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从中国的传统文化来说，有一个重要的老问题。一个人为什么要读书？传统最正确的答案，便是“读书明理”四个字。明个什么理呢？是先要明白做人的道理。人生来就是人，个个自然会做人，哪里还要有什么另外一种做人的道理呢？不错，人本来就是人，原始也和世界上一切“灵长”的生物差不多。但人类的老祖先，尤其是我们中华民族的老祖先，早在五千年前，就开始建立了一套文化，教育我们后代子孙怎样才能懂得“人伦”的基本道理，然后才扩充到怎样去为“生活”，怎样好好地“生存”在这个世界上，完全不同于一切“灵长”生物一样的原始状态。当然，其中还包括了“科学”的、“哲学”的、“宗教”的、“艺术”的等等文明。 相似文献
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“非典”成为2003年流行词语之一，我国古代虽然没有“非典”，但各种传染性疾病却经常骚扰我们的先民。在长期与“疫病”斗争的过程中，古人积累了许多宝贵的经验，其中既有科学防治的手段，也有充满神秘色彩的巫术。 相似文献
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李安有一部片子叫《饮食男女》，的确，饮食和世界上的男女息息相关，可以反映人与人之间相处模式和状态，更是不同化的一种表现形式。如果用一个抽象的形容词来形容东西方的差异，那么大致可以这样说，东方是“热”的，而西方是“冷”的。[第一段] 相似文献
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汉语中的“若”字大致有十三四种词义,主要有选择、顺从、如此、好象等义。从《说文》：“若,择菜也”分析,“选择”是其初意。但在一些殷周金文及早期古文献里出现的“若”字,无论用上述哪一种词义解释,都很牵强。如果我们观察甲骨文、金文中的“若”字,此种解释也是值得商榷的。本文拟对早期汉语中的“若”字初意作一探索,恳请指正。一、“若”最初之意是为了探听神意进行祈祷的活动,或者仪式,“若”与神或上天有关汉字不仅是古代语言的形象化,具有同时性、同质性,而且它的文字体系是把创立文字以前的传承原封不动的集约在字形中。有时神话式的传说也被原封不动的字形化,如早骨文中般始祖王亥便是以鸟形神话的形式来表示的。“若”字在甲骨文作“(?)”形,似一长发者跪在地上,仰望上天,双手举起,作祈求状。会文增口伦“(?)”形。品字在甲骨文、金文作“(?)”形,日本学者白川静认为“(?)”即载书的器具,代表祷词或祈祷文,这是为了探听神意进行祈祷的文字。商周的宗教形式主要表现为巫教,信仰的最高神是上帝。上帝又有帝、天、皇天、吴天等种种称呼,上帝是主宰天国和人间的至高无上的宇宙大神,日月星辰,风雨雷电,水旱丰 相似文献
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数字绝不仅仅是一种枯燥的运算符号，在不同的国度，数字往往被赋予了强烈的感情色彩，具有丰富的民俗学内涵。“3”在美国化中不是唯一的具有丰富化内涵数字，但“3”在美国化中分布得十分广泛，这是其他9个数字所不能比拟的。 相似文献
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《中庸》第一章是整篇文章的核心和重点,提出了“天”、“性”、“道”、“教”、“慎独”、“中和”等概念。文曰：“天命之谓性,率性之谓道,修道之谓教。道也者,不可须臾离也,可离非道也。是故君子戒慎乎其所不睹,恐惧乎其所不闻。莫见乎隐,莫显乎微。故君子慎其独也。喜怨哀乐之未发,谓之中;发而皆中节,谓之和。中也者,天下之大本也。和也者,天下之达道也。致中和,天地位焉,万物育焉。”也就是说,文章的题名虽为“中庸”,但是总起性的段落中却没有提到中庸,而提出了“中和”这一概念,子思为什么提出中和这个概念,中和与中庸的关系为何,自然引起解读《中庸》者的关注。下面我们从三个方面探讨朱熹关于中庸与中和关系的解析。 相似文献
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On June 28, 2007, approved by the 31st World Heritage Committee held inChristchurch, New Zealand, Kaiping Diaolou and villages were inscribed in the World Heritage List and became the 35th world heritage in China. They were also the first Chinese world heritage that reflects the culture of overseas Chinese. In fact, as early as June 25, 2001, 相似文献
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Bernard Hamilton 《Al-Masaq: Islam & the Medieval Mediterranean》2011,23(2):117-124
Partly because the First Crusade had weakened the Seljuk Sultanate in 1097–1099, David III of Georgia was able to extend his power over much of the Caucasus. The rulers of the Crusader States who stood in need of Eastern Christian allies sought to co-operate with him. Yet although some Western knights served in his army, the practical difficulties of co-ordinating joint action against the Islamic powers of north Syria and Anatolia in the twelfth century proved insuperable. In the thirteenth century the Georgian crown offered an alliance to the leaders of the Fifth Crusade: their forces would attack the northern provinces of the Ayyūbid Empire while the crusaders were invading Egypt. This strategy was sound, but the rise of the Mongol Empire prevented it from being implemented. Nevertheless, the desire for military collaboration between Georgia and the Western powers persisted until the mid-fifteenth century. 相似文献
