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1.
统治者利益最大化与农业产出最小化--南京国民政府失败的制度分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
杨光斌 《华中师范大学学报(人文社会科学版)》2005,44(6):11-18
南京国民政府继承的危机性国家结构、在民族国家建设中产生的国家与社会的危机以及由此形成的对抗性的阶级关系,使得为实现统治者利益最大化即政治统治需要的社会产出最大化政策即两次土地改革政策均告失败,最终导致南京国民政府雪崩式失败。南京国民政府的失败一方面经典地演绎了诺思的“国家悖论”即统治者租金最大化与社会产出最大化之间的内在冲突,一方面也丰富着“国家悖论”,因为是统治者内部的结构性利益冲突使社会产出最大化的政策不能实现并由此导致整体性统治租金的耗散。 相似文献
2.
王晓军 《南宁师范高等专科学校学报》2011,(5):109-115
抗战时期,广西省临时参议会与省政府之间形成了激烈的冲突,其原因是：由于省临时参议会和省政府对于省临时参议会的性质、职权的认识不统一;省政府对省临时参议会的决议案实施不力加剧了双方的冲突;省临时参议会议长李任仁与省政府主席黄旭初在学理、政见、利益上的一系列矛盾,构成了民意机关与政府机关对立的深层原因。冲突的存在说明抗日战争时期作为民意机关的省临时参议会制度尽管从表面上已经建立,但难以发挥应有的功能。 相似文献
3.
Gun-Britt Wärvik 《Educational Action Research》2016,24(3):353-368
AbstractThis article is about a larger regional Swedish partnership programme that was established to develop site-based education for production workers. A partnership is seen as composed of different practice architectures. The actors involved represented larger transnational as well as smaller manufacturing companies, employers, the metal workers’ trade union, educational organizations, university researchers and public labour market authorities. Adult education teachers were engaged to act as leading action researchers on company-specific projects. The partnership programme is used here to illustrate the problem of supporting recognition under shifting partnership circumstances. The aim is to analyse enabling and constraining conditions affecting the teachers’ efforts as well as new possibilities that appeared as the partnership evolved over time. The article illustrates how the development of site-based education within a partnership framework means to develop a new practice that is very sensitive to local circumstances. It also shows how local meetings between people both enable and constrain, but also may open up a space for mutual recognition. A normative argument is that local spaces for mutual recognition need to be supported in a respectful way. Recognition of the particularities of each site is vital for this to happen. 相似文献
4.
The policy agenda of the UK government has repositioned the voluntary sector as a key player in the delivery of locally responsive, ‘bottom up’ services to address the complex problems of social exclusion, reaching out to sectors of the community which are beyond the grasp of traditional state or market providers. This has drawn many voluntary sector organizations into new forms of partnership with statutory bodies. This article draws from a Scottish study to explore the role of voluntary sector organizations working in schools to support the mental well‐being of children and young people. A framework to interrogate the data from case studies is provided by the Scottish Executive, who rehearse four main advantages of such partnerships between state and the voluntary sector. The article concludes that whilst voluntary sector organizations can and do deliver support to children and young people in innovative ways on the margins of school life, the power differential within the school structure makes their position too vulnerable to bring about quick or substantial change. 相似文献
5.
Max Visser 《Learning Inquiry》2008,2(2):127-137
To survive in and adapt to dynamic, turbulent, and complex environments, organizations need to engage in learning. This truism is particularly relevant for army organizations in times of war and armed conflict. In this article a case of army operations during World War II is analyzed on the basis of ?rtenblad’s integrated model of the learning organization and Argyris and Schön’s theory of action approach. Among others, it is found that survival of and adaptation to combat conditions is possible through single-loop learning, provided that this learning takes place in an open and productive learning climate. This and other conclusions have important implications for theory and practice of organizational learning under conditions of hierarchy and discipline. 相似文献
6.
