共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
Victor W. A. Mbarika Fay Cobb Payton Lynette Kvasny Atieno Amadi 《The Information Society》2007,23(1):1-18
While Sub-Saharan African women have historically assumed the roles of both housewives and subsistence farmers, they have had few opportunities to participate in the modern economies of the region. However, this trend is changing with the exponential growth of information and communications technologies (ICT), giving many Sub-Sahara African women access to computers, the Internet, and other related technologies. Based on the work of a four-member research team from Kenya and the United States, this article examines the integration of female college students into the formal ICT work sector in Kenya. We do so by examining major bottlenecks and enablers to such integration from historical and contemporary perspectives. Using an interpretive approach, we conducted 32 interviews with women in an ICT program offered by a university in Kenya. Our findings indicate that women were highly optimistic, embracing ICT as a practical mechanism for achieving entry into the labor market. However, they perceived significant structural barriers, such as public policies that failed to facilitate the development of the ICT sector, gender discrimination by employers, and training that provided them with insufficient technical skills to enable them to effectively perform in the workplace. These findings largely confirm the gendered perspectives found in similar studies conducted in other countries. However, what appear as global perspectives are informed by the local causes. 相似文献
2.
Anthony G. Wilhelm 《The Information Society》2003,19(4):279-286
Bridging the digital divide between information and technology haves and have-nots has waned from the top of the national policy agenda in the United States during a time in which the sunken investments of the 1990s need to be leveraged. A national information network now exists yet this infrastructure--largely hardware--needs to be continually modernized and parlayed with commitments to building human capacity, developing relevant content, and scaling socially beneficial technology applications, such as telemedicine, in order to optimize these initial multi-billion-dollar outlays. This article makes the case that sidestepping public-private initiatives aimed at accelerating digital opportunity is imprudent, given the mounting empirical evidence highlighting the payoffs of information and communications technologies, when properly integrated and applied, especially in enhancing the life chances of underserved Americans. Policy next steps should advance the goals of expanding universal service initiatives, including hastening broadband deployment to homes and learning institutions, and deepening programs which leverage the utility of the existing infrastructure, such as expanding human-capital development, producing relevant content, and innovating socially beneficial technology applications. 相似文献
3.
Anthony G. Wilhelm 《The Information Society》2013,29(4):279-286
Bridging the digital divide between information and technology haves and have-nots has waned from the top of the national policy agenda in the United States during a time in which the sunken investments of the 1990s need to be leveraged. A national information network now exists yet this infrastructure--largely hardware--needs to be continually modernized and parlayed with commitments to building human capacity, developing relevant content, and scaling socially beneficial technology applications, such as telemedicine, in order to optimize these initial multi-billion-dollar outlays. This article makes the case that sidestepping public-private initiatives aimed at accelerating digital opportunity is imprudent, given the mounting empirical evidence highlighting the payoffs of information and communications technologies, when properly integrated and applied, especially in enhancing the life chances of underserved Americans. Policy next steps should advance the goals of expanding universal service initiatives, including hastening broadband deployment to homes and learning institutions, and deepening programs which leverage the utility of the existing infrastructure, such as expanding human-capital development, producing relevant content, and innovating socially beneficial technology applications. 相似文献
4.
In the United Kingdom, information and communication technologies are being used to e-enable multiagency community services for children. Public policy advocates that practitioners as well as users should be involved in the shaping of services including the information systems used in their delivery. This article discusses how a group of social and computer scientists developed the social formation methodology to facilitate nonexpert community participation in the design of e-enabled community care services. The longitudinal study adapts qualitative methods to understand community welfare and to foster participation in the design of communication systems. By exploring the perspectives of welfare practitioners and families, the importance of situated and mediated conversations in community care is identified. The facilitative conversation approach of the study then brings these community perspectives, as well as ICT perspectives, into design processes of e-enabled services. 相似文献
5.
In the United Kingdom, information and communication technologies are being used to e-enable multiagency community services for children. Public policy advocates that practitioners as well as users should be involved in the shaping of services including the information systems used in their delivery. This article discusses how a group of social and computer scientists developed the social formation methodology to facilitate nonexpert community participation in the design of e-enabled community care services. The longitudinal study adapts qualitative methods to understand community welfare and to foster participation in the design of communication systems. By exploring the perspectives of welfare practitioners and families, the importance of situated and mediated conversations in community care is identified. The facilitative conversation approach of the study then brings these community perspectives, as well as ICT perspectives, into design processes of e-enabled services. 相似文献
6.
Edward A. Friedman 《The Information Society》2013,29(3-4):269-320
Abstract This paper reviews developments in the work force as they bear on training needs from entry level skills through professional continuing education. It summarizes the state of the art in various categories of information technology as they apply to education and training, including interactive videodisc, satellite communications systems, videotex, and artificial intelligence methods. These technologies and their potential are illustrated through case study examples. Policy recommendations are presented for governmental, industrial, and higher educational institution initiatives. 相似文献
7.