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The research in this article examines audience responses to a range of factual and reality genres. It takes as a starting point that television audiences do not experience news or documentary or reality TV in isolation but as part of a range of factual and reality programmes. Factual and reality programming includes a broad understanding of non-fictional programming on broadcast television, satellite, cable and digital television. The breakdown of factual and reality programming into specific genres includes news, current affairs, documentary, and reality programmes, with further sub genres applied within each of these categories. This article critically examines genre evaluation. The quantitative research in this article is based on two national representative surveys conducted in Britain and Sweden. In both Britain and Sweden, programme makers have moved towards a reliance on popular factual genres. In Britain this is across all channels, and in Sweden this is mainly concentrated on commercial channels. Whilst there is still a commitment to news, there is an increasing use of hybrid genres in an attempt to popularise factual output. The impact of this changing generic environment on audiences is that in both countries viewers have reacted by drawing a line between traditional and contemporary factual genres. It is precisely because of the redrawing of the factual map that viewers rely on traditional ways of evaluating genres as public and informative, or popular and entertaining. The data provides evidence that contributes to existing debate on television genre, public service broadcasting, and media literacy skills. The central argument in this article is that genre evaluation is connected with wider socio-cultural discourses on public service broadcasting and popular culture, and that these are common social and cultural values that are shared by national audiences in two Northern European countries. 相似文献
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一糕印、饼印、粿印形制各异、工艺精美,是颇为珍贵的民间艺术创作和文化创造。不仅代表着闽台两地的饮食文化,也反映两地的习俗信仰、节庆生活;同时也显现出艺术与生活结合为一体的传统风俗,在福建、台湾等地年节婚庆、敬神祭祖等传统民俗活动中都有广泛的传播。木制糕饼粿印模以雕刻的手法制作。 相似文献
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Joan L. Duda 《Int J Intercult Relat》1985,9(2):131-150
The purpose of this study was to analyze the definitions of success and failure (achievement goals) and preferred means to goal attainment (achievement orientations) among male and female Anglo and Mexican-American high school students I athletes in sport and the classroom. Based on a recent conceptualization of achievement motivation, it was assumed that definitions of success and failure could be equated to personal characteristics, behaviors, or outcomes and reflect an emphasis on either effort or ability. Further, it was assumed that there are two major achievement orientations: In one, the means to goal attainment entail social comparison; in the second, goal attainment is processed according to mastery criteria. Results revealed cultural and sex differences in athletic goals. Anglo males were more likely to define sport success in terms of ability while Anglo females and Mexican-American athletes tended to equate athletic success to the demonstration of effort. The reverse was true for sport failure—Anglo males emphasized low effort while the other groups stressed low ability. Variations in preferred achievement orientations were also revealed. For example, in the athletic setting, females showed the least preference for sport success which reflected on the individual and involved social comparison. Males indicated the least preference for individual-oriented, social comparison-based athletic failure. 相似文献