This article contributes to the growing scholarly literature about students as partners in learning and teaching in higher education by describing an initiative designed to support partnership and a study investigating international staff and student perspectives. The initiative – an international summer institute – is a four-day, professional development experience that brought together students and staff from seven countries to learn about partnership and develop specific partnership projects. Participants in the institute were invited to contribute to a qualitative study exploring their experiences of students as partners work and their perceptions of the institute’s capacity to support it. Given that much existing research on this topic tends to be celebratory, we focus here on the challenges participants ascribed to student-staff partnership, and on the features of the summer institute they thought particularly useful in helping them to navigate these difficulties. Looking beyond the summer institute, we consider the implications of these findings for those looking to support partnership more broadly. 相似文献
7.
This article describes a critical service-learning project that resulted from an educational partnership among a national teachers' union, a local teachers' union, and a major research university. The partnership—funded by a grant from the Corporation for National and Community Service, Learn and Serve program—focused on professional development opportunities for K–12 educators across subject areas throughout an urban school district. Teachers enrolled in a university-level graduate course where they learned about critical service-learning, engaged in community-based activities, developed partnerships with local organizations, and facilitated critical service-learning projects in local schools and communities. Here, we highlight one of the many projects that emerged from this partnership as we attempt to connect theory with practice by reframing service-learning as learning and participation. We ask: How can a reframing of service-learning as learning and participation impact how we understand the educative and social engagements of four urban youth? 相似文献
8.
《Journal of Further & Higher Education》2012,36(3):211-219
This article presents an analysis of the policy rhetoric of partnership and the reality of the process of partnership working using data from a qualitative case study of a sub‐regional partnership. The purpose of the partnership is to widen participation in post‐16 learning in the Black Country, a part of the Midlands in England. Data collected through observation of partnership meetings, in‐depth interviews with members of the Partnership Board and documentary analysis provide a rich insight into the work of the partnership and the processes that have shaped its lifecycle. The findings reveal that at one level of analysis, partnership can be interpreted as a pragmatic response to New Labour's policy initiatives in the post‐16 sector of education and training but this reading of the data does not explain the ability of the case study partnership to sustain itself over a period of over five years. A deeper analysis of the stages in the lifecycle of the partnership indicates that shared goals underpinned by mutual values and trust amongst key people in the partnership constitute the ‘social glue’ that hold organizations and individuals together to provide the basis of effective and sustained partnership working. 相似文献
9.
跨界人指的是处于组织边界、维持组织内外联系的＂中介者＂。结合大学辅导员的双重角色定位,跨界行为是辅导员工作的核心,其有效性直接影响学生成长和学校组织的效率。基于跨界人的理论研究,对辅导员承担的跨界人行为——管理组织形象、处理环境信息、管理环境关系进行分析,指出跨界人所处的特殊位置带给辅导员的角色冲突、角色模糊和角色超载等压力,并从正确看待组织界限、注重组织支持-和提升个人工作扶巧三个方面提出了若干缓解角色压力的建议。 相似文献
10.
包容思想源自社会团结理论,是解决社会冲突问题和多元利益纷争的指导思想和有效方法,近年来越来越成为促进各类组织和多元主体和谐发展的观念。大学学术权力与行政权力的关系是当今社会冲突领域中的经典案例,两者既有区别又不能分离,由于根本利益和目标一致,它们之间存在包容的理论依据,能够建立包容的制度安排。 相似文献
11.
Susan Sturm 《Performance Improvement Quarterly》1999,12(1):20-51
ABSTRACT : This article documents the inadequacy of the prevailing legal approaches to discrimination in the workplace based on their failure to take account of neither the emerging dynamics of organizational governance nor the patterns of exclusion and bias that operate within these organizational structures. Legal doctrine and practice focuses on individuals and policies as the locus of bias, to the exclusion of groups and structures that often play more central roles in causing individual exclusion based on race and gender. Current law treats conflict as aberrational and inevitably destructive, ignoring its inevitable and potentially constructive aspects, and polarizing racial and gender conflict when it does arise. Legal intervention often occurs after the fact in reaction to crises and problems and fails to connect legal norms to the complex internal dynamics of organizations. This article lays out the outline of a more structural and dynamic approach to regulation that has the potential to respond to the dynamic, interactive, and unstable conditions in which employment practices increasingly occur. 相似文献
12.
