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1.
太白山位居秦岭的中段，为秦岭山脉第一高峰。该山区是我国温带植物区系最丰富的地区之一，
约有种子植物1782种，隶属于125科，657属，包括热带属130属，温带属436属和特有属24属。该地
区20个较大科的种数，约占其全部植物区系的66.6％，其中特有种653种。本文对这些大科的性质及
其在植物区系和植被中的作用进行了分析讨论。在分析了全部属和植物群落优势种的地理分布的基础
上，着重讨论了该地区与其他九个山区的植物区系关系。
本文对植被垂直带划分；主要植物群落的基本特点和区系相似性；物种多样性与海拔高度变化的关
系以及生活型谱与不同坡向和海拔变化的关系等作了具体分析。对该地区主要植物群落的形成时期以
及对秦岭地区植物区系的过渡性质提出了自己的看法。从植物学角度出发，秦岭地区作为亚热带和温带
植物的分界线的提法与该地区的植物区系和植物群落性质以及水热条件情况不相符合 相似文献
2.
台湾位于欧亚大陆东南缘的海洋中，地处热带的北部和亚热带的南部，约为21°45′~15°56′N，119°18′~124°34′E，是中国最大的岛屿。它是受季风气候强烈影响的地区之一，热量丰富，雨量充沛，干湿季明显。具有一个非常丰富的岛屿和山区植物区系。就其种子植物而言，约有186科，1201属，3656 种，包括热带属742属，温带属346属。根据台湾植物区系中各大科、主要植物群落优势种和中国特有种的地理分布以及热带属在整个植物区系中的主导地位，台湾地区的植物区系主体具有明显的亚热带性质。中国台湾本地特有种十分丰富，其比例远高于中国特有种的比例。这似乎表明台湾植物区系是一个古老区系在多次地质事件侵袭后又起活化的历史演变的结果。新老成分并存、共同发展是台湾植物区系的重要特点。通过台湾全部属和非特有种在周边地区地理分布的分析，中国台湾植物区系与中国大陆的关系最为密切，是东亚植物区系的重要组成部分，因此在植物分区上应属于泛北极植物区的东亚植物区系。 相似文献
3.
湘西北壶瓶山自然保护区植物区系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
壶瓶山自然保护区具有丰富的植物区系成分，现知维管束植物有205科(蕨类和拟蕨类 植物40科，裸子植物7科，被子植物158科)，839属，约1961种(包括154变种)。其中，古 和原始的科、属不乏其代表。从种子植物属的分布区类型的比较分析，该区具有我国15个种子植物属的分布区类型中的14个，表明了与世界各地区植物区系的联系程度。另一方面，该 地区的植物区系虽含有丰富的热带成分，但根据各类温带属占该区总属数的百分比以及分布于该地区的中国特有属中的木本属几乎所有都是落叶的乔木或灌木，该区的植物区系性质明显偏重于温带性质。而且，这种温带性质可能与该区的山体海拔高度有着重要的联系。 相似文献
4.
通过半个世纪以来对金佛山近2000号藓类植物标本的鉴定，现确定金佛山藓类植物有40科，133
属和245种(包括4亚种、9变种和1变型)。其区系成分以东亚成分为主(33．77％)，其次为温带成分
(28．57％)及热带、亚热带成分(24．68％)。文内还全面分析了金佛山藓类植物区系及我国南北8个山区藓
类植物区系之间的关系，用排序方法统计它们之间的相似性与非相似性系数，并着重就金佛山藓类植物区 系的过渡性特点作了探讨，提出在该山区与其邻近地区，存在一个苔藓植物东亚特有属的分布中心。 相似文献
5.
为探讨山地植物区系构成特征及其垂直梯度的生态意义，根据对三峡大老岭地区植被垂直样带
调查获得的植物区系资料，分析了该地区植物区系成分构成的基本特征及其随海拔梯度的变化趋势，寻找了区系平衡点的位置；并利用聚类方法分析了山地气候垂直分异对区系成分构成的影响。结果表明：①大老岭植物区系具有温带性质，但仍反映了与热带区系的历史联系，有强烈的区域性；②属的分布区类型可归为热带分布、温带分布、地中海—中亚中心和东亚中心4组，各组区系成分的垂直梯度特征不同；热带、亚热带成分与温带成分的平衡点大致位于海拔650m；③区系成分构成和属的物种数量构成的聚类分析结果一致显示了植物区系构成与山地气候和植被垂直带相对应的格局。 相似文献
6.