Donna Vaughan 《Ethics and Information Technology》2011,13(2):131-150
The use of the capability approach as an evaluative tool for Information and Communication Technology (ICT) policy and programs
in developing countries, in particular at a grass-roots community level, is an emerging field of application. However, one
of the difficulties with ICT for development (ICT4D) evaluations is in linking what is often no more than a resource, for
example basic access, to actual outcomes, or means to end. This article argues that the capability approach provides a framework
for evaluating the strength of this linkage and that the latter is a key determinant of whether or not communities sustain
ICT4D programs beyond the initial start-up phase. The argument is made by describing an evaluative application of the capabilities
approach to community ICT4D programs using two Indigenous community case studies conducted in Cape York, in the far north-east
of Australia. Key to the evaluative approach is the identification of community defined, context specific concepts of well-being
and constitutive valued functionings and the derivation from this of required capabilities. This move away from normative
definitions of capabilities or capability types to a definition that reflects the Indigenous culture, history, circumstances,
and well-being aspirations of each community is intended to give a voice to the people and at the same time provide a deeper
informational base—through narrative—for policy and program design than has previously been available. The article concludes
that by operationalising the capability approach in a context and purpose specific way, policy and program design can be improved
so as to include more communities on the margin and thereby achieve more socially inclusive ICT based development. A process
is also outlined for using the evaluative application of the capability approach for community ICT4D within a policy feedback
loop. 相似文献
8.
美日英科技服务业激励政策的比较分析及启示 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
制定激励政策,推动科技服务业发展是世界各国普通采取的措施。美国、日本和英国,在实践中分别形成了市场主导型、政府主导型和多元混合型的激励政策体系,在推动本国科技服务业快速发展过程中,形成了自己鲜明的特色和成功的经验。比较各国的激励政策,得出普遍的规律,可以为我国科技服务业激励政策的制定和完善提供可资借鉴的参考。 相似文献
9.
随着公共危机管理理论与实践的发展,公共危机管理领域里基于性别的议题得到越来越多的关注。一个引人关注的共识是女性需要在公共危机管理中扮演重要角色。本文分析了公共危机管理中女性面临的问题与自身优势,分别在家庭、社会分工中定位了危机管理女性角色,从社会现实出发,提出改善有关政策环境、保障女性权利、加强女性防灾减灾技能的培训等建议,以使女性利用自身优势,更好地在公共危机管理中发挥作用。 相似文献
10.
AbstractInternational Telecommunication Union’s ICT Development Index and related measures of a country’s ICT development maturity suffer from several limitations, including subjective estimation of the weights of individual indicators and sub-indices, use of inappropriate quantitative models, specification bias arising from the exclusion of potential predictors from the estimation models, and a failure to capture the disparities among different groups of countries. To overcome these problems and provide a more reliable measure of ICT development, this study develops the Modified ICT Maturity Level Index using the 2015 data of 166 countries. This index adds affordability, efficiency, and quality to the existing sub-indices of access, use, and skills. Sub-index and indicator weights are determined in an outcome-orientated way using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling. We find that affordability, quality, and efficiency significantly explain the variation in the level of maturity of ICT development in addition to the previously used dimensions of International Telecommunication Union’s ICT Development Index and modified ICT Development Index (mIDI) developed by Gerpott and Ahmadi, and that their explanatory power differ by a country’s level of economic development. The new index produces significantly different country rankings. This has important implications for ICT policy priorities and provides a measure of ICT development maturity less prone to the innocent or intentional distortion of such policy priorities. 相似文献
11.
幼儿师范教育是我国教育体系的重要组成部分,其教育目标应确立为培养既拥有理论知识,又具备实践技能的高素质幼师人才。重视培养幼师生的教学能力不仅是提高幼儿师范专业教学质量的客观需求,更是提高幼师生职业素质的必然选择。基于此点,本文从丰富教学活动、强化说课训练、重视艺术技能培养、完善毕业实习四个方面对幼儿师范学校学生教学能力的培养策略进行详细论述。 相似文献
12.
Jacint Jordana Xavier Fern ndez David Sancho Yanina Welp 《The Information Society》2005,21(5):341-351
We examine the effect of public policy on the growth of Internet use. Using a decentralized country—Spain—as an example, we compare the 17 Spanish regions to test different Internet policy designs, taking into account the quality and number of specific programs promoted by regional governments, as well as the presence or absence of strategic planning in each region. We treat the percentage of Internet users as a dependent variable to compare its diffusion in different territories. Our findings show that educational levels and economic differences explain about half of the variations observed. Furthermore, the regional policies play a significant role in explaining regional variations. We investigate which public policy instruments are more significant for the development of the Internet, and find that focused policy intervention and complex policy initiatives are more significant than other policy instruments in explaining the increase in the percentage of Internet users. 相似文献
13.
本文主要关注纳米比亚ICT教育的发展现状及面临的挑战,主要有政策缺陷、资金分配不合理、基础设施及信息建设落后、课程选择率不高、内容单一、ICT教师培训力度不够等问题。 相似文献
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15.
