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1.
Sondra Cuban 《Gender and education》2010,22(2):177-191
The feminisation of migration is absent in policy and programmatic discourses on adult education in the USA and England. This paper uses an intersectional framework and feminist transnational methodology to probe this concept and its implications for women migrants and their education and advancement. 相似文献
2.
Hannah Durrant 《Journal of Education & Work》2016,29(4):373-401
The post-compulsory education and training system in the UK has long been defined as an archetypical voluntarist model. Yet, with the election of a New Labour government in 1997, the relationship between the state as supply-side provider of skills and employers as the demanders of skills began to subtly change. An additional rhetoric emerged in skills policy that suggested a role for the state to shape higher skills demands. This instigated a move towards what is here defined by the oxymoron ‘state-steered voluntarism’; an approach to the governance of skills which aimed to deliver both a demand-led skills system and a system to lead demand. Drawing on policy documents and interviews with key policy-makers, this article offers an interpretive analysis of New Labour’s ideas about the nature of workplaces, and the role of the state and skills providers in response, that explains the existence of policy paradox. We find that New Labour articulated three distinct strategies for governing skills, depending on whether workplaces were perceived to have ‘good’, ‘bad’, or frankly ‘ugly’ skills aspirations. However, whilst this threefold skills strategy seemingly served the purpose of containing multiple policy objectives and creating a graded role for state action, it was also prone to being used selectively by those with vested interests in UK skills policy (i.e. the representatives of businesses and employers and the representatives of employees and learners). 相似文献
3.
劳资关系是新民主主义经济关系的重要内容之一。新中国成立前后,劳资关系紧张,刘少奇在深入调查研究的基础上,坚持"劳资两利"的主张,即要辩证地认识和对待私人资本主义的剥削;在发展生产的前提下争取工人的合法权益;通过签订劳动合同、建立劳资协商机制和加强对劳资双方的教育来解决劳资争议等。他的主张对于正确处理劳资关系,提高劳资双方的积极性,确定政府在劳资关系调节中的主导地位有重要意义。 相似文献
4.
Carole Leathwood 《Higher Education》2006,52(4):611-633
The ‘independent learner’ is a key construct within discourses of educational policy and practice in the UK. Government policy statements stress the importance of developing learner independence, and higher education pedagogical practices tend to rest on the assumption that students are independent learners. This paper draws on research with undergraduate students in a post-1992 university to offer a critical appraisal of the discourse of the independent learner. The paper examines students’ perceptions of independence in both their first year of undergraduate study, and in the later years of their degree courses. Support for learning and issues related to asking for help are discussed. Whilst students tend to both expect and want to be independent, it is suggested that dominant constructions of the independent learner are gendered and culturally specific, and as such are inappropriate for the majority of students in a mass higher education system. 相似文献
5.
Gabrielle Ivinson 《Sex education》2013,13(2):201-216
This paper elaborates possibilities and limitations for sex education in schools by mapping the consequence of introducing the topic ‘sex’ within a range of scientific and informal discursive settings. The organising and regulating structures of the school maintain the boundaries between common‐sense and scientific discourses. Bernstein made a distinction between vertical discourse and horizontal discourses. Vertical discourses characterise scientific discourses that are coherent, explicit and systematically principled structures. Horizontal discourses characterise common‐sense discourses that are local, segmented and context‐dependent. The implications for teaching sex education through vertical discourses such as science, English and art as opposed to personal and social education, which is a horizontal discourse, are discussed. Yet, all discourses are unstable, and the notion of a ‘tipping point’ is introduced to demonstrate the potential for sex education when vertical discourses collapse. 相似文献
6.
What constitutes graduate employability is discursively framed. In this paper we argue that whilst universities in the UK have long had an involvement in producing useful and productive citizens, the ongoing neoliberalisation of higher education has engendered a discursive shift in definitions of employability. Traditionally, universities regarded graduate employment as an aspect of institutions’ relationship with the labour market, and one where they enjoyed a significant degree of discretion. Now, employability is a performative function of universities, shaped and directed by the state, which is seeking to supplant labour markets. We argue that this has three profound implications. First, state intervention in labour markets adjusts power balances in favour of employers. Second, contrary to the legitimising rationale of enhancing social justice, pursuit of employability agendas may well be creating two tiers of universities – those that produce docile employees and those that produce employers/leaders. And third, employability discourses may be adversely affecting pedagogies and curricula, to the disbenefit of students, institutions, employers, social justice and civil society. 相似文献
7.
