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Teachers not only need to develop a knowledge base for teaching, but also should be able to make reasoned decisions regarding
their classroom science teaching. Preservice teachers need opportunities to begin developing their pedagogical reasoning ability
as part of their undergraduate education so that science teaching in primary schools is based on sound reasoning. This paper,
using a case study methodology, reports on the initial pedagogical reasoning ability of second-year preservice primary teachers.
By completing a problem-based science education topic, these preservice teachers had the opportunity to explore all stages
in the pedagogical reasoning process. Preservice teachers initially demonstrated limited pedagogical reasoning ability, but
as a result of the framework provided in the problem-based approach, they were able to refine their reasoning ability. Through
a combination of group work and individual research, the preservice teachers were able to integrate their science knowledge,
curriculum knowledge and knowledge of learners and apply this to a peerteaching situation and in the process develop their
pedagogical reasoning skills. 相似文献
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Hauke Bartels David Geelan Christoph Kulgemeyer 《International Journal of Science Education》2013,35(14):2024-2048
ABSTRACTMeasuring teachers’ skills to carry out the complex tasks required in teaching is an important means of evaluating the effectiveness of teacher education but remains a challenging activity to conduct in practice. It is necessary to optimise approaches for usability and effectiveness along a continuum from low-effort and low-authenticity measures such as paper-and-pencil tests to high-effort, high-authenticity measures such as extended classroom observations. The first part of the paper reviews a range of efforts toward measuring the competencies of teachers and other professionals in carrying out the tasks that make up their work. These include performance tests such as computer-based simulations or simulations using actors, as well as the use of tasks requiring participation in or responses to video vignettes. Video vignette approaches typically have been less interactive than performance tests and interactivity is seen as a desirable feature. A novel framework for developing performance-oriented testing is then outlined. The second part of the paper exemplifies this framework in relation to providing explanations in physics classrooms. The development of a novel test instrument following the framework is described, and findings on construct validity are presented to support the applicability of the presented approach. 相似文献
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In teacher education programmes, written portfolios or text-based self-evaluations are generally used to document the development of student teachers’ competence. However, such approaches do no justice to the complex nature of teaching as they tend to lead to evidence in which teacher competencies are disconnected and removed from the actual teaching practice. In one postgraduate teacher education programme, video narratives were evaluated as a valid way to assess student teachers’ teaching competencies, promoting connections amongst different competencies, situating these in practice and showing their development over time. Data were gathered from self-reports of both teacher educators and student teachers as well as student teachers’ completed video narratives. Most student teachers succeeded in meeting the set criteria for the video narrative assignment with connected video clips and text frames. However, student teachers also came up with only a few video episodes and loosely connected clips, reflections and other sources. Although most of the students during the programme did explicitly reflect upon their personal development towards becoming a teacher, almost none of them explicitly connected these ideas to their long-term development. We conclude that video narratives show potential to be used as a valid assessment of student teachers’ teaching competence. Yet, structured guidance as well as ill-structured assignments are needed in framing assessment of student teachers in teacher preparation: the former to clarify the aims, format and criteria and the latter to enable student teachers to reflect on their teaching in a personally, meaningful way. 相似文献
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This article presents a synthesis of reports and research on K-12 blended teaching competencies compared with K-12 online teaching competencies. The skills needed to teach in online and blended environments are distinct from traditional teaching, but teacher education programs often do not equip preservice teachers for the new modes of instruction. Additionally, there is a dearth of research on blended teaching competencies. This review synthesizes 8 blended teaching documents and 10 online teaching documents. Seven global themes identified in both competency domains are (1) pedagogy, (2) management, (3) assessment, (4) technology, (5) instructional design, (6) dispositions, and (7) improvement. The top 20 blended teaching skills include flexibility and personalization, mastery-based learning, data usage and interpretation, learning management system usage, online discussion facilitation, and software management. The authors recommend that researchers collect more methodologically transparent data about blended teaching and that teacher education programs include the identified skills in curriculum. 相似文献
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关于医学教育中的自导学习 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了促进学习者有效适应未来发展的需要，帮助教师对自导学习(SDL)予以更多思考和关注，文章简要介绍了SDL的含义与所需的能力；重点讨论了PBL模式对SDL的支持关系，师生对SDL的认识．以及教师应在学生SDL中发挥的作用。SDL的实现是循序渐进的过程，SDL的能力通过解决问题逐步得到发展，并需要教师的必要引导。 相似文献