中国裸子植物分布区的研究(1)——松科植物的地理分布 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
应俊生 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1989,27(1):27-38
松科是裸子植物中最大的科，共有10属，约240种。我国有9属，约119种，其中2属
为我国特有属，67种为特有种。 本文概述了我国松科各属的水平分布和垂直分布规律；对各
属分布区进行了对比分析。除油杉属和松属外，其余各属的分布，既不深入到极为干旱的地
区，也不深入到热带山区。本文提出川西滇北地区是松科大部分属的发展中心，同时讨论了某
些属的分布区的退却变化。本文还认为，在目前该科化石资料不十分充足的条件下，要确定松 科及其各属的起源中心，可能性是不大的。 相似文献
7.
朗楷永 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1990,28(5):356-371
兰科在横断山地区是维管束植物中的大科之一，共有91属，363种及9变种。 4属为我国特有属，其中1属为本地区所特有；155种及9变种为我国特有种。 其中69种及5变种为本地区所 特有。本文对属、种进行了分析，并对全部种的分布格局作了详细的介绍，概述了本地区兰科植物的区系组成及特点。本文从兰科植物属、种的分布提出了四川峨眉山是东亚植物区中划分中国-喜马拉雅植物亚区和中国-日本植物亚区的分界线上的一个重要的点的看法。 相似文献
8.
本文用数值分类的关联分析方法对国产荚蒾属 Viburnum 所有72种的分布式样进行
了研究，旨在为中国植物区系分区的工作提供若干依据。中国荚蒾属的遗传变异中心是在中
南部而不在南部或西南部的事实强烈地暗示这是一个亚热带性质的属。 四川西南部是西部
特有成分最密集的地区。尽管横断山脉地区地形复杂，但那里只有几种荚蒾属植物。台湾的
种主要是亚热带性质的，而且大多数与大陆的种相同。这些种的分布式样展示我国台湾在区
系地理上与我国大陆或甚至日本有着比马来西亚地区更密切的亲缘关系。 本文总的结论大
体上与吴征镒教授关于中国种子植物区系的分区相符，但在某些次要方面有所不同。作者还 讨论了种的分布式样与自然地理、气候和植被的联系。 相似文献
9.
选择我国亚热带区域76个地区(不包括行政单元)的植物区系调查和研究资料,采用主成分分析
(PCA)、TWINSPAN聚类和样带梯度分析方法,研究了我国亚热带区域植物区系地理成分的构成特征和
各成分之间的关系;各研究区域间植物区系地理成分构成的相关性和空间分异特征;并分析了贯穿我国亚热带区域的东经108.5°～111.5°和北纬29°～31°两条样带的几种区系地理成分的分布梯度。结果表明：①15种区系地理成分可以归为热带成分、温带成分、干旱区成分和东亚中心成分4组;我国亚热带各地区区系地理成分中泛热带和北温带分布的比例最高;干旱区分布诸类比例极小;东亚中心成分的比例突出,特有性强;②样点的PCA排序明显反映了北、中、南亚热带在区系地理成分构成上的差异,但亚热带东西部的差异不明显;③样带分析清晰地反映了热带、温带成分之比的梯度格局;川东鄂西地区特有分布中心的地位和世界分布与特有成分相反的分布格局。 相似文献
10.
陕西省秦巴山区生物资源及其开发利用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
一、秦巴山区的自然概况 陕西省境内的秦岭、大巴山地区,习称陕南山区。地理座标北纬31°42′—34°37′,东经105°29′—110°15′,东西绵延450km,南北宽约300km,总面积约9万km~2。森林面积273.9万ha,约占全省森林面积的60％,森林覆盖率为37.8％。人口约1000万,占全省人口1/3。 秦岭南麓和巴山地区因受东南季风的影响,雨量充沛,年降水量800—1000mm,气候温 相似文献
11.