Judy Hunter 《Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education》2007,28(2):243-257
In the 21st century concerns about workplace language and literacy skills, particularly in the service and manufacturing sectors, continue to drive education and testing policy in many OECD countries. Employers tend to adopt deficit assumptions about service workers’ skills, conflating social identities and language and literacy, which can blind employers to the constructive procedures that employees create to meet the demands of work. Research in a Canadian urban hotel reveals unofficial but competent and innovative steps that service workers devise through their insightful knowledge of the local context. Meanwhile, international measures of literacy continue to use questionable “recontextualized” texts that focus on assessing text-based performance, which, in turn, is used to shape tightly defined skill-based approaches to teaching. However, the hotel research among service workers with “low skills” shows deep engagement with tasks, opportunities to work autonomously, and challenging situations appear to be related to employee competence and innovation. 相似文献
8.
Sue Thomas 《Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education》2011,32(3):371-382
In the context of public debates on teacher quality, both media and education policy texts construct deficit discourses about teachers, discourses that work together to inform public, commonsense understandings of teacher quality. This paper explores the interrelationships between discourses on teachers constructed on television and in policies in the Australian policy context. Critical discourse analysis was employed to trace the links between the discourses on teachers constructed in a television situation comedy and discourses in the policy documents that inform the Australian Government Quality Teacher Programme. The paper demonstrates the interdiscursivity of media and policy discourses on teacher quality by analysing the ways that the television sitcom constructed a particular version of teachers within the quality policy context. The analysis highlights the need for teachers to challenge these deficit discourses. The paper concludes by arguing for a rethinking of teacher professionalism in ways that include active engagement in public debates on education. 相似文献
9.
As higher education in Europe expands, policy makers and taxpayers alike are increasingly asking whether or not there are too many graduates. Such concerns are based on fears that graduates are increasingly unable to secure graduate level employment. Yet employers continue to clamour for greater investment in education and training and, in many European countries, claim that there is a shortage of highly skilled labour. We examine this possible contradiction and attempt to verify whether or not significant (and increasing) numbers of European graduates are overeducated. 相似文献
10.
Maarten Matheus van Houten 《Journal of Vocational Education & Training》2018,70(1):130-147
The Netherlands has a binary higher education system in which academic education and higher professional education at EQF levels 5–8 co-exist. There is also secondary vocational education at EQF levels 1 up to 4. In this paper, I analyse policy documents resulting from the Bologna Process and argue that under neo-liberal conditions, higher professional education brings opportunities for both students and employers, but also creates a socio-economic tension in terms of employability. The gap between higher professional education and secondary vocational education adds to the formation of a labour market in which higher professional education graduates are prepared to an international labour market but employability pressure is being put on lower skilled employees, creating unequal employability opportunities for vocational education graduates. 相似文献
11.
Sue Thomas 《教育政策杂志》2013,28(2):187-198
This paper investigates the work of media discourses on education policy in public debates over the Queensland school curriculum. It draws on theories of discourse, theories that have recently influenced the field of policy sociology, to outline a conceptualization of policy and media texts as discourses in the public sphere. In so doing, it notes the significant contribution such public discourses on education make to the policy process. The paper employs critical discourse analysis to investigate the discursive constructions of curriculum during one particular policy initiative. The analysis focuses on newspaper debates over the inclusion of a subject called Health and Physical Education (HPE) in the Queensland secondary school curriculum. The paper shows how educational policy issues were discursively constituted and contested through the construction of public discourses on education policy. In particular, it demonstrates how such public discourses worked to construct authoritative voices on educational policy. The paper concludes with a call to teachers and policymakers to seek opportunities to construct an authoritative public voice on issues of education policy. 相似文献
12.
The paper examines the role of PISA in the globalisation of education policies. It approaches the question by assessing the effects of PISA on the ways in which new legislation was debated in national contexts in the period 1994–2013. The study asks: Has there been an increase in the number of references to the international community in debates on education policy due to PISA, and, if so, is this change confined to debates on education policy? Our analysis shows that education policy debates feature an increasingly global discourse in which organisations such as the OECD have an authoritative role. Yet, our findings do not support the claim that PISA is the cause of a change in this respect. Debating national policies in a global context and utilising the same transnational discourses regardless of the policy issue area in question has long been with us, yet there is a global trend in which national policies are increasingly often debated through appeals to models and policy advice promulgated by international organisations. 相似文献
13.
In our continuously changing society, a need for updating one’s skills and knowledge puts pressure on safeguarding the labour
market position of low-qualified employees. However, prior research and official statistics show that employees with a lower
level of education tend to participate less in training than highly-educated individuals. This limited participation is associated
with employers offering fewer opportunities to low-qualified employees, but also with the fact that low-qualified employees
themselves might be less willing to participate. In other words, their learning intentions are assumed to be weaker and more
restricted than the learning intentions of highly-educated employees. The article reports on a quantitative survey research
on the learning intentions of 406 low-qualified employees. The results showed that employees who participated in formal job-related
learning activities during the last 5 years had a stronger learning intention than those who did not. Next, the results of
the stepwise regression showed that self-directedness, financial benefits, self-efficacy, and autonomy were significant positive
predictors of the learning intentions of low-qualified employees. Also, the limited number of possibilities or opportunities
to learn was not significant. The results indicated that a learning intention can lead towards the participation in learning
activities, but participation is not merely initiated by offering opportunities for learning. Organisational aspects such
as job autonomy and financial benefits can stimulate the learning intention of an employee. Finally, regarding the socio-demographic
variables, only limited differences were found. In short, employees with no educational qualifications and a full-time contract
had the lowest intention to learn. 相似文献
14.
