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1.
Exploratory search is a type of information seeking used by searchers who are either unfamiliar with the domain of their goal, are unsure about the ways to achieve their goals or uncertain about their goals in the first place. We present a method that utilizes interactional context and personality information in order to proactively prompt users to undertake actions for improving exploratory search and its outcome. Our approach is based on inferring exploration patterns based on the logged past behavior of users in order to produce models of behavior, which in turn are used to predict the next action in the current context. The user is classified into specific groups of users that share personality traits for which we have analyzed their search behaviors. At the same time, we assume that the users who belong within the same group show similar exploration tactics to reach their goal such as the sequence of actions performed. Having the models, we show how we can predict the next interaction of the user given a specific sequence of actions of the current session. In this way, we assist users in their exploration process and act proactively by providing meaningful recommendations and prompts towards possibly undiscovered facets of the topic under investigation.  相似文献   

2.
Search engine optimization allows for users’ needs to be directly met by result snippets or a “knowledge map” without clicking any results. This behavior is called “good abandonment” and is found to frequently occur during mobile searching. Users exhibit such a behavior when they trust the result that addresses their information need without bothering to click it. Therefore, this study examines how users judge a result's credibility without clicking. This study proposes a model for assessing the credibility of good abandonment results, making a hypothesis about the measures that may affect credibility assessments in mobile searches. A credibility assessment experiment was conducted to collect users’ eye movements, perceived credibility and feedback on different credibility measures. Users’ search behaviors were recorded by a screen recorder, in order to see whether a search was good abandonment. Then the initially proposed model was validated in terms of users’ perceived credibility, search behaviors and feedback, and further improved. The revised model found that the credibility assessment of good abandonment results in mobile searching is determined by six credibility measures distributed across three aspects of content, operator and design. Content-related measures show that users tend to believe the results if there is detailed and updated context information and the content is neutral. Operator-related measures indicate the impact of trust in the search engine on the credibility assessment. Design-related measures indicate that users tend to trust results with interactive functions and optimal layouts. How each of the six measures influence users’ assessment of credibility is discussed in this paper.  相似文献   

3.
Information need is one of the most fundamental aspects of information seeking, which traditionally conceptualizes as the initiation phase of an individual’s information seeking behavior. However, the very elusive and inexpressible nature of information need makes it hard to elicit from the information seeker or to extract through an automated process. One approach to understanding how a person realizes and expresses information need is to observe their seeking behaviors, to engage processes with information retrieval systems, and to focus on situated performative actions. Using Dervin’s Sense-Making theory and conceptualization of information need based on existing studies, the work reported here tries to understand and explore the concept of information need from a fresh methodological perspective by examining users’ perceived barriers and desired helps in different stages of information search episodes through the analyses of various implicit and explicit user search behaviors. In a controlled lab study, each participant performed three simulated online information search tasks. Participants’ implicit behaviors were collected through search logs, and explicit feedback was elicited through pre-task and post-task questionnaires. A total of 208 query segments were logged, along with users’ annotations on perceived problems and help. Data collected from the study was analyzed by applying both quantitative and qualitative methods. The findings identified several behaviors – such as the number of bookmarks, query length, number of the unique queries, time spent on search results observed in the previous segment, the current segment, and throughout the session – strongly associated with participants’ perceived barriers and help needed. The findings also showed that it is possible to build accurate predictive models to infer perceived problems of articulation of queries, useless and irrelevant information, and unavailability of information from users’ previous segment, current segment, and whole session behaviors. The findings also demonstrated that by combining perceived problem(s) and search behavioral features, it was possible to infer users’ needed help(s) in search with a certain level of accuracy (78%).  相似文献   