中国种子植物特有属的数量分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
王荷生 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1985,23(4):241-258
Chinese flora with many endemic elements is highly important in the world’s
flora. According to recent statistics there are about 196 genera of spermatophytes, be-
ing 6.5% of total Chinese genera. These endemic genera comprising 377 species belong
to 68 families, among which the Gesneriaceae (28 genera), Umbelliferae (13), Compo-
sitae (13), Orchidaceae (12) and Labiatae (10) are predominant. The tropical type
containing 24 families and 80 genera is dominant. After it follows the temperate type
with 23 families and 50 genera. There are also 4 families endemic to China, i.e. Gin-
kgoaceae, Bretschneideraceae, Eucommiaceae and Davidiaceae. It shows that genera
endemic to China are obviously related to the tropical and temperate flora in essence.
The endemic monotypic genera (139) and endemic obligotypic genera (48) combin-
ed make up more than 95% of the total number of genera endemic to China. Phylo-
genetically more than half of them are ancient or primitive. The life forms of all ende-
mic genera are also diverse. Herbs, especially perennial herbs, prevail with the propor-
tion of about 62%, and trees and shrubs are the next, with 33%, and the rest are lianas.
Based upon the calculated number of genera endemic to China in each province and
the similarity coefficents between any two provinces, some conclusions may be drawn
as follows:
Yunnan and Sichuan Provinces combined are the distribution centre of genera en-
demic to China and may be their original or differentiation area, because numerous
endemic genera, including various groups, exist in these two provinces. The second is
Guizhou where there are 62 endemic genera. Others form a declining order, south
China, central China and east China. But towards the north China endemic genera de-
crease gradually, and the Qinling Range is an important distributional limit.
The largest simitarity coefficient, over 50%, appears between Shaanxi and Gansu
probably because of the Qinling Range linking these two provinces. But between any
other two provinces it is less than 30% and it is generaly larger between two south pro-
vinces than between two north provinces.
These characteristics mentioned above are correlated with topography and climate,
and they may be resulted from the diversification in geography and climatic influence
for a long time. 相似文献
12.
Xizang (Tibet) is rich in Leguminosae flora, comprising 41 genera and 254 species
so far known, exclusive of the commonly cultivated taxa (including 11 genera and 16
species). There are 4 endemic genera (with 8 species), 10 temperate genera (with 175
species) and 19 tropical genera (with 46 species) as well as the representatives of those
genera whose distribution centers are in East Asia-North America, Mediterranean
and Central Asia.
1. There are altogether 4 endemic genera of Leguminosae in this region. Accord-
ing to their morphological characters, systematic position and geographical distribution,
it would appear that Salweenia and Piptanthus are Tertiary paleo-endemics, while
Straceya and Cochlianths are neo-endemics. Salweenia and Piptanthus may be some
of more primitive members in the subfamily Papilionasae and their allies are largely
distributed in the southern Hemisphere. The other two genera might have been derived
from the northern temperate genus Hedysarum and the East Asian-North American
genus Apios respectively, because of their morphological resemblance. They probably
came into existanc during the uplifting of the Himalayas.
2. An analysis of temperate genera
There are twelve temperate genera of Leguminosae in the region, of which the
more important elements in composition of flora, is Astragalus, Oxytropis and Cara-
gana.
Astragalus is a cosmopolitan genus comprising 2000 species, with its center
distribution in Central Asia. 250 species, are from China so far known, in alpine zone of
Southwest and Northwest, with 70 species extending farther to the Himalayas and
Xizang Plateau.
Among them, there are 7 species (10%) common to Central Asia, 12 species (15.7%)
to Southwest China and 40 species (60%) are endemic, it indicates that the differentia-
tion of the species of the genus in the region is very active, especially in the subgenus
Pogonophace with beards in stigma. 27 species amounting to 78.5% of the total species of
the subgenus, are distributed in this region. The species in the region mainly occur in
alpine zone between altitude of 3500—300 m. above sea-level. They have developed into
a member of representative of arid and cold alpine regions.