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Contemporary education requires teachers and school leaders who have well developed basic skills and competencies such as interpersonal communication, teamwork and leadership, in order for them to lead their students toward successful integration into society. These skills and competencies are crucial for proper functioning in modern society. Existing training programs for teachers and school leadership roles, however, have little if any dedicated guidance for developing these skills and competencies. Inclusion of basic skill development in training programs necessitates a new model that focuses on their assessment. As a first step toward the development of such a model, this study, carried out using the Delphi method, offers definition and validation of a new concept called “complementary assessment”. 相似文献
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Irina Rosa Kumschick Valentina Piwowar Diemut Ophardt Victoria Barth Katharina Krysmanski Felicitas Thiel 《Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft》2017,20(1):93-113
The following study aims to explore whether a video- and problem-based learning (PBL) environment can be improved using cognitive tools. Our hypothesis is that direct instructions in a PBL setting enhance pre-service teachers’ learning outcomes in classroom management. To answer this research question, we implemented a pre-post-design within which we assigned 237 master students to two learning environments: Classic problem-based learning (PBL), where students acquired central theoretical concepts and empirical findings on dealing with disruptions in groups (n = 113) or instructed problem-based learning (I-PBL), where students received extensive theoretical instructions (n = 124) during the first two seminar sessions. In the framework of a longitudinal self-report assessment we found that (1) teacher self-efficacy in the subscales “student engagement”, “instruction” and “classroom management competencies” increased in students of both groups. The highest increase was found in classroom management competencies. (2) In the evaluation with an objective measure students participating in the I?PBL group showed greater knowledge than students in the PBL group (multiple-choice test), and (3) regarding motivational processes students in the PBL group reported a higher degree of identification than students in the I?PBL group. 相似文献
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F. J. Veldman M. A. De Wet N. E. Ike Mokhele Willem Adriaan Johannes Bouwer 《European Journal of Engineering Education》2008,33(5-6):551-559
In this article, the authors support problem-based learning (PBL) based on its high level of alignment in addition to providing learners in engineering with an additional opportunity in learning process competencies, as contained within the South African National Critical Cross-field and Developmental Outcomes (COs). Constructive alignment describes a process in which the learning outcomes (LOs) become the objective for designing a curriculum that enables LOs to be achieved through appropriate activities and an assessment process that enables these LOs to be demonstrated. PBL applies problem-solving as a vehicle in achieving LOs. The degree to which a learner manages to achieve a given LO still serves as the authentic criteria for assessment. In addition, PBL provides learners an opportunity in acquiring non-subject-related skills, also referred to as process competencies, soft-skills, transferable skills, or graduate attributes. These skills are required especially for the management of human capital and are considered as crucial for successful practice in the engineering profession. It is therefore questioned why a PBL approach is not implemented by engineering faculties at South African Higher Education Institutions. The successful implementation of PBL, however, depends on a number of non-didactic issues that are highlighted in this paper. It is concluded that very few didactic methods can achieve the quality of learning we provide to engineering learners when using PBL, and therefore, it is proposed that South African Higher Education Institutions should also provide their academic staff with training opportunities in this regard. 相似文献
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Neil C. Cranston 《Asia-Pacific Journal of Teacher Education》2000,28(2):123-131
Education systems around the world are implementing school-based management organisational reforms resulting in new and enhanced roles for teachers. As a result, traditional notions of what skills, knowledge, competencies and attitudes teachers need to carry out their roles and responsibilities are changing. Fundamental to the necessary changes for teachers is promotion of a 'teachers-as-leaders' agenda, one which is conceptualised around a leadership framework that facilitates a rethinking of teachers' work and that has similarities with that usually associated with school administrators. This paper uses current developments in Queensland government schools to illustrate this changing world for teachers. 相似文献
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Mr. Ray Peterson Associate Professor David Treagust 《Research in Science Education》1992,22(1):323-330
This paper discusses a preliminary investigation into primary pre-service teachers' pedagogical reasoning skills. Results
from this investigation led to the development of a problem-based learning model which focused on improving primary pre-service
teachers' pedagogical reasoning skills. The problem-based learning model uses pedagogical reasoning as the basis for creating
problem situations for the pre-service teachers to investigate. The paper reports on pre-service teachers' views on the use
of the approach to improve their pedagogical reasoning skills.