4.
Pre-adoption expectations often serve as an implicit reference point in users’ evaluation of information systems and are closely associated with their goals of interactions, behaviors, and overall satisfaction. Despite the empirically confirmed impacts, users’ search expectations and their connections to tasks, users, search experiences, and behaviors have been scarcely studied in the context of online information search. To address the gap, we collected 116 sessions from 60 participants in a controlled-lab Web search study and gathered direct feedback on their in-situ expected information gains (e.g., number of useful pages) and expected search efforts (e.g., clicks and dwell time) under each query during search sessions. Our study aims to examine (1) how users’ pre-search experience, task characteristics, and in-session experience affect their current expectations and (2) how user expectations are correlated with search behaviors and satisfaction. Our results with both quantitative and qualitative evidence demonstrate that: (1) user expectation is significantly affected by task characteristics, previous and in-situ search experience; (2) user expectation is closely associated with users’ browsing behaviors and search satisfaction. The knowledge learned about user expectation advances our understanding of users’ search behavioral patterns and their evaluations of interaction experience and will also facilitate the design, implementation, and evaluation of expectation-aware user models, metrics, and information retrieval (IR) systems.  相似文献   

5.
Elicitation is a communicative act to request information during a dialogue, which reflects the questioner’s problems at hand, perplexity, interests, or perhaps internal concerns, either voluntarily or unintentionally. A patron with an information need or a problem at hand approaches the retrieval system to ask their first question. However, many more communicative acts requesting information occur during the retrieval interaction. Elicitation during retrieval interaction, as distinct from the patron’s first search question, is termed micro-level information seeking (MLIS). What features does MLIS possess? And is MLIS predictable? These are salient research issues because if a patron’s MLIS is explainable and predictable, it is advantageous for the intermediary, be it human or an intelligent agent, to form a dynamic user model by taking the patron’s MLIS into account to provide better information retrieval support. This study explores the following research questions: (1) What are the purposes of patron elicitations? (2) When does the patron’s elicitation tend to occur? (3) Do patron elicitations differ from intermediary elicitations in terms of frequency of occurrence and time frame? (4) Does patron elicitation behavior relate to contextual variables, such as gender, age, status, knowledge, prior online search experience, individual intermediaries interacted with, or length of interaction? Qualitative and quantitative approaches including discourse analysis, content analysis and statistical analysis are applied. The major research findings include: (1) patrons’ and intermediaries’ elicitation behaviors differ in terms of frequency and time frame, supporting the prior assumption that intermediary elicitation is pre-planned and patron elicitation is situational; (2) patron’s perplexity is situational, being in most cases “search-assignment related”; and (3) patrons’ elicitation behavior is significantly related to their contextual variables. The study suggests dynamic user modeling to take account of the patron’s MLIS.  相似文献   

6.
Integrating useful input information is essential to provide efficient recommendations to users. In this work, we focus on improving items ratings prediction by merging both multiple contexts and multiple criteria based research directions which were addressed separately in most existent literature. Throughout this article, Criteria refer to the items attributes, while Context denotes the circumstances in which the user uses an item. Our goal is to capture more fine grained preferences to improve items recommendation quality using users’ multiple criteria ratings under specific contextual situations. Therefore, we examine the recommenders’ data from the graph theory based perspective by representing three types of entities (users, contextual situations and criteria) as well as their relationships as a tripartite graph. Upon the assumption that contextually similar users tend to have similar interests for similar item criteria, we perform a high-order co-clustering on the tripartite graph for simultaneously partitioning the graph entities representing users in similar contextual situations and their evaluated item criteria. To predict cluster-based multi-criteria ratings, we introduce an improved rating prediction method that considers the dependency between users and their contextual situations, and also takes into account the correlation between criteria in the prediction process. The predicted multi-criteria ratings are finally aggregated into a single representative output corresponding to an overall item rating. To guide our investigation, we create a research hypothesis to provide insights about the tripartite graph partitioning and design clear and justified preliminary experiments including quantitative and qualitative analyzes to validate it. Further thorough experiments on the two available context-aware multi-criteria datasets, TripAdvisor and Educational, demonstrate that our proposal exhibits substantial improvements over alternative recommendations approaches.  相似文献   

