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1.
Abstract

The aim of this study was to examine the time-course of and the relationships between muscle oxygenation, blood volume and myoelectrical manifestations during isometric exercise in children. Twelve healthy children aged 12.5 ± 1.2 years (mean ± s) performed an isometric knee extension at 50% of their maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) until exhaustion to assess endurance time (limit time, T lim). Changes in muscle oxygenation and blood volume were assessed by near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). The root mean square (RMS) amplitude and the mean power frequency (MPF) from electromyogram (EMG) signals were obtained, as NIRS parameters, from the vastus lateralis. Mean T lim was 117 ± 34 s. The muscle oxygenation and blood volume curves decreased immediately at the beginning of exercise. Maximal deoxygenation occurred at 50% T lim, and fell by 76.9% from the resting value. Similarly, minimal blood volume was observed at 50% T lim; it reached a plateau that lasted until the end of exercise. The kinetics of the MPF and RMS curves were inversely related to time. At the last set of exercises (after 75% T lim), a steeper RMS curve and an abrupt decrease in the MPF curve were observed. Significant correlations (r) between muscle oxygenation, blood volume, root mean square amplitude and mean power frequency were observed, which ranged from 0.72 to 0.99. These findings suggest that the fatigue resulting from sustained isometric exercise is related to a decrease in oxygenation and blood volume.  相似文献   

2.
This study investigates the physiological responses to upwind sailing on a laser emulation ergometer and analyses the components of the physical profile that determine the physiological responses related to sailing level. Ten male high-level laser sailors performed an upwind sailing test, incremental cycling test and quadriceps strength test. During the upwind sailing test, heart rate (HR), oxygen uptake, ventilation, respiratory exchange ratio, rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and lactate concentration were measured, combined with near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and electromyography (EMG) registration of the M. Vastus lateralis. Repeated measures ANOVA showed for the cardio-respiratory, metabolic and muscles responses (mean power frequency [MPF], root mean square [RMS], deoxy[Hb+Mb]) during the upwind sailing test an initial significant increase followed by a stabilisation, despite a constant increase in RPE. Stepwise regression analysis showed that better sailing level was for 46.5% predicted by lower MPF decrease. Lower MPF decrease was for 57.8% predicted by a higher maximal isometric quadriceps strength. In conclusion, this study indicates that higher sailing level was mainly determined by a lower rate of neuromuscular fatigue during the upwind sailing test (as indicated by MPF decrease). Additionally, the level of neuromuscular fatigue was mainly determined by higher maximal isometric quadriceps strength stressing the importance of resistance training in the planning of training.  相似文献   

3.
主动肌和拮抗肌功能转变瞬间的肌电平均功率频率变化   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  
目的:通过对主动肌和拮抗肌功能转变瞬间肌电平均功率频率的观察,探讨中枢控制因素在决定MPF变化中的独立性作用.方法:10名健康男性志愿者在完成60%MVC强度的疲劳性等长屈肘运动负荷试验后,瞬间转变肌肉工作性质,完成60%MVC强度的疲劳性等长伸肘运动,分别记录肱二头肌和肱三头肌的sEMG信号,观察两次疲劳试验以及瞬间转变过程中肌电MPF等sENG指标变化.结果:等长屈肘和等长伸肘快速转变的瞬间,主动肌和拮抗肌MPF等各项sEMG信号分析指标均发生了显著性改变,表现出明显的跃变现象;无论是转变之前,还是转变之后的等长疲劳试验过程中,主动肌与拮抗肌的MPF、C(n)和%DEF均表现出类似的变化规律,而拮抗肌AEMG则维持相对恒定.结论:中枢运动控制是导致疲劳过程中MPF单调递减变化的独立性作用因素,其可能的作用机制是CNS将主动肌与拮抗肌作为一组控制肌群实施同步控制.  相似文献   