《International Journal of Information Management》2017,37(2):75-83
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has been applied increasingly in supporting human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention and treatment. The technological advances have extended to the field of HIV self-management. The objectives of this paper are to examine the design and use of ICTs in HIV self-management programs, to identify the knowledge gaps in existing practice, and to provide recommendations for future research and program development. A systematic review was conducted to search all English literature published prior to August 2016 in six electronic databases. The inclusion criteria also included either quantitative or qualitative assessments of HIV self-management programs that utilized at least one ICT platform in the program protocol. The search identified six studies conducted in Australia and the United States. The studies were diverse in sample size and enrollment criteria of study population. The major functionalities of ICT platforms (mobile phones and websites) included delivering information modules, sending medication reminders, supporting self-monitoring for medical adherence and risk behavior reduction, enhancing communication among participants, and providing easy access to HIV self-management information. The major challenges faced by self-management programs utilizing ICTs were lack of interaction and concern of privacy. The HIV self-management programs that employed ICT platforms were limited in number and geographic coverage. Most of the programs were also tested at an initial stage with small size samples and minimum technical innovation. The lack of explicit guiding theories and models on information behavior or technology use was observed in all studies. Use of ICTs in HIV self-management interventions is an emerging field. Future research would benefit from paying more attention to technical innovation and interactive features in applying ICT platform in self-management programs. The ICTs platforms, with increasing innovation in connecting people and places, can serve as a powerful tool to reduce the disparities in health care and health promotion. Future research is also needed to explore the feasibility of applying ICT platforms in self-management programs that serving populations from diverse socioeconomic background and in resource-poor settings. 相似文献
16.
中职畜牧兽医专业实践教学由于历史和客观原因所致,实训基地软硬件建设不达标,导致学生专业技能难以提升,就业难招生难已成为中职学校的发展瓶颈。实施教育教学改革成为必然选择。 相似文献
17.
《普罗米修斯》2012,30(2):145-160
Patients and carers now have unprecedented access to health information via specialist journals and the popular media, while the worldwide web has revolutionised public access to clinical information. Levels of patient demand for information about health have grown and there is evidence to suggest that patients wish to receive more information than is sometimes currently provided by clinicians. In secondary care, some specialisms have more readily adopted the use of information communication technologies (ICT) in clinician/patient communication than others. This paper focuses on clinicians' perceptions of client Internet use for psychiatric conditions and studies the influence this has had on the consultation process in the United Kingdom. The research method consisted of a postal questionnaire distributed to the members of the Women in Psychiatry Group on the register of the Royal College of Psychiatry. Telephone interviews were conducted, employing the critical incident method, as well as a brief additional questionnaire. The data show that psychiatrists who used the Internet discerned client usage more readily. Where the client sought to discuss information acquired electronically with the consultant this tended to extend the consultation period, but a number of psychiatrists reported a greater sense of partnership as a result. The paper explores consultant perceptions of client motivations for Internet use and the perceived advantages and disadvantages for both client and psychiatrist. Overall, the psychiatry profession appears to be following the lead of clients in the use of ICT. Policy recommendations are offered with respect to the provision of profession-validated information on the Internet and psychiatrists' training in IT. 相似文献
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19.
THE IMPLICATIONS FOR TERTIARY VOCATIONAL EDUCATION OF THE GOVERNMENTS EMPHASIS UPON SKILLS FORMATION
《普罗米修斯》2012,30(2):292-302
This paper is addressed to those responsible for determining policy in tertiary vocational education, in particular senior staff in TAFE. It discusses the likely effects of the Government's recent emphasis on skills formation. The context for a skills formation approach is provided and the growing influence industry is likely to have upon vocational education is discussed. TAFE, as the major provider of tertiary vocational education, is the educational organisation most likely to be affected. The need to maintain a commitment to provide education as well as training, and for concern with equity as well as short term economic success, is stressed. The paper argues that we must learn from the thinking behind the economic successes of countries such as Sweden and Japan and use this to produce solutions which will work in our context, rather than simply copy the processes they have used to achieve that success. 相似文献
20.
The U.S.-China dispute surrounding 5G motivates further examination on China’s approach to international standardization. While China’s challenges with various standard initiatives to the global standards regime peaked in the 5G dispute have attracted public interests, scholarly approach to the dispute is still limited. We place the dispute in the context of China’s long-standing attempts for international standardization in ICT sectors. With enhanced economic power, China has pursued for pushing indigenous technologies into international standards, which has been a core part of its national science and technology (S&T) policy. This paper examines China’s international standard initiatives from the perspective of techno-nationalism. Our literature review identifies three pillars of techno-nationalism: state empowerment, growth orientation, and global connection. Then we investigate three cases of WAPI, TD-SCDMA and 5G and discuss how the patterns of developing international standards have varied in the framework of techno-nationalism. Over time, China’s international standard initiatives based on techno-nationalism have strengthened global connection and growth orientation, with increasing proximity to techno-nationalism of the Western style. In particular, China’s aspiration for growth orientation was much enhanced with the 5G standard initiative, compared to WAPI or TD-SCDMA, as it aims to be the first mover in the 5G race. Overall, our study suggests that China’s national S&T policy has been moving from the ‘catch-up’ to the ‘first-mover’ strategy, but the transformation continues to take place in the framework of techno-nationalism. 相似文献