7.
In this paper, we use time series analysis to evaluate predictive scenarios using search engine transactional logs. Our goal is to develop models for the analysis of searchers’ behaviors over time and investigate if time series analysis is a valid method for predicting relationships between searcher actions. Time series analysis is a method often used to understand the underlying characteristics of temporal data in order to make forecasts. In this study, we used a Web search engine transactional log and time series analysis to investigate users’ actions. We conducted our analysis in two phases. In the initial phase, we employed a basic analysis and found that 10% of searchers clicked on sponsored links. However, from 22:00 to 24:00, searchers almost exclusively clicked on the organic links, with almost no clicks on sponsored links. In the second and more extensive phase, we used a one-step prediction time series analysis method along with a transfer function method. The period rarely affects navigational and transactional queries, while rates for transactional queries vary during different periods. Our results show that the average length of a searcher session is approximately 2.9 interactions and that this average is consistent across time periods. Most importantly, our findings shows that searchers who submit the shortest queries (i.e., in number of terms) click on highest ranked results. We discuss implications, including predictive value, and future research.  相似文献   

8.
Search engine researchers typically depict search as the solitary activity of an individual searcher. In contrast, results from our critical-incident survey of 150 users on Amazon’s Mechanical Turk service suggest that social interactions play an important role throughout the search process. A second survey of also 150 users, focused instead on difficulties encountered during searches, suggests similar conclusions. These social interactions range from highly coordinated collaborations with shared goals to loosely coordinated collaborations in which only advice is sought. Our main contribution is that we have integrated models from previous work in sensemaking and information-seeking behavior to present a canonical social model of user activities before, during, and after a search episode, suggesting where in the search process both explicitly and implicitly shared information may be valuable to individual searchers.  相似文献   

9.
The analysis of contextual information in search engine query logs enhances the understanding of Web users’ search patterns. Obtaining contextual information on Web search engine logs is a difficult task, since users submit few number of queries, and search multiple topics. Identification of topic changes within a search session is an important branch of search engine user behavior analysis. The purpose of this study is to investigate the properties of a specific topic identification methodology in detail, and to test its validity. The topic identification algorithm’s performance becomes doubtful in various cases. These cases are explored and the reasons underlying the inconsistent performance of automatic topic identification are investigated with statistical analysis and experimental design techniques.  相似文献   

10.
The Web and especially major Web search engines are essential tools in the quest to locate online information for many people. This paper reports results from research that examines characteristics and changes in Web searching from nine studies of five Web search engines based in the US and Europe. We compare interactions occurring between users and Web search engines from the perspectives of session length, query length, query complexity, and content viewed among the Web search engines. The results of our research shows (1) users are viewing fewer result pages, (2) searchers on US-based Web search engines use more query operators than searchers on European-based search engines, (3) there are statistically significant differences in the use of Boolean operators and result pages viewed, and (4) one cannot necessary apply results from studies of one particular Web search engine to another Web search engine. The wide spread use of Web search engines, employment of simple queries, and decreased viewing of result pages may have resulted from algorithmic enhancements by Web search engine companies. We discuss the implications of the findings for the development of Web search engines and design of online content.  相似文献   

11.
A critical challenge for Web search engines concerns how they present relevant results to searchers. The traditional approach is to produce a ranked list of results with title and summary (snippet) information, and these snippets are usually chosen based on the current query. Snippets play a vital sensemaking role, helping searchers to efficiently make sense of a collection of search results, as well as determine the likely relevance of individual results. Recently researchers have begun to explore how snippets might also be adapted based on searcher preferences as a way to better highlight relevant results to the searcher. In this paper we focus on the role of snippets in collaborative web search and describe a technique for summarizing search results that harnesses the collaborative search behaviour of communities of like-minded searchers to produce snippets that are more focused on the preferences of the searchers. We go on to show how this so-called social summarization technique can generate summaries that are significantly better adapted to searcher preferences and describe a novel personalized search interface that combines result recommendation with social summarization.  相似文献   

