,结合中职生学校生活现状,编制《中职生学校生活质量评定量表》,对426名中职生进行测试,并对测试结果进行了探索性因素分析.研究结果表明：中职生学校生活质量包含学校认同感、校园环境、自我认知、同伴关系、师生关系、成就感、积极情感和消极情感8个因子.利用新量表进一步对468名中职生进行测试,对测试结果进行验证性因素分析,发现模型拟合度较好.量表具有良好的信度与效度,可以作为中职生学校生活质量评定的工具. 相似文献
13.
Rune Axelsson 《Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research》2013,57(4):169-184
Axelsson, R. 1979. Evaluation of Vocational Education in the Swedish Upper Secondary School. Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research 23, 169‐184. The present evaluation is part of a continual evaluation of the new upper secondary school, with particular emphasis on vocational lines of study. It considers the view taken by school‐leavers of their vocational situation in relation to the goals of their education as a preparation for vocational activity and as a means of personal development. The study is primarily concerned with those students who completed their vocational studies in the spring of 1974. In October 1975 a questionnaire was sent to over 8,000 of the 23,000 in the target group, and a number of individuals were interviewed from each of the thirteen lines in question. Though the responses to the questionnaire were often positive, the interviewed students pointed out a number of deficiencies in their situation. 相似文献
14.
The Influence of CASE on Scientific Creativity 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This paper describes a study of the influence of the Cognitive Acceleration through Science Education (CASE) programme on the scientific creativity of secondary school students. 1087 pupils from six suburban mixed comprehensive schools in England took part in the investigation. Three of the schools had participated in the CASE programme and three had not. Samples of students in years 7–11 from each school were given the Scientific Creativity Test for Secondary School Students, an instrument designed to tap various aspects of scientific creativity. The results indicated that the CASE programme did promote the overall development of scientific creativity of secondary school students, although the effects on different aspects of scientific creativity varied. As expected from previous work on delayed effects of CASE on academic achievement, the results indicated that the effects on creativity were not necessarily immediate, but tended to be long-lasting. Possible interpretations of these results are discussed. 相似文献
15.
Margarita Pavlova 《Educational Research for Policy and Practice》2017,16(1):77-93
School to work transition is an important aspect of lifelong learning that has increased in significance as the knowledge-based economy takes off in developed countries. Rapid structural economic changes, the importance of innovation, and a shorter lifecycle of products require education systems to adjust to the needs of economies and individuals. Educational reforms in many countries aim to improve school students’ readiness for their important move to post-school life. Countries organize different pathways for students following secondary school level that are designed to meet both students’ demands and the needs of economies. This article explores Hong Kong students’ aspirations and realities. Although the majority of students plan to complete the final year of high school and 91.5% planned to undertake the Hong Kong Diploma of Secondary Education (HKDSE) to be eligible for higher education, in reality a significant number of school leavers do not perform well and should undertake training for employment. In addition, many students who are eligible for tertiary education cannot be admitted to government sponsored universities due to the limited number of places. This article begins with a consideration of students’ aspirations, and then outlines the realities of transition and current issues. It concludes with some suggested policy measures that could improve equity during this school to work transition period. 相似文献
16.
There is persistent evidence showing that care leavers tend to have lower educational outcomes compared to their peers. There is, however, less knowledge of whether this educational disadvantage transfers to the second generation. This study adopts a developmental contextual life-course approach to examine: (a) the extent of educational inequality of children of care leavers from school entry to public examinations at age 16; (b) the relative role of different psychosocial family resources as predictors of educational attainment; and (c) the role of early school readiness assessments as predictors of later educational attainment. Drawing on data collected from families living in England at the first sweep of the nationally representative UK Millennium Cohort Study (MCS) (n = 11,514), the findings suggest intergenerational transmission of educational disadvantage among children of care leavers (n = 287), which is manifest in a direct assessment of school readiness (age 3), at the Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS) (age 5) and in General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) attainment (age 16). However, once inequalities in family socio-economic background or area deprivation and housing are controlled for, children of care leavers perform comparably in their educational progression to those whose mothers had no experience of being in care (n = 11,227). Moreover, the findings highlight the significance of early school readiness assessments in predicting later educational attainment for the whole sample. Findings are discussed regarding their implications for policy, in particular the need to address educational inequality for children in care, area allocation and housing that is offered to care leavers, and the general importance of early interventions. 相似文献
17.
可雇佣性教育模式:理论述评与实践应用 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
可雇佣性教育模式中有代表性的包括输入-输出模式、Harvey和Locke模式、体验学习模式、高等教育作用模式、全面开发模式等.这些模式基于离校学生的角度,因此也可称为学生的可雇佣性开发模式.这些模式各有千秋,都具有一定的借鉴意义,在应用过程中需要结合一些具体情况进行延伸和拓展.本文指出高等教育机构在进行可雇佣性教育时应该结合宏观环境状况,考虑组织的认可度,合理地进行课程设计,并给学生提供适当的实践机会.在进行可雇佣性教育项目设计时需要结合学生特点以及专业学科特点,这样才能对可雇佣性教育最佳实践模式的探索奠定最基本的前提. 相似文献
18.
Quek Ai Hwa 《Asia Pacific Journal of Education》2003,23(1):69-83
The study was aimed at examining trends in the higher education course choice of secondary school leavers in Malaysia and investigating the relationships of their course choice to their gender and socio‐economic background. The study uses a stratified‐random sample of secondary school students who are in their final year of secondary schooling. Data was collected through a questionnaire via the postal services. The results indicated that the higher education course choice of large proportions (78.8%) of secondary school leavers in Malaysia tended to be limited to only five degree courses. The findings reveal that except for engineering, the other four courses are non‐scientific in nature. In addition, school leavers of both genders expressed tended less towards the mathematical, computer, medical and natural sciences. These school leavers’ higher education course choice are significantly associated with their gender and socio‐economic background. Interpretations and implications of the results are also discussed. 相似文献
19.
翟广顺 《青岛职业技术学院学报》2012,(1):9-14
针对实地调查和实证研究显现的中小学教师阅读平面化、狭窄化、功利化"三化"现象,青岛市实施了持续5年、以科研课题拉动、全市城乡10万中小学教师广泛参与的"十一五"人文科学经典阅读工程。5年来,青岛市中小学教师"十一五阅读工程"实现了理论产出与实践运行同步并进,走出了一条"读书—成长"为特征的教师职后教育之路,所提出的"教师文化知识"丰富了教师知识体系,对中小学教师的专业发展起到了积极的促进作用。 相似文献
20.
西方就业理论及对我们的启示 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
笔者从借鉴古典经济学家、凯恩斯学派、供给学派、货币学派、理性预期学派等西方就业理论和政策主张出发,分析改革开放以来我国失业问题的成因。包括由于劳动力供给政策、劳动力需求政策上的缺陷所造成的失业等四方面问题。在此基础上,提出治理失业的对策。包括通过国民经济的持续快速健康发展,增加就业岗位：通过调整经济结构,改善就业结构,提高就业容量等六方面。 相似文献