4.
There is a paucity of research on devices suitable for home-based isometric exercise. Our aim was to compare cardiovascular responses to isometric exercise using novel and established methods. Ten individuals (age 34.0 +/- 8.5 years, mass 68.2 +/- 10.4 kg, height 1.72 +/- 0.09 m; mean +/- s) performed three different isometric exercise protocols with 48 h between each. Each protocol involved four repeated exercise bouts of 2 min at 30% maximum voluntary contraction force using alternate legs (transducer), alternate arms (transducer), or alternate arms (novel device). Systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate were measured every 30 s. The highest (peak) values during each 2 min bout of exercise were recorded (peak systolic blood pressure, peak diastolic blood pressure, peak mean arterial blood pressure and peak heart rate). At the end of each 2 min exercise bout, the participants rated their perceived discomfort using Borg's CR-10 scale. There was a statistically significant difference in peak systolic blood pressure between isometric arm flexion using the force transducer and the novel device [158.1 +/- 10.8 vs. 149.1 +/- 13.9 mmHg (mean +/- s); P = 0.02]. Further analysis showed that peak systolic blood pressure was on average 9 mmHg higher using the force transducer with limits of agreement of - 15.97 to 33.97 mmHg. Analysis of the peak diastolic blood pressure, peak mean arterial blood pressure, peak heart rate and CR-10 data revealed no statistically significant differences between the three protocols. These results suggest that this novel, home-based method elicited similar cardiovascular responses during isometric exercise to those of established laboratory-based methods. However, the lower peak systolic blood pressure using the modified scales warrants further investigation before this method is used widely in the home.  相似文献   

5.
Abstract

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of wearing compression socks (CS) on performance indicators and physiological responses during prolonged trail running. Eleven trained runners completed a 15.6 km trail run at a competition intensity whilst wearing or not wearing CS. Counter movement jump, maximal voluntary contraction and the oxygenation profile of vastus lateralis muscle using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) method were measured before and following exercise. Run time, heart rate (HR), blood lactate concentration and ratings of perceived exertion were evaluated during the CS and non-CS sessions. No significant difference in any dependent variables was observed during the run sessions. Run times were 5681.1±503.5 and 5696.7±530.7 s for the non-CS and CS conditions, respectively. The relative intensity during CS and non-CS runs corresponded to a range of 90.5–91.5% HRmax. Although NIRS measurements such as muscle oxygen uptake and muscle blood flow significantly increased following exercise (+57.7% and + 42.6%,+59.2% and + 32.4%, respectively for the CS and non-CS sessions, P<0.05), there was no difference between the run conditions. The findings suggest that competitive runners do not gain any practical or physiological benefits from wearing CS during prolonged off-road running.  相似文献   

6.
The aim of the present study was to investigate the acute effect of the aerobic exercise volume on maximum strength and strength-endurance performance; and possible causes of strength decrements (i.e. central and peripheral fatigue). Twenty-one moderately trained men were submitted to a maximal incremental test to determine anaerobic threshold (AnT) and maximum dynamic strength (1RM) and strength-endurance (i.e. total volume load [TV]) tests to determine their baseline strength performance. Following, subjects performed six experimental sessions: aerobic exercise sessions (continuous running at 90% AnT) with different volumes (3?km, 5?km or 7?km) followed by 1RM or strength-endurance test in the 45° leg press exercise. Maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC), voluntary activation (VA) level, contractile properties, and electromyographic activity (root mean square [RMS]) of the knee extensor muscles were assessed before and after aerobic exercises and after strength tests. TV was lower after 5?km and 7?km runs than in the control condition (12% and 22%, respectively). Additionally, TV was lower after 7?km than 3?km (14%) and 5?km (12%) runs. MVIC, VA, RMS, and contractile properties were reduced after all aerobic exercise volumes (～8%, ～5%, ～11% and ～6–14%, respectively). Additionally, MVIC, VA, and contractile properties were lower after strength tests (～15%, ～6%, ～9–26%, respectively). In conclusion, strength-endurance performance is impaired when performed after aerobic exercise and the magnitude of this interference is dependent on the aerobic exercise volume; and peripheral and central fatigue indices could not explain the different TV observed.  相似文献   