Specializations: science teacher education, learning in science, chemistry education.
Specializations: student learning, conceptual change, technology education, curriculum evaluation. 相似文献
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Teachers need knowledge and skills to make effective use of the growing variety of media and technology texts and tools available for use in elementary and secondary education. For this reason, pedagogical media competencies are highly relevant for teachers’ professional development. The theory of media pedagogical competencies is first defined and then located in the context of the relevant scholarly literature from both Germany and the United States. We conducted a comparative analysis of German and U.S. pedagogical media competency models and report data on a survey of teacher education programs in Germany and the United States to identify the proportion of programs of study that include courses in media didactics, media and school reform, and media education. We consider the implications of the missing connections between the theoretical framework of pedagogical media competencies and the current practice of media pedagogical teacher training, revealing implications for further work needed to improve the integration of media in various school-related contexts. 相似文献
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Glazewski Krista D. Ertmer Peggy A. 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》2020,68(2):679-702
Complex problem solving is an effective means to engage students in disciplinary content while also furnishing critical non-cognitive and life skills. Despite increased adoption of complex problem-solving methods in K-12 classrooms today (e.g., case-, project-, or problem-based learning), we know little about how to make these approaches accessible to linguistically and culturally diverse (LCD) students. In this paper, we promote a conceptual framework, based on an ethos of intentionality, that supports culturally responsive teaching (CRT). We provide specific questions to guide teachers’ implementation of an ethos of intentionality, through critical reflection and meaningful action, and discuss a framework for culturally relevant practice that operationalizes key central tenets (e.g., high expectations, cultural competence, and critical consciousness). Finally, we include strategies that can help teachers and designers translate the principles of the CRT framework into action with a specific focus on complex problem solving in classrooms.
相似文献14.
The purpose of this study is to investigate whether or not the use of video can have a positive effect on satisfaction, empathy, and learning achievement in problem-based instruction among Korean college students majoring in education. To achieve this purpose, this study compared the findings from three dependent variables in problem-based video instruction with those in problem-based text instruction. The results indicate that there were statistically significant differences in learner satisfaction, empathy, and learning achievement between students who received problem-based video instruction and students who received problem-based text instruction. Consequently, the findings of this study imply that video can be an effective medium to present authentic situations in order to enhance student satisfaction, empathy, and learning achievement in problem-based instruction. This study might be significant in expanding the potential use of problem-based video instruction and in establishing an example of problem-based video instruction for Korean college students majoring in education. 相似文献
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A. De Juanas Oliva P. Fernández Lozano R. Martín del Pozo M. González Ballesteros E. Pesquero Franco E. Sánchez Martín 《欧洲师范教育杂志》2009,32(4):437-454
Taking as reference the proposals of the European Higher Education Area, the aim of this study is to identify the competencies which a wide sample of teachers in Spanish primary schools (6–12 age group) consider to be important for their professional performance and which they use in their everyday teaching, and to what extent their university training prepared them for their practising professional development. To do this, an ad hoc instrument was devised and applied to experienced practising teachers and to teacher trainees who were on teacher training placements during the last semester of their course. The results of the study show that initial teacher training should deal in depth with the competencies related to the organisation and management of teaching–learning, the use of new technologies in the primary classroom, the involvement of the families, education in values, social skills and skills for working in professional groups. Finally, proposals are made for training based on the articulation between theory and practice, to allow the professional competencies mentioned to be developed and used in practice, as well as encouraging close collaboration between teacher trainers and experienced practising teachers. 相似文献