Education and conflict: Essay review 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This review essay looks at three recent publications in the emerging field of ‘education and conflict’ and explores an apparent gap between theory and practice in the field. Recent works by educationalists Lynn Davies, ‘Education and conflict: complexity and chaos’ (2004) and Tony Gallagher, ‘Education in divided societies (2004)’ are contrasted with the World Bank's 2005 ‘Reshaping the future: education and postconflict reconstruction’, and similarities between the publications are highlighted. Davies’ work uses complexity theory to illuminate the relationships between education and conflict and to establish an argument for ‘complex-adaptive schools’, which would use conflict positively to engage students in the creation of peaceful communities. Gallagher, using a number of well-developed case studies, examines the way education systems have been structured to respond to and operate in divided societies, concluding that classroom agency and flexibility are crucial. The calls, by Davies and Gallagher, for educational re-creation are explored in contrast to the World Bank's publication, which offers best practice lessons to support post-conflict educational reconstruction. The article probes these differences and points to areas where the practitioner-directed Bank publication and the more academic works do and do not intersect, attempting to indicate areas where bridges may be built. 相似文献
13.
Jo Rose Alex Stanforth Gwen Gilmore Jill Bevan-Brown 《Emotional and Behavioural Difficulties》2018,23(3):270-283
Reducing fixed term exclusions (FTE) in primary schools is a difficult proposition. This research discusses how a partnership of primary schools developed more inclusive systems to support students previously given FTEs for disciplinary purposes. Longitudinal data from interviews and documentary sources trace the development of an approach amongst primary schools with previously high levels of FTE. The process of developing a model of transferred inclusion (TI) within the partnership led to schools changing practices around behaviour management, thus developing more inclusive systems. The paper elaborates on partnership work around the TI project that opened up discussion and questioning of practice around behaviour, leading to schools thinking about their systemic practice. The benefits of TI, therefore, were a prompt for development, rather than just an intervention to reduce exclusions. Changes in practice supported through the TI process lead to claims that substantive change would not have happened without the TI project. 相似文献
14.
合并高校整合管理的文化因素分析 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
在高校合并的操作过程中,文化由于是大学内在的品质往往容易被忽视,但在现实中它是影响合并是否有效的很重要因素,必须将文化要素纳入高校合并的整合管理视野中。通过对大学文化内在差异性的分析,剖析合并后大学原有成员之间存在的文化冲突,进而从功能主义、冲突论和生态学等不同视角探究隐藏于文化冲突背后的深层原因,有助于我们解决合并大学的文化冲突并促成文化的融合。 相似文献
15.
本文从新制度主义对制度的理解出发,基于跨学科学术组织的规范性要素和文化-认知性要素进行探讨。大学跨学科学术组织的学科文化冲突主要表现在学科文化信念和价值观方面,如学者价值观的异质、学科文化认同度迥异、学科话语权的争夺等。其形成与学科规训所形成的学科文化积淀、学术部落所构成的行动情境、以及学者思维和地位产生影响的行动选择有关。要消弭学科文化冲突需要重构行动者的学科文化信念、行动情境、规整学者行动。 相似文献
16.
Linda Valli Amanda Stefanski Reuben Jacobson 《International Journal of Leadership in Education》2018,21(1):31-49
School–community partnerships have shown promise as an educational reform effort. In these partnerships, schools expand their traditional educational mission to include health and social services for children and families and to involve the broader community. Such partnerships have been found to enhance student learning, strengthen schools and support struggling neighbourhoods. Little is known, however, about the implications for school and community leadership in different types of partnerships. A previous review of the literature indicated four basic types of partnership, each with a different scope and purpose and different implications for leadership. Informed by interagency, leadership and social capital theories, this article describes the leadership practices that support each model and the dilemmas these partnership leaders face. The overall goal of the article is to deepen understanding of leadership in these models in order to strengthen the conditions for school–community partnership success. 相似文献
17.
熊觉 《湖南城市学院学报》2013,(6):64-68
地方治理理论强调地方政府、社会与市场组织和公民自组织的良好合作,具有十分明显的西方社会话语特征,但在我国特殊的历史务件和体制环境中,地方治理更倾向于强势一方的地方政府的治理,形成了强政府治理的苏南模式和市场先行、社会参与的浙江模式两种典型的地方政府治理模式,反映了西方话语特征的地方治理理论在中国有其自身的适应和发展空间,具有明显的地方政府主导色彩,社会的参与治理也依赖于地方政府的推进。正是由于地方政府的主导与推进。使我国地方政府治理模式正朝向构建多中心治理结构、深化服务理念和由“善政”走向“善治”的趋势变革。 相似文献
18.