Mike Coles 《International Journal of Science Education》2013,35(5):609-621
The results of a survey of the views of employers and tutors in higher education on the scientific curriculum for 16‐ to 19‐year‐olds in England, Wales and Northern Ireland is reported. The results show that a limited range of scientific ideas are seen as essential by representatives of all areas. Both employers and tutors in higher education believe that developing a student's capability in a wide range of generic skills (including mathematics skills) should be an aim of courses leading to advanced science qualifications. Higher education tutors tend to require higher levels of thinking in the use of the ideas than do employers. The implications of taking note of employmnent and higher education needs for secondary science education are discussed. 相似文献
15.
Pei Wen Chong 《Compare》2017,47(4):598-615
This comparative analysis investigates the influence of neo-liberal and inclusive discourses in ‘special’ education policy-making in New South Wales, Scotland, Finland and Malaysia. The centrality of competition, selectivity and accountability in the discourses used in New South Wales and Malaysia suggests a system preference for neo-liberal solutions to education policy problems. The focus on excellence with equity, together with proactive approaches to student support in Scotland and Finland, however, is representative of a more interventionist government approach grounded in social democracy. It is argued that an inclusive approach is conducive to the achievement of both excellence and equity in students’ learning outcomes, whereas countries that have pursued market-driven models involving competition for places in selective institutions tend to have poorer educational outcomes and wider levels of inequality. 相似文献
16.
17.
Keith Forrester John Payne Kevin Ward 《International Journal of Lifelong Education》2013,32(4):292-305
This paper contains an analysis of policy formulations which underlie the work of the ‘Leeds Adult Learners at Work’ project (1991‐93). The overall aim of the project was to assess the contribution that broadly based Employee Development training schemes organized through the workplace can make towards achieving the internationally recognized goal of ‘lifelong learning’. The paper follows Ball (1990) in seeing policy as a contested arena in which different actors struggle to impose their views. This involves an analysis of competing discourses. However, the discourse interfaces with a socio‐economic system in which individual adults find their day‐today lives increasingly constrained. First, an analysis is made of the economic context of education and training policy in terms of the international division of labour, the apparently contradictory processes of deskilling and reskilling, and mass unemployment. A critical analysis follows of the rhetoric which identifies education and training as a panacea for economic crisis, extending into the field of adult education and training for employed people some of the insights gained by policy analysts in the school and further education arenas. It is argued that there are indeed a number of significant interventions in the field (e.g. by educational institutions, employers, trades unions, TECs) but that there is a distinct lack of overarching policy direction. It is concluded that there is a need to develop a policy discourse which locates paid work as an important arena in which lifelong learning can be developed, while recognizing the complex divisions of labour within society and the learning needs of people largely excluded from paid work. 相似文献
18.
The principal issue addressed in this article is whether or not education directly creates productivity and earnings as taught by traditional human capital theory. If not, an alternative argument could be that employers use education as a screening device to select employees. Employing the decomposition technique to compare income for self-employed and private sector employees, evidence is presented which rejects the screenist theory. 相似文献
19.
Empirical research has produced evidence suggesting that the ability to assess, regulate, and utilize emotions (i.e., emotional intelligence) is important to the performance of workers. Yet, few graduate professional program curriculums adequately address the emotional and interpersonal skills that prospective employers want most in their employees and that employees find most useful in their work. The results from this study showed that the potential for enhanced emotional capabilities could be improved in the traditional graduate classroom. Furthermore, findings revealed a strong relationship between emotional intelligence and academic performance. 相似文献
20.
Tiffany Mary Jones 《Sex education》2013,13(4):369-387
Sexuality policy is currently changing at global, national and local levels. This move is affecting the sexuality education discourses in education policies around the world. However, the changes are not always translating into a direct re-thinking of approaches, and in some cases result in a push for more conservative policy. This paper provides a discourse exemplar for understanding the broad range of sexuality education discourses currently at work in education policies and policy movements internationally. It is intended for use in sexuality education policy research, conception and practice. The different constructions of ‘the child’ at the core of the various discourses are examined, including the ways in which the different discourses attempt to ‘save’ these children from perceived sexuality problems through education. The article posits that such rhetorical children should not ‘stand in’ for the needs of actual children in sexuality policy, without being explicitly acknowledged as constructs. 相似文献