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对400多名骨干教师的调查表明:一线教师对师范阶段教师专业素养的达成度具有很高的预期;一线教师对各子成分的预期达成度存在一定的差异,达成度从高到低排序依次是专业品德、职业技能、专业情感、通用能力、专业知识、专业理念、专业能力;一线教师注重专业素养达成方式的实践性,对于7个一级指标,选择了"理论学习+实践感悟"这一方式的被调查者比例最高。为此,建议:提高认识,重视专业素养的达成度;坚持素养发展导向,进行课程的统整设计;鼓励参与,加强教学活动的实践性;注重整合,提升学习任务的综合性;循序渐进,关注目标达成的渐进性。当然,高等院校也应注意适度的平衡,并加强与中小学校的沟通,寻求实践者的理解。 相似文献
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This paper discusses the representation of information literacy and media literacy in the Singapore education discourse as part of its twenty-first century competencies framework. Through examining the conceptual definitions, purposes/aims, and means of these two significant twenty-first century competencies in the global context and the Singapore education policy, the authors argue that despite both information literacy and media literacy have been widely recognized as crucial skills in the knowledge-based economy, they are perceived as separate concepts, given differentiated emphasis, and implemented using similar approaches by various governmental and educational agencies in Singapore. To facilitate the acquisition of these critical competencies, this paper argues that an overarching framework featuring the seamless integration of information and media literacy in school curricula and public education needs to be in place to clarify conceptual concerns and guide its practical implementation. 相似文献
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Gary Beauchamp 《Technology, Pedagogy and Education》2013,22(3):327-348
abstract The growing use of the interactive whiteboard (IWB) in primary school teaching forms part of a number of initiatives within the schools of the United Kingdom to develop the use of information and communications technology (ICT) in teaching and learning. The IWB presents both challenges and opportunities to teachers, particularly in terms of staff development and training. This study uses classroom observation and semi-structured interviews with teachers now working in a recently built, technology-rich primary school to develop a generic progressive framework and developmental model for schools introducing the IWB. This framework can be used to assess and guide teacher progress on the continuum towards becoming a ‘synergistic user’. As teachers make this transition there is a fundamental requirement to adopt an interactive teaching style, alongside the gradual development of specific ICT skills. The study also examines implications for teacher education and training for schools, both prior and subsequent to the introduction of the IWB into classroom use. These include specific technical and pedagogical competencies which need to be addressed for effective interactive use of the IWB in classroom teaching 相似文献
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Sandra Harris Julia Ballenger John Leonard 《Mentoring & Tutoring: Partnership in Learning》2013,21(2):155-172
The purpose of this study was to explore how often 159 practicing teachers enrolled in a university Master's degree principal preparation program observed their mentor principals model the four mandated Texas standards‐based instructional leadership competencies for the principalship. The competencies focus on leadership through curriculum and planning, nurturing and sustaining the instructional program, implementing a staff evaluation plan and applying decision‐making skills. Findings on the four competencies ranged from a high of 59.1% to a low of only 44.7% of the participants who indicated that they observed their mentor principals modeling these four competencies at least ‘usually.’ 相似文献
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M.W. Duffrin 《Journal of Food Science Education》2003,2(1):2-6
ABSTRACT: Problem-based learning (PBL) activities incorporated into an introductory food science course can aid in student understanding of basic food science principles while developing students' problem-solving and critical thinking skills. This article describes one example of how problem-based learning was introduced into an introductory food science course designed for food and nutrition majors. Included are the problems that were developed for the course and the observed outcomes of the problem-based learning activities. Integrated problem-based learning aided students in developing communication, problem-solving, self-directed learning, and other desired skills and demonstrates the potential to be an enjoyable and challenging classroom experience for both students and teachers. However, poor problem design, such as introducing numerous problems for one subject area, may generate unanticipated quick answer approaches to solving problems. 相似文献