7.
Previous studies analysing electromyograms (EMGs) from indwelling electrodes have indicated that fast-twitch motor units are selectively recruited for low-intensity eccentric contractions. The aim of this study was to compare the frequency content of surface EMGs from quadriceps muscles during eccentric and concentric contractions at various contraction intensities. Electromyograms were recorded from the rectus femoris, vastus lateralis and vastus medialis muscles of 10 men during isokinetic (1.05 rad x s(-1)) eccentric and concentric knee extension contractions at 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) for each contraction mode. Additionally, isometric contractions (70 degrees) were performed at each intensity. The mean frequency and root mean square (RMS) of the surface EMG were computed. Mean frequency was higher for eccentric than concentric contractions at 25% (P < 0.01), 50% (P < 0.01) and 75% (P < 0.05) but not at 100% MVC. It increased with increasing contraction intensity for isometric (P < 0.001) and concentric (P < 0.01) contractions but not for eccentric contractions (P = 0.27). The EMG amplitude (RMS) increased with increasing contraction intensity similarly in each contraction mode (P < 0.0001). Higher mean frequencies for eccentric than concentric contractions at submaximal contraction intensities is consistent with more fast-twitch motor units being active during eccentric contractions.  相似文献   

8.
为了揭示自行车运动时大腿和小腿肌群的氧代谢的特征及其肌肉活动量之间的关系,12名健康男子受试者在50、100、150、200、250W等5种负荷强度下,分别进行了6min的自行车踏蹬运动,并采用近红外线光谱和表面肌电图技术,对右侧下肢股四头肌和腓肠肌的氧合血红蛋白/肌红蛋白(oxy-Hb/Mb)与积分肌电图进行了连续性的同步测定。结果发现:股四头肌的oxy-Hb/Mb在50W至150W时下降比较缓慢,200W和250W时下降十分明显;iEMG在50W至150W时缓慢上升,200W和250W时迅速上升。腓肠肌的oxy-Hb/Mb50W至200W时缓慢下降,但在250W时发生快速下降现象;iEMG在50W至150W时缓慢上升,但在250W时则迅速增加。各负荷强度下股四头肌和腓肠肌的oxy-Hb/Mb与iEMG相互之间比较,分别具有明显的相关性。由此推测,运动中两肌的oxy-Hb/Mb整体水平变化及相互间差异,归结于运动时两肌的运动量和负担度。  相似文献   

9.
A well-documented observation after eccentric exercise is a reduction in maximal voluntary force. However, little is known about the ability to maintain maximal isometric force or generate and maintain dynamic peak power. These aspects of muscle function were studied in seven participants (5 males, 2 females). Knee extensor isometric strength and rate of fatigue were assessed by a sustained 60 s maximal voluntary contraction at 80 degrees and 40 degrees knee flexion, corresponding to an optimal and a shortened muscle length, respectively. Dynamic peak power and rate of fatigue were assessed during a 30 s Wingate cycle test. Plasma creatine kinase was measured from a fingertip blood sample. These variables were measured before, 1 h after and 1, 2, 3 and 7 days after 100 repetitions of the eccentric phase of the barbell squat exercise (10 sets x 10 reps at 80% concentric one-repetition maximum). Eccentric exercise resulted in elevations in creatine kinase activity above baseline (274+/-109 U x l(-1); mean +/- s(x)) after 1 h (506+/-116 U x l(-1), P < 0.05) and 1 day (808+/-117 U x l(-1), P < 0.05). Isometric strength was reduced (P < 0.05) for 7 days (35% at 1 h, 5% at day 7) and the rate of fatigue was lower (P < 0.05) for 3 days at 80 degrees and for 1 day at 40 degrees. Wingate peak power was reduced to a lesser extent (P < 0.05) than isometric strength at 1 h (13%) and, although the time course of recovery was equal, the two variables differed in their pattern of recovery. Eccentrically exercised muscle was characterized by an inability to generate high force and power, but an improved ability to maintain force and power. Such functional outcomes are consistent with the proposition that type II fibres are selectively recruited or damaged during eccentric exercise.  相似文献   

