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1.
In order to investigate the relation between reading accuracy and speech processing, 20 children from grades 2 and 3 who were
skilled in reading were compared with 20 less skilled readers on a speech perception and production task. The two groups of
readers were indistinguishable in their production of the two-syllable words dippy, deepy, tippy, and teepy and in their perception
of the stop consonants /d/ versus /t/. Less skilled readers were significantly less accurate than the skilled readers in a
vowel identification task involving the lax and tense high vowels /i/ and /i/. The error pattern for vowel identification was similar across groups, with both groups making fewer errors when
short and longer segments were alternated. The results imply that vowel phonemes are less securely represented in the perceptual
system of less skilled readers than are consonant phonemes. In addition, the results raise the possibility that a selective
perceptual impairment underlies at least some of the phonemic awareness problems that have been associated with poor reading. 相似文献
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Gesa Schaadt Annika Werwach Hellmuth Obrig Angela D. Friederici Claudia Männel 《Child development》2023,94(3):e166-e180
Consonants and vowels differentially contribute to lexical acquisition. From 8 months on, infants' preferential reliance on consonants has been shown to predict their lexical outcome. Here, the predictive value of German-learning infants' (n = 58, 29 girls, 29 boys) trajectories of consonant and vowel perception, indicated by the electrophysiological mismatch response, across 2, 6, and 10 months for later lexical acquisition was studied. The consonant-perception trajectory from 2 to 6 months (β = −2.95) and 6 to 10 months (β = −.91), but not the vowel-perception trajectory, significantly predicted receptive vocabulary at 12 months. These results reveal an earlier predictive value of consonant perception for word learning than previously found, and a particular role of the longitudinal maturation of this skill in lexical acquisition. 相似文献
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语音变化有规律,也有例外。在上古,“你我他”韵母都属歌部,声母分属泥母、疑母、透母,所不同的是,“你”的本字“尔”,韵母带介音,“我他”韵母不带介音。到中古,按语音变化规律,“尔”变成日母支韵,“我”变成疑母歌韵,“他”变成透母歌韵,“尔”的分化字“你”却例外地变成泥母之韵。到普通话,按语音变化规律,“你”变成（ni）,“尔”变成（er）,“我”例外地变成（wp）,“他”也例外地变成（ta）。这种变化是在人们时时刻刻使用、感受与收听过程中发生的,对此,语言研究者应给予充分地关注。 相似文献
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方言的调查研究应该充分利用计算机技术。＂普方古字音对照查询系统＂以《古今字音对照手册》所录汉字为基准,建立了ACCESS数据库,并利用ASP语言设计了查询界面和查询结果显示界面。利用本系统,可以选择拼音、汉字、反切、韵摄、等呼、古声、古韵、古调、方声、方韵、方调、普声、普韵、普调等参数,通过网络进行任意或组合查询,使普、方、古之间的对比研究变得更加便捷、高效。 相似文献
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Novel Word Learning in Bilingual and Monolingual Infants: Evidence for a Bilingual Advantage 
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下载免费PDF全文 Leher Singh Charlene S. L. Fu Zhi Wen Tay Roberta Michnick Golinkoff 《Child development》2018,89(3):e183-e198
Previous studies revealing that monolingual and bilingual infants learn similar sounding words with comparable success are largely based on prior investigations involving single‐feature changes in the onset consonant of a word. There have been no investigations of bilingual infants' abilities to learn similar sounding words differentiated by vowels. In the current study, 18‐month‐old bilingual and monolingual infants (n = 90) were compared on their sensitivity to a vowel change when learning the meanings of words. Bilingual infants learned similar sounding words differing by a vowel contrast, whereas monolingual English‐ and Mandarin‐learning infants did not. Findings are discussed in terms of early constraints on novel word learning in bilingual and monolingual infants. 相似文献
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Patrick Snellings Aryan van der Leij Henk Blok Peter F. de Jong 《Annals of dyslexia》2010,60(2):151-174
This study investigated the role of speech perception accuracy and speed in fluent word decoding of reading disabled (RD)
children. A same-different phoneme discrimination task with natural speech tested the perception of single consonants and
consonant clusters by young but persistent RD children. RD children were slower than chronological age (CA) controls in recognizing
identical sounds, suggesting less distinct phonemic categories. In addition, after controlling for phonetic similarity Tallal’s
(Brain Lang 9:182–198, 1980) fast transitions account of RD children’s speech perception problems was contrasted with Studdert-Kennedy’s (Read Writ Interdiscip
J 15:5–14, 2002) similarity explanation. Results showed no specific RD deficit in perceiving fast transitions. Both phonetic similarity and
fast transitions influenced accurate speech perception for RD children as well as CA controls. 相似文献
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Previous research has suggested that children in the early grades of primary school do not have much awareness of morphemes.