12.
【目的/意义】针对现有用户在线健康信息搜寻行为的实证研究中存在的结果不一致现象,对该领域相关 研究进行梳理验证,旨在明确影响用户在线健康信息搜寻行为的真正因素以及关键调节变量,揭示用户在线健康 信息搜寻行为产生的直接原因,为完善用户在线健康信息搜寻行为理论体系及相关领域的后续研究提供借鉴。【方 法/过程】选取 25篇符合标准的中外文献进行元分析,探究影响因素及其影响程度,从国内外研究情境、用户的社 会属性与健康状况三个维度探讨影响因素与在线健康信息搜寻行为间的调节效应。【结果/结论】结果表明,10个因 素对用户在线健康信息搜寻行为有显著正向影响,其中信息质量的影响强度最高,感知风险、信任、自我效能及感 知有用性对在线健康信息搜寻行为的影响强度较弱,同时验证了国内外研究情境、用户的社会属性与健康状况对 在线健康信息搜寻行为具有调节作用。【创新/局限】本文采用元分析方法,通过对前人研究结果的再分析,得到更 加精准的研究结论,是对在线健康信息搜寻领域现有研究的有力补充。但对元分析方法的应用还较为单一,未涉 及各影响因素间的关系,有待后续进一步研究。  相似文献   

13.
The object of the experiment described in this paper was to assess the value of information for individual searchers in a realistic search environment. An additive linear function, which combined the ratings of information features provided by searchers, was used to model how humans value information. Twenty Industrial Engineering graduate students and faculty, who were attempting to satisfy a genuine information need by searching a data base of technical literature on Operations Research, served as experimental subjects. Included in the data analysis are a comparison of two alternative retrieval methods, an evaluation of how well humans are able to estimate the relevance of a document from the document's features, and an investigation of the value function components (features and coefficients) and functional form.  相似文献   

14.
Web searchers commonly have difficulties crafting queries to fulfill their information needs; even after they are able to craft a query, they often find it challenging to evaluate the results of their Web searches. Sources of these problems include the lack of support for constructing and refining queries, and the static nature of the list-based representations of Web search results. WordBars has been developed to assist users in their Web search and exploration tasks. This system provides a visual representation of the frequencies of the terms found in the first 100 document surrogates returned from an initial query, in the form of a histogram. Exploration of the search results is supported through term selection in the histogram, resulting in a re-sorting of the search results based on the use of the selected terms in the document surrogates. Terms from the histogram can be easily added or removed from the query, generating a new set of search results. Examples illustrate how WordBars can provide valuable support for query refinement and search results exploration, both when vague and specific initial queries are provided. User evaluations with both expert and intermediate Web searchers illustrate the benefits of the interactive exploration features of WordBars in terms of effectiveness as well as subjective measures. Although differences were found in the demographics of these two user groups, both were able to benefit from the features of WordBars.  相似文献   

15.
Organizations face significant challenges in capturing value from their investments in strategic information systems such as enterprise systems (ES). Managers are a powerful source of influence shaping the post-adoption attitudes and behaviors of users and the success of ES. However, the extant IS literature has focused primarily on the role of top management and theoretical explanations of the role of supervisors in fostering continuing usage of ES are lacking. Drawing on transformational leadership theory and the IS continuance (ISC) model, this paper conceptualizes a theoretical model differentiating the influence mechanisms through which different types of leadership behaviors influence the success of ES. Data collected from 192 users of ES confirms our theorization. We find that transformational leadership behaviors of supervisors influence users’ evaluations of satisfaction and perceived usefulness, while their transactional leadership behaviors influence users’ ES continuance intention by moderating the effects of user satisfaction and perceived usefulness on ES continuance intention. This study advances research on the role of leadership behaviors of supervisors in capturing value from enterprise systems. The research also contributes to practice by suggesting effective strategies for promoting continued usage of mission critical systems such as enterprise systems and delivering value from firms’ IT investments.  相似文献   