10.
肌氧含量的相对有效下降值与最大摄氧量的对比研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  
采用近红外无损肌氧监测系统，对赛艇运动员在递增强度运动时骨骼肌组织中肌氧的变化进行监测，测定不同运动员的肌氧含量相对有效下降值（Deff），并测定最大摄氧量（VO2max）。将监测到的Deff与VO2max的变化作对比研究，以期探讨骨骼肌组织中肌氧含量的相对变化与VO2max的变化规律及相关关系。研究结果显示运动中肌氧含量的相对有效下降值与最大摄氧量存在相关性，这为用无损伤技术监测人体运动时氧化代谢能力提供了新的途径。  相似文献   

11.
In this study, we examined the long-term reductions in maximal isometric force (MIF) caused by a protocol of repeated maximal isometric contractions at long muscle length. Furthermore, we wished to ascertain whether the reductions in MIF are dependent on muscle length--that is, are the reductions in MIF more pronounced when the muscle contracts at a short length. The MIF of the elbow flexors of seven young male volunteers was measured at five different elbow angles between 50 degrees and 160 degrees. On a separate day, the participants performed 50 maximal voluntary isometric muscle contractions with the elbow flexors at a lengthened position; that is, with the shoulder hyperextended at 45 degrees and the elbow joint fixed at 140 degrees. Following this exercise, the MIF at the five elbow angles, range of motion, muscle soreness and plasma creatine kinase activity were measured at 24 h intervals for 4 days. On day 1, the decline in MIF was higher at the more acute elbow angles of 50 degrees (42 +/- 8%) and 70 degrees (39 +/- 8%; both P<0.01) than at 90 degrees (26 +/- 4%) and 140 degrees (16 +/- 3%; both P<0.01). No significant reduction in MIF was evident at an elbow angle of 160 degrees. Maximal isometric force at an elbow angle of 140 degrees was fully restored on day 3, whereas at an angle of 50 degrees it remained depressed for the 4 day observation period. Restoration of MIF was a function of the elbow angle, with force recovery being less at the smaller angles. The range of motion was decreased by 14 +/- 2 degrees on day 1 (P<0.01) and did not return to baseline values by day 4. Muscle soreness ratings remained significantly elevated for the 4 day period. Serum creatine kinase peaked on day 1 (522 +/- 129 IU, P<0.01) and decreased thereafter. We conclude that the disproportionate decrease in MIF at the small elbow angles and the length-specific recovery in MIF after repeated maximal isometric contractions at long muscle length may be explained by the presence of overstretched sarcomeres that increased in series compliance of the muscle, therefore causing a rightward shift of the force-length relationship.  相似文献   

12.
Abstract

In this study, we examined the time course of changes in the blood volume and oxygenation of accessory respiratory (RM) and locomotor (LM) muscles, and the interrelationships of changes in these parameters during maximal incremental intermittent exercise in 15 non-endurance-trained active men. Blood volume and oxygenation of the serratus anterior and of vastus lateralis were measured simultaneously by near-infrared spectroscopy. The respiratory compensation point, and the breakpoints where abrupt changes were apparent in RM and LM blood volume and oxygenation versus time were identified. During exercise, the decreases in RM and LM oxygenation were accentuated in the vicinity of the respiratory compensation point. This was concomitant with a reduction in LM, but not RM, blood volume. The time at which the respiratory compensation point and the breakpoints in RM and LM blood volume and oxygenation were detected (70.2–75.0% exercise time) did not differ, and were inter-correlated (r=0.56 to 0.95). Moreover, the rate of the accelerated fall of oxygenation in the locomotor muscles was correlated with that of the decline in blood volume in that area (r=0.73), and with that of the accelerated fall of oxygenation in the respiratory muscles (r=0.71). The results suggest that the high ventilatory demand, which occurs naturally during intense intermittent exercise in non-endurance-trained individuals, may precipitate an accelerated fall in RM oxygenation, concomitant with a reduction in LM blood volume and an accentuated decline in LM oxygenation. Such responses are likely to occur above the respiratory compensation point during intermittent exercise.  相似文献   