Christine Edwards-Groves Anette Olin Gunilla Karlberg-Granlund 《Educational Action Research》2016,24(3):321-333
AbstractThis article is the first and introductory article of this special issue. The article gives a societist account of the principles of partnership and recognition as they are encountered and experienced in practices in action research. A societist account of practices requires a social theory for understanding practices. Therefore, the article utilises the resources of a contemporary form of practice theory, the theory of practice architectures and ecologies of practices, to lay down the foundation for conceptualising partnerships and recognition. Specifically, it introduces the theory as a foundation for the other articles in this special issue which, as a collective, examine the cultural-discursive, material-economic and social-political arrangements that enable and constrain particular kinds of partnerships and recognition that exist or evolve in site-based education development. Additionally, the article presents theoretical considerations concerning the principles of partnership and recognition that emerge as enmeshments of one another which mutually form, reform and transform practices in action research. 相似文献
19.
Toward a Learning Technologies knowledge network 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Roy D. Pea Robert Tinker Marcia Linn Barbara Means John Bransford Jeremy Roschelle Sherry Hsi Sean Brophy Nancy Songer 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》1999,47(2):19-38
The National Science Foundation-funded Center for Innovative Learning Technologies (CILT) is designed to be a national resource
for stimulating research and development of technology-enabled solutions to critical problems in K-14 science, math, engineering
and technology learning. The Center, launched at the end of 1997, is organized around four themes identified as areas where
research is likely to result in major gains in teaching and learning, and sponsors research across disciplines and institutions
in its four theme areas. CILT brings together experts in the fields of cognitive science, educational technologies, computer
science, subject matter learning, and engineering. It engages business through an Industry Alliance Program and is also training
postdoctoral students. CILT's founding organizations are SRI International's Center for Technology in Learning, University
of California at Berkeley (School of Education and Department of Computer Science), Vanderbilt University's Learning Technology
Center, and the Concord Consortium. Through its programs, CILT seeks to reach beyond these organizations to create a web of
organizations, individuals, industries, schools, foundations, government agencies, and labs, that is devoted to the production,
sharing and use of new knowledge about how learning technologies can dramatically improve the processes and outcomes of learning
and teaching. This paper describes the rationale and operations of the Center, and first-year progress in defining a set of
CILT partnership projects with many other institutions that came out of our national theme-team workshops.
Roy Pea, of SRI International, is Director of CILT.
Marcia Linn (U. California, Berkeley), John Bransford (Vanderbilt University), Barbara Means (SRI International), and Robert
Tinker (Concord Consortium), serve as CILT's coprincipal investigators.
Sherry Hsi (Ubiquitous Computing) and Sean Brophy (Technology and Assessment Models) are among the first group of CILT Postdoctoral
Fellows.
Jeremy Roschelle (SRI International) and Nancy Songer (University of Michigan) are CILT theme-team leaders.
Roy Pea and Marcia Linn would like to thank the Spencer Foundation for support during their year at the Center for Advanced
Study in the Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, in which they developed the CILT concept with the other authors. CILT
is funded by National Science Foundation grant #CDA-9720384. Pea and Linn would also like to acknowledge contributions to
this article by the many authors of CILT partnership project proposals, and by theme-team leaders.
The authors thankfully acknowledge Donna Baranski-Walker for her many contributions to developing the CILT Industrial Alliance
Program while serving as its Director in 1998. 相似文献
20.
地方主义与国民党政府中央权威论析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
邓正兵 《韩山师范学院学报》2002,23(3):1-9
地方主义和中央权威的冲突贯穿国民党政府的始终。国民党地方实力派在政治、经济、军事、外交等方面不断侵蚀和挑战中央权威 ,使国民党政府不能真正统一中国。出现这种情况既有历史的原因 ,也有体制和派系斗争等方面的原因。虽然国民党一直在努力加强中央权威 ,地方实力派也并非分裂势力 ,但国民党中央与地方不能统一的状况始终存在 ,并给国民党政府的兴亡产生了重大影响 相似文献