16.
Interactive query expansion (IQE) (c.f. [Efthimiadis, E. N. (1996). Query expansion. Annual Review of Information Systems and Technology, 31, 121–187]) is a potentially useful technique to help searchers formulate improved query statements, and ultimately retrieve better search results. However, IQE is seldom used in operational settings. Two possible explanations for this are that IQE is generally not integrated into searchers’ established information-seeking behaviors (e.g., examining lists of documents), and it may not be offered at a time in the search when it is needed most (i.e., during the initial query formulation). These challenges can be addressed by coupling IQE more closely with familiar search activities, rather than as a separate functionality that searchers must learn. In this article we introduce and evaluate a variant of IQE known as Real-Time Query Expansion (RTQE). As a searcher enters their query in a text box at the interface, RTQE provides a list of suggested additional query terms, in effect offering query expansion options while the query is formulated. To investigate how the technique is used – and when it may be useful – we conducted a user study comparing three search interfaces: a baseline interface with no query expansion support; an interface that provides expansion options during query entry, and a third interface that provides options after queries have been submitted to a search system. The results show that offering RTQE leads to better quality initial queries, more engagement in the search, and an increase in the uptake of query expansion. However, the results also imply that care must be taken when implementing RTQE interactively. Our findings have broad implications for how IQE should be offered, and form part of our research on the development of techniques to support the increased use of query expansion.  相似文献   

17.
This study examines the effects of the search interface and Boolean logic training on user search performance and satisfaction. We compared the use of an assisted search tool to that of a simple search interface like those typically found at commercial search engine sites. We found that the assisted search tool had a significant positive effect on performance, satisfaction, and confidence. Promoting the use of advanced search features is therefore in the best interest of both Web search providers and users. In the absence of an assisted interface, a simple interface coupled with Boolean logic training was also an effective means for improving user performance. Given that most searchers choose to use the simple search box, it is important to provide them with applicable training to promote the effective use of the search tool. Interestingly, coupling the assisted interface with Boolean training was no more effective than either treatment alone.  相似文献   

18.
Search engines are essential for finding information on the World Wide Web. We conducted a study to see how effective eight search engines are. Expert searchers sought information on the Web for users who had legitimate needs for information, and these users assessed the relevance of the information retrieved. We calculated traditional information retrieval measures of recall and precision at varying numbers of retrieved documents and used these as the bases for statistical comparisons of retrieval effectiveness among the eight search engines. We also calculated the likelihood that a document retrieved by one search engine was retrieved by other search engines as well.  相似文献   

19.
吴琼  张玥 《情报理论与实践》2020,43(4):108-114,185
[目的/意义]在游戏化学习应用取得有效进展的背景下,如何通过游戏化设计,加强社会化阅读用户对阅读这一认知活动的投入,以实现个人和集体目标,对培育社会化阅读用户的阅读素养具有重要研究意义。[方法/过程]基于元认知理论中的元认知知识、元认知体验和元认知技能3个要素,分析社会化阅读模式对阅读素养提出的新要求。基于此结合游戏化设计理念与功能,探索社会化阅读情境下游戏化元素的引入,引导用户利用元认知要素对社会化阅读行为进行计划、监测和调整,从而提升社会化阅读素养。[结果/结论]构建了一个面向社会化阅读素养培育的游戏化框架,为社会化阅读平台的游戏化设计提供了参考和建议。[局限]研究尚处于理论框架构建阶段,后续可以通过调查、实验等方法对模型进行检验和调整。  相似文献   

20.
Research on collaborative information retrieval (CIR) has shown positive impacts of collaboration on retrieval effectiveness in the case of complex and/or exploratory tasks. The synergic effect of accomplishing something greater than the sum of its individual components is reached through the gathering of collaborators’ complementary skills. However, these approaches often lack the consideration that collaborators might refine their skills and actions throughout the search session, and that a flexible system mediation guided by collaborators’ behaviors should dynamically adapt to this situation in order to optimize search effectiveness. In this article, we propose a new unsupervised collaborative ranking algorithm which leverages collaborators’ actions for (1) mining their latent roles in order to extract their complementary search behaviors; and (2) ranking documents with respect to the latent role of collaborators. Experiments using two user studies with respectively 25 and 10 pairs of collaborators demonstrate the benefit of such an unsupervised method driven by collaborators’ behaviors throughout the search session. Also, a qualitative analysis of the identified latent role is proposed to explain an over-learning noticed in one of the datasets.  相似文献   

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