13.
为测定并分析不同运动能力受试者在动力和静力性运动时肌肉运动疲劳过程中肌电和脑电信号变化特征,将20名受试者分为两组,经常运动组(A组)10名,运动不足组 10名(B组).受试者进行动力性MVC持续肌肉收缩和1/3MVC静力性持续收缩两种运动,同步记录EMG和EEG信号.结果显示,MVC动力性运动时A组受试者平均MVC、RMS、IEMG显著性大于B组,MF则呈下降.随肌肉收缩持续IEMG变化形成一明显的转折点,但1/3MVC静力性运动时肌肉持续收缩时间短于MVC运动时间.不管是动力还是静力运动IEMG拐点与脑电α指数拐点发生在时间上一致.结论:IEMG形成的拐点可能成为肌肉疲劳的参照点.EEG所反映的中枢疲劳与EMG所反映的外周疲劳在生物电学变化上具有共性特征.  相似文献   

14.
The purpose of this study was (a) to assess lactate accumulation during isometric exercise, and to quantify the shifts in accumulation following isometric training; and (b) to relate any training-induced changes in lactate accumulation to reductions in resting blood pressure. Eleven male participants undertook isometric training for a 4-week period using bilateral-leg exercise. Training caused reductions in systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial resting blood pressure (of -4.9 ± 6.3 mmHg, P = 0.01; -2.6 ± 3.0 mmHg, P = 0.01; and -2.6 ± 2.3 mmHg, P = 0.001 respectively; mean ± s). These were accompanied by changes in muscle activity, taken as electromyographic activity to reach a given lactate concentration (from 114 ± 22 to 131 ± 27 mV and from 136 ± 25 to 155 ± 34 mV for 3 and 4 mmol · L(-1) respectively. Training intensity expressed relative to peak lactate was correlated with reduced resting systolic and mean arterial blood pressure. Training caused significant shifts in lactate accumulation, and reductions in resting blood pressure are strongly related to training intensity, when expressed relative to pre-training peak lactate. This suggests that higher levels of local muscle anaerobiosis may promote the training-induced reductions in resting blood pressure.  相似文献   

15.
目的:研究递增负荷运动后肌氧和血乳酸的恢复特点及特征性指标的关联性,探索恢复评价的有效指标与科学化手段.方法:14名赛艇轻量级运动员进行递增负荷运动试验,采用静止休息的方式恢复至安静状态.用近红外光谱术(NIRS)监测运动时及恢复期主动肌氧含量的变化,提取肌氧恢复幅度(H)、半恢复时(TR),计算肌氧半恢复速率(RHbO2).在运动停止后即刻及恢复期测定血乳酸,找出峰值(Blamax)及峰值出现的时间(t)、恢复至30min时的血乳酸浓度(Bla30),计算乳酸清除速率(RBla).结果:肌氧含量与血乳酸的变化与氧化代谢水平和恢复程度相适应.肌氧半恢复速率RHbO2和血乳酸清除速率RBla存在显著的正相关(r=0.791,P＜0.01),回归方程存在显著意义.结论:肌氧和血乳酸的变化在内在机制上存在必然的联系,可以反映机体的恢复水平和氧化代谢能力.将RHbO2取代传统指标RBla应用于代谢能力和恢复评价具有可行性;NIRS为训练监控的科学化发展提供了有效的检测手段.  相似文献   

16.
The aim of the study was to examine several physiological responses to a climbing-specific task to identify determinants of endurance in sport rock climbing. Finger strength and endurance of intermediate rock climbers (n = 11) and non-climbers (n = 9) were compared using climbing-specific apparatus. After maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) trials, two isometric endurance tests were performed at 40% (s = 2.5%) MVC until volitional exhaustion (continuous contractions and intermittent contractions of 10 s, with 3 s rest between contractions). Changes in muscle blood oxygenation and muscle blood volume were recorded in the flexor digitorum superficialis using near infra-red spectroscopy. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Climbers had a higher mean MVC (climbers: 485 N, s = 65; non-climbers 375 N, s = 91) (P = 0.009). The group mean endurance test times were similar. The force-time integral, used as a measure of climbing-specific endurance, was greater for climbers in the intermittent test (climbers: 51,769 N x s, s = 12,229; non-climbers: 35,325 N x s, s = 9724) but not in the continuous test (climbers: 21,043 N x s, s = 4474; non-climbers: 15,816 N x s, s = 6263). Recovery of forearm oxygenation during rest phases (intermittent test) explained 41.1% of the variability in the force-time integral. Change in total haemoglobin was significantly greater in non-climbers (continuous test) than climbers (P = 0.023--40% test timepoint, P = 0.014--60% test timepoint). Pressor responses were similar between groups and not related to the force-time integral for either test. We conclude that muscle re-oxygenation during rest phases is a predictor of endurance performance.  相似文献   