In this study, a priming paradigm was used to try to detect early signs of morphological representation of stems through a
spelling task presented to Portuguese children (N = 805; age range 6–9 years). Primes shared the stem with the targets and contained well-articulated, stressed vowels; the
stems of the target words and pseudo-words contained non-stressed schwa vowels, which typically result in spelling difficulties.
If priming proved effective, the well-articulated vowels in the prime should result in an improvement in the spelling of the
schwa vowels. Primes were presented in two conditions: in only-oral or in oral-plus-written form. Effectiveness of priming
was assessed by comparison with a no-priming condition. For both words and pseudowords, there was a significant interaction
between priming effects and grade. No priming effects were detected in 6- and 7-year-old children; oral-plus-written priming
produced higher rates of correct vowel spelling for 8- and 9-year-olds; only-oral priming was effective in improving the vowel
spelling of 9-year-olds. Thus older children can use morphological information under priming conditions when the prime and
the target are not phonologically transparent but there is no evidence to suggest that younger children do so. 相似文献
11.
Previous research suggests that people encode gender starting in childhood. The present research asked whether gender diverse children (i.e., children whose gender identity or expression differs from that expected based on assigned sex) encode gender. Results showed that 3- to 5-year-old gender diverse participants (N = 71), siblings of gender diverse children (N = 52), and gender conforming controls (N = 69) did not significantly differ in degree of gender encoding. These results converge with prior research to suggest that gender diverse children process gender in ways that do not differ from gender conforming children, and provide further evidence that gender encoding may be a common aspect of person perception in societies that support a binary view of gender. 相似文献
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Speed, accuracy, and types of errors in decoding lists of words and pseudo words and performance in two phonemic awareness tasks were assessed for German and American children in the first and second grades. German children were significantly better than American children only in pseudo word decoding measures across grades. Between group analyses showed that American children committed more vowel and word substitution errors in both decoding accuracy tasks than German children. Word substitution errors were more likely in word decoding than in pseudo word decoding for children in both languages. Within group analyses indicate that variance in decoding errors and speed accounted for by word substitution versus nonword and vowel versus consonant errors differed dependent on grade and whether real or pseudo words were read. Results suggest successful reading in English depends upon more complex grapheme to phoneme correspondence rules than does reading in German. 相似文献
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Hanna Schleihauf Esther Herrmann Julia Fischer Jan M. Engelmann 《Child development》2022,93(4):1072-1089
We investigate how the ability to respond appropriately to reasons provided in discourse develops in young children. In Study 1 (N = 58, Germany, 26 girls), 4- and 5-, but not 3-year-old children, differentiated good from bad reasons. In Study 2 (N = 131, Germany, 64 girls), 4- and 5-year-old children considered both the strength of evidence for their initial belief and the quality of socially provided reasons for an alternative view when deciding whether to change their minds. Study 3 (N = 80, the United States, 42 girls, preregistered) shows that 4- and 5-year-old children also consider meta-reasons (reasons about reasons) in their belief revision. These results suggest that by age 4, children possess key critical thinking capacities for participating in public discourse. 相似文献
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《潮语十五音》音系与《广韵》音系比较研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
陈伟达 《福建师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2008,(5)
本文对《潮语十五音》与《广韵》的音系进行了深入的比较研究。首先,我们将《潮语十五音》所收例字与《广韵》进行逐一对比,按唇音、舌音、齿音、牙音、;喉音的顺序对比了《广韵》的声母与《潮语十五音》声母。其次,对比了《广韵》与《潮语十五音》韵母系统,并重点考察了不同发音部位的声母对韵母演变所产生的影响。最后,总结了二者声调系统的异同。通过与《广韵》的对比,明确了《潮语十五音》语音系统中声、韵、调各要素的来源,为确定《潮语十五音》的音系性质、深入研究该韵书准备充分的证据与材料。 相似文献
15.
