共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
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Simon Rottenberg 《Minerva》1986,24(2-3):223-241
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《Journal of Cultural Heritage》2014,15(1):57-63
The most popular photographic technique in the USA between 1856 and 1900 was the tintype, with millions of these objects created by photographers in established studios, by itinerant artists in portable workshops, and by amateurs working from ‘how-to’ manuals and journal articles. Whereas the fundamentals for this photographic process (collodion binder on a japanned metal support) were largely invariant, historical documents recommended a wide variety of protective varnish materials. A collection of 221 tintypes was analyzed using pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (py-GC-MS) to compare the components of actual tintype varnishes with recipes from the historical literature. Several resins in published tintype varnish recipes, including mastic, copal, and amber, are entirely absent from this collection and only five constituents – shellac, Pinaceae resin (Canada balsam or colophony), dammar, sandarac, and camphor – are detected alone or in combination. Each detected resin appears in historical recipes, but just 24% of the samples have varnish layer constituents consistent with published tintype varnish recipes. Forty-four percent of the tintypes have varnish constituents consistent with formulations recommended for other collodion images, but the varnishes of the remaining samples have no direct literature equivalents. The preponderance of shellac- and Pinaceae-based varnishes suggests that these correspond to inexpensive commercial varnishes, but tintypists may have developed their own preferred mixtures or simply used what was at hand. This first in-depth technical analysis of tintype materials suggests that the cheapest and most readily available materials were employed in the varnishing process and that the artists were not bound by literature recommendations. 相似文献
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Claire Mitchell 《Journal of Cultural Economics》1989,13(2):69-79
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Nikolaus Lobkowicz 《Minerva》1984,22(2):236-244
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Despite several attempts, the prolific writings of Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz have not yet been brought together in a single edition. Efforts have been hampered by the sheer volume and diversity of the Leibniz estate, and also by changing political circumstances. This paper traces the history of the Leibniz edition as a long-term project of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie and its predecessors. 相似文献
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Richard Stone 《Minerva》1972,10(3):412-425
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This paper argues that the health-related work of the RockefellerFoundation in Central Europe following the First World War flowed not somuch from geopolitical concerns as from the Foundation's ambition tocreate a global network in scientific medicine. It examines theassumptions and values that underpinned this project, and indicates someof the questions that these pose for today's world. 相似文献