17.
In this study, we assessed the effect of exercise-induced muscle damage on knee extensor muscle strength during isometric, concentric and eccentric actions at 1.57 rad x s(-1) and vertical jump performance under conditions of squat jump, countermovement jump and drop jump. The eight participants (5 males, 3 females) were aged 29.5+/-7.1 years (mean +/- s). These variables, together with plasma creatine kinase (CK), were measured before, 1 h after and 1, 2, 3, 4 and 7 days after a bout of muscle damaging exercise: 100 barbell squats (10 sets x 10 repetitions at 70% body mass load). Strength was reduced for 4 days (P< 0.05) but no significant differences (P> 0.05) were apparent in the magnitude or rate of recovery of strength between isometric, concentric and eccentric muscle actions. The overall decline in vertical jump performance was dependent on jump method: squat jump performance was affected to a greater extent than countermovement (91.6+/-1.1% vs 95.2+/-1.3% of pre-exercise values, P< 0.05) and drop jump (95.2+/-1.4%, P< 0.05) performance. Creatine kinase was elevated (P < 0.05) above baseline 1 h after exercise, peaked on day 1 and remained significantly elevated on days 2 and 3. Strength loss after exercise-induced muscle damage was independent of the muscle action being performed. However, the impairment of muscle function was attenuated when the stretch-shortening cycle was used in vertical jumping performance.  相似文献   

18.
The purpose of this study was to explore the dose–response relationship between exercise and cognitive performance using an acute bout of isometric exercise. University students (N = 55) were randomly assigned to control, 30%, 50% and 70% of maximum voluntary handgrip contraction groups. Participants performed a modified Stroop task before and after completion of an isometric handgrip endurance trial at their assigned exercise intensity. Ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) and forearm muscle activation (EMG) showed linear trends of progressively greater RPE and muscle activation at greater exercise intensity levels. Regression analysis showed significant (P < .05) linear degradations in frequency of errors on the Stroop task with increasing exercise intensity. We conclude that performing isometric exercise until exhaustion is associated with reduced cognitive performance and that higher intensity isometric exercise leads to greater performance impairments in a linear dose–response manner.  相似文献   

19.
通过高速摄影、表面肌电图（sEMG）测量以及等速肌力测试等方法对12名体育专业男生进行研究，获取踝关节主要屈伸肌（胫骨前肌和腓肠肌）等速肌力与sEMG之间的关系，以此说明用sEMG来直接评价肌肉用力情况时需进行标准化的必要性及最佳标准化方式。结果表明：相同肌肉收缩过程中，肌力矩值与平均振幅（MA）的变化趋势呈现高度相关，相关系数r在0.6以上；不同收缩形式、不同收缩速度下，均方根振幅（RMS）、积分肌电（iEMG）值会随着收缩速度的增加而减小；跳深动作下肢肌肉sEMG标准化后的值与跳深腾起速度之间均有一定的相关性，标准化后以最大随意等长收缩（MVIC）的标准化值与跳深腾起速度的相关性最高。  相似文献   

20.
等长负荷诱发肱二头肌疲劳过程中sEMG信号变化   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  
扬丹 《体育与科学》2000,21(5):27-28,35
本研究比较了等长负荷诱发肱二头肌疲劳过程中正MG信号时域和频域指标变化的特异性、有效性和可靠性。研究发现：(1)频域指标在肌肉疲劳过程中均呈明显的直线递减型变化,而时域指标的变化则有较大的变异;(2)频域指标时间序列曲线的斜率不受受试者皮下脂肪厚度和肢体围度的影响,而时域指标则易受影响;(3)频域指标时间序列曲线的斜率与负荷持续时间明显相关,而时域指标的相关不明显。研究结果表明sEMG频域指标反映肌肉疲劳的效果优于时域指标。  相似文献   

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