The endemic species of Astragalus in Xizang might be formed by specialization of
the alien and native elements. It will be proved by a series of horizontal and vertical vicarism of endemic species. For example, Astragalus bomiensis and A. englerianus are
horizontal and vertical vicarism species, the former being distributed in southeast part
of Xizang and the latter in Yunnan; also A. arnoldii and A. chomutovii, the former
being an endemic on Xizang Plateau and latter in Central Asia.
The genus Oxytropis comprises 300 species which are mainly distributed in the
north temperate zone. About 100 species are from China so far known, with 40 species
extending to Himalayas and Xizang Plateau. The distribution, formation and differ-
entiation of the genus in this region are resembled to Astragalus. These two genera are
usually growing together, composing the main accompanying elements of alpine mea-
dow and steppe.
Caragana is an endemic genus in Eurasian temperate zone and one of constructive
elements of alpine bush-wood. About 100 species are from China, with 16 species in Xi-
zang. According to the elements of composition, 4 species are common to Inner Mon-
golia and Kausu, 4 species to Southwest of China, the others are endemic. This not only
indicates that the species of Caragana in Xizang is closely related to those species of
above mentioned regions, but the differentiation of the genus in the region is obviously
effected by the uplifting of Himalayas, thus leading to the formations of endemic species
reaching up to 50%.
3. An Analysis of Tropical Genera
There are 19 tropical genera in the region. They concentrate in southeast of Xizang
and southern flank of the Himalayas. All of them but Indigofera and Desmodium are
represented by a few species, especially the endemic species. Thus, it can be seen that
they are less differentiated than the temperate genera.
However, the genus Desmodium which extends from tropical southeast and northeast
Asia to Mexio is more active in differentiation than the other genera. According to Oha-
Shi,s system about the genus in 1973, the species of Desmodium distributed in Sino-Hima-
laya region mostly belong to the subgenus Dollinera and subgenus Podocarpium. The
subgenus Dollinera concentrates in both Sino-Himalaya region and Indo-China with 14
species, of which 7 species are endemic in Sino-Himalaya. They are closely related to
species of Indo-China, southern Yunnan and Assam and shows tha tthey have close con-
nections in origin and that the former might be derived from the latter.
Another subgenus extending from subtropical to temperate zone is Podocarpium.
Five out of the total eight species belonging to the subgenus are distributed in Sino-
Himalaya and three of them are endemic.
An investigation on interspecific evolutionary relationship and geographic distribu-
tion of the subgenus shows that the primary center of differentiation of Podocarpium
is in the Sino-Himalaya region.
Finally, our survey shows that owing to the uplifting of the Himalayas which has
brought about complicated geographic and climatic situations, the favorable conditions
have been provided not only for the formation of the species but also for the genus in cer-tain degree. 相似文献
13.
鄂西神农架地区的植被和植物区系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Shennungia is generally known as “The highest mountain in Central China”. It is
situated at latitude 31°342'N., longitude 110°35'E. in western Hupeh.
The area explored is deeply cut in all sides by five V-shaped valleys, giving the
landscape a steep topography. Its summit is about 3105 meters above the sea level, and
the relative altitude is from 1000-2000 meters.
The climate of the region is warm temperate. The differences of humidity-warmth
condition between the eastern and the western flanks are quite marked.
In western Hupeh and the adjacent area of Szechuan the rugged topography still
preserves some tracts of natural forests at higher elevations. Our vegetational survey
is confined to localities above 1500 meters. The collection of plant samples of the flora
is extended to the whole mountain from the foothill to the peak. The present article
deals with only a part of the results of our survey.
1. The vertical vegetation belts of Mt. Shennungia and relationships with other
regions: The vegetation belts on the eastern and the western flanks of the mountain
are shown in diagram 2 and 3. The comparison of the vertical vegetation zones of the
Mt. Shennungia with those of the Yülungshan in N. W. Yunnan and the eastern
Himalaya to the west and with those of Hwangshan and Central Japan to the east
is shown in table 4, It shows that the plant communities of the Mt. Shennungia are of
temperate nature, and they are more closely related to those of Hwangshan in S.
Anhwei and of Central Japan than to the eastern Himalaya.
2. Floristic composition: The generic ranges of flowering plant are relatively
distinct and stable. Various distributional patterns of genera are analysized.