Elizabeth E. O’Neal Shiwen Zhou Yuanyuan Jiang Joseph K. Kearney Jodie M. Plumert 《Child development》2021,92(2):e173-e185
This investigation examined parental scaffolding of children’s prospective control over decisions and actions during a joint perception-action task. Parents and their 6-, 8-, 10-, and 12-year-old children (N = 128) repeatedly crossed a virtual roadway together. Guidance and control shifted from the parent to the child with increases in child age. Parents more often chose the gap that was crossed and prospectively communicated the gap choice with younger than older children. Greater use of an anticipatory gap selection strategy by parents predicted more precise timing of entry into the gap by children. This work suggests that social interaction may serve as an important experiential mechanism for the development of prospective control over decisions and actions in the perception–action domain. 相似文献
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山西晋语入声舒化情况分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
孙玉卿 《山西师大学报(社会科学版)》2005,32(4):105-108
晋语长期处在强势官话方言的包围之中,受官话方言的影响,晋语一直处在入声舒化的演变过程中,北部尤为明显。本文主要分析山西境内晋语入声舒化的情况,分别选取了6个方言点作代表,从韵摄、声母的清浊和调类三个方面,对这些字的入声舒化现象作了较全面的分析,从中得出这样的结论:山西晋语入声舒化是整个语音系统的一种渐变过程。渐变的方式有两种,一种是大同式;一种是左权式。 相似文献
17.
The authors' aim was to analyze the relationship of eye movements, auditory perception, and phonemic awareness with the reading process. The instruments used were the King-Devick Test (saccade eye movements), the PAF test (auditory perception), the PFC (phonemic awareness), the PROLEC-R (lexical process), the Canals reading speed test, and the ACL-1 (reading comprehension). The sample was composed of 52 first-year primary school pupils. After the correlational analysis, results indicate that all of these factors correlate in reading (lexical process, speed, and word comprehension). Moreover, the nonparametric Mann-Whitney U test reveals that children with saccade eye movements and auditory perception problems obtain lower reading levels. In addition, children with lexical problems obtain a lower level of phonemic awareness. Given the importance of these variables, the authors conclude with a proposal of neuropsychological activities to improve reading skills. 相似文献
18.
Carlos J. Álvarez Marcus Taft Juan A. Hernández-Cabrera 《Scientific Studies of Reading》2017,21(2):99-108
A word-spotting task is used in Spanish to test the way in which polysyllabic letter-strings are parsed in this language. Monosyllabic words (e.g., bar) embedded at the beginning of a pseudoword were immediately followed by either a coda-forming consonant (e.g., barto) or a vowel (e.g., baros). In the former case, the embedded word corresponds to the first spoken syllable, whereas it cuts across the syllable boundary in the latter case. Unlike a previous study in English using the same methodology (Taft & Álvarez, 2014), the embedded word was found to be easier to detect when followed by a consonant than a vowel, at least for low-frequency words. It was concluded that phonological recoding is more important in the parsing of Spanish words than English words, where maximization of the coda dominates instead. 相似文献
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Growth of word reading skills was examined in first and second year Italian school children by analysis of the pattern of
reading errors. The study was designed to investigate the role of visual vs phonological similarities as causes of misreadings
in a transparent orthography. The selection of reading material was tailored to permit a meaningful cross-language comparison
with pre-existing findings on English-speaking children. The results showed that, in Italian as in English, spatially-related
errors (such as confusingb andd) constituted a minor proportion of the total errors. Errors on vowel and consonant letters that are not spatially confusable
accounted for the greater proportion of the total. Moreover, the co-occurrence of spatial and phonological confusability resulted
in appreciably more errors than when either occurred without the other. Vowel position in the syllable had no systematic effect
on errors. In beginning readers of Italian, consonant errors outnumbered vowel errors by a wide margin; the reverse pattern
was found in previous studies on English-speaking children at the same level of schooling. It is proposed that differences
between Italian and English in the phonological structure of the lexicon and in the consistency of grapheme-phoneme correspondences
account in large part for the differences in quantity and distribution of the errors. 相似文献
20.
The utility of Chinese tone processing skill in detecting children with English reading disabilities
The utility of Chinese tone processing skill in detecting children with English reading difficulties was examined through differences in a Chinese tone experimental task between a group of native English‐speaking children with reading disabilities (RD) and a comparison group of children with normal reading development (NRD). General auditory processing, English phonemic processing and English reading skills were also tested. We found differences between groups in Chinese tone processing skill, as well as general auditory processing and English phonemic skills. The RD group was significantly poorer than NRD on tasks of Chinese tone, phonemic and frequency modulated (FM) tone processing. Another finding was a different pattern of relationship between RD and NRD groups in Chinese tone, phonemic and FM tone processing as predictors of reading skills. For children with RD, FM tone processing was a significant predictor of pseudoword reading; for NRD, phonemic and Chinese tone processing skills predicted real word reading. These findings contribute to improved understanding of the roles of general auditory processing and phonological processing skills in RD, with implications for assessment and intervention with children who have English reading difficulties. 相似文献