1) Statistics of the genera in various distributional patterns: The total number
of genera of flowering plants in this region are 762, belonging to the following four
categories. A) tropical genera 239 (31.3%), B) temperate genera 416 (54.7%), C)
endemic genera 47 (6%), and D) comsmopolitan genera 61 (8%).
2) Endemic genera: An examination of the composition of the flora in western
Hupeh reveals that 47 endemic Chinese genera occur in this mountain of which 24 are
monotypic genera, 20 oligotypic and 2 multitypic as shown in Table 4. The arborescent
genera are nearly all deciduous. They are of temperate nature.
3) Temperate genera: There are 416 genera in wastern Hupeh. They are
subdivides into the following three groups according to their distributional patterns:
A) The north temperate genera: There are 159 genera belonging to 62 families in
western Hupeh. B) Eastern Asian genera: There are 117 genera belonging to 69
families in western Hupeh. Among them 22 are common to the western Szechuan,
adjacent regions of Yunnan and the Eastern Himalaya. The remaining 95 genera are
commom to both eastern China and Japan. C) The Eastern Asian-eastern North-
American genera: Of the total 762 genera known in western Hupeh, 64 are disjunc-
tively distributed in both eastern Asia and eastern North-America.
4) The tropical genera: Of the 762 genera of the flowering plant of western
Hupeh, 239 (31%) are of tropical nature.
Finally, our survey shows: 1. Many of the primitive temperate genera and ende-
mic relicts concentrate in western Hupeh and the adjacent region of Szechuan indica-
ting that it might be one of refuges of tertiary flora. Moreover, it might also be one
of the most important regions of differentiation, development and distribution of tem-
perature flora. 2. The vegetation of this region is not only of temperate nature, but
also of a transitional nature. 3. According to an analysis of the flora and a compari-
son of the vertical distribution of the vegetation of Yülungshan and Eastern Himalaya
to the west with Hwangshan and Central Japan to the east, the floristic affinity of
western Hupeh is more closely related to eastern China and Central Japan rather than
to the Eastern Himalaya, and phytogeographically this region is intermediate between
the Sino-Himalayan and the Sino-Japanese patterns. However, the problem of phyto-
geography of western Hupeh and the adjacent region of Szechuan is a complicated
one requiring further study.
相似文献
14.
本文结合地史初步探讨了第三纪以来武夷山苔藓植物可能发生的变化。武夷山的苔藓
植物主要为东亚区系成分和旧热带区系成分，与泛北极区系成分的相似性也相当明显。东亚
特有属(5个)系组成武夷山苔藓植物区系的重要因素之一，它低于黄山和西天目山的9个和
7个，与黄山等组成一个共同的苔藓植物东亚特有属的分布中心。从各方面的分析推测，这 类植物可能起源于第三纪，系一类“孑遗植物”。 相似文献
15.
白洋淀水生植物区系初步分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
陈耀东 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1987,25(2):106-113
The Baiyandian Lake lies at 115°56′ E. and 38°55′ N. It is about 8 m above
sea level, with an area about 312 square km. There are abundant aquatic plants here, inc-
luding flowering plants of 30 families, 46 genera, 66 species and 3 varieties besides one in-
troduced species. 32 species are erect ones covering about 48.5% of the total number of species
in this lake, 20 are submerged ones, about 30.3%, 9 are leaf-floating ones, about 13.6% and 5
are floating ones, 7.6%. The soil at the bed of the lake is very fertile and the depth is appro-
priate, favouring various plants. The coverage is large, sometimes it may reach 100%, for
example, in communities of Phragmites communis, Hydrilla verticillata, Hydrocharis dubis,
Trapa bicornis, etc. Although the Baiyandian Lake is located in the temperate zone, the floristic
elements are complex. There are tropic-subtropic elements and elements of high-frigid zone
as well. When compared respectively with the floras of the Lakes Jingbo Lake, Honghu Lake
and Lugu Lake, the flora of this lake is found more similar to that of subtropic Honghu Lake
than to those of the other lakes, which shows that it hase a character transitional between the
south and the north in China. Further studies of the floristic relationships are needed in order
to exploit and use the resources of the aquatic plants in this lake. 相似文献