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1.
Abstract

This methodology study was to determine if testing subjects on a specific day of four phases of the menstrual cycle would yield results which would be comparable to testing subjects on each day of the corresponding phases of the cycle and if the test results of one cycle would be comparable to those of two consecutive cycles. A statistical comparison of the mean scores for a specific day of each phase of the cycle and the mean scores for the average of all days for each phase of the cycle was made for pulse rate before exercise, pulse rate after exercise, and the difference in the pulse rate before and after exercise, or pulse rate increase. None of the t ratios obtained were significant. A statistical comparison was also made for the mean scores for two mentrual cycles for pulse rate before and after exercise, pulse rate increases, weight, and temperature. None of the t ratios were significant. It was concluded that testing subjects on a specific day of each of four phases of one menstrual cycle would be a satisfactory testing procedure.  相似文献   

2.
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3.
Abstract

Twenty-one middle-aged males who participated in a jogging program performed a 6-minute submaximal exercise bout on a bicycle ergometer to determine if any differences existed between the results of heart rate and blood pressure tests taken before and after 10 weeks of training. Heart rates were obtained from electrocardiograph tracings and blood pressures were measured by a manual sphygmomanometer. The t test for differences between the means of related measures of heart rates and blood pressures was used with the .01 level selected for significance. Differences between the means of pre-and post tests of heart rate, under pre-exercise, submaximal exercise, and postexercise conditions, were all statistically significant. The jogging program did not produce any significant change in either systolic or disastolic blood pressure. It was concluded that 10 weeks of participation in a systematic jogging program will produce reductions in heart rates for middle-aged men at rest, during submaximal exercise, and during the recovery period following exercise.  相似文献   

4.
Abstract

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of menstrual cycle phase on 2000-m rowing ergometry performance. Since high concentrations of oestrogen, indicative of the mid-luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, tend to decrease glycogen utilization and reduce blood lactate concentration, it was predicted that time taken to complete a 2000-m rowing trial would be shorter in the mid-luteal phase. Ten eumenorrhoeic, recreationally trained, female volunteers (mean age 33.0 years, s=7.1) completed 2000-m time trials on a Concept 2 rowing ergometer, in both the mid-follicular and mid-luteal phases of their menstrual cycle. In each phase, a 3-min incremental rowing protocol was used to determine a blood lactate concentration of 4 mmol · l?1 (T lac-4mM) and maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max); a five-stroke maximal test was used to establish maximal power. Order of testing was randomized for menstrual cycle phase. Variables (T lac-4mM, VO2max, maximal power) were correlated with speed in the 2000-m time trials, and the effect of menstrual cycle phase on these variables was examined. A blood lactate concentration of 4 mmol · l?1 occurred at a significantly higher mean exercise intensity (mid-luteal vs. mid-follicular: 169.1 W, s=39.1 vs. 159.0 W, s=38.3; P=0.033), heart rate (179 beats · min?1, s=9 vs. 173 beats · min?1, s=11; P=0.0047), and oxygen consumption (2.64 litres · min?1, s=0.66 vs. 2.42 litres · min?1, s=0.62; P=0.04) in the mid-luteal phase than in the mid-follicular phase. There was no significant difference (P=0.11) in 2000-m time trial speed according to menstrual cycle phase. In conclusion, although T lac-4mM differed due to menstrual cycle phase, 2000-m rowing performance was unaffected. Further research into the effects of menstrual cycle on rowing performance of a longer duration, among a more homogenous group of females, is recommended.  相似文献   

5.
Abstract

Members of the Santa Barbara basketball team were tested periodically during and after the 1957–58 season of play. The changes in physical conditioning were estimated using a step test. During this period of time the blood pressure and pulse wave measurements were studied to investigate the effects of basketball conditioning on these measurements.

The resting and postexercise systolic blood pressure measurements decreased significantly during training. These changes were significant after 16 weeks, while the pulse rate changes indicated conditioning had changed in six weeks. During de-training these measurements reversed and made significant changes in ten weeks.

The pulse wave measurements more closely followed those of the step test. They changed significantly in six weeks, leveled off, and finally reversed to the starting level during de-training.  相似文献   

6.
Abstract

We examined the influence of fatigue in the lower leg muscles on the centre of pressure sway during a static upright posture. Twelve healthy young men and women completed the exercise stress test on the triceps surae muscle and continued the exercise until their muscles were fatigued. A centre of pressure sway of 1 min was carried out in a Romberg posture at rest and at different instants after fatiguing exercise: immediately after, 5 min after, and 10 min after exercise. Blood lactate concentration was measured from fingertip samples taken before and immediately after exercise. To evaluate body sway, the following four centre of pressure sway factors were selected: unit time sway, front–back sway, left–right sway, and high-frequency band power spectrum. The measurement device used was an Anima stabilometer (G5500). The data sampling frequency was 20 Hz. After exercise, blood lactate concentration was increased. Significant differences were observed in unit time sway, front–back sway, and high-frequency band power spectrum immediately after exercise. These values eventually returned to baseline levels 5 min after fatiguing exercise.  相似文献   

7.
Abstract

Five subjects were tested three times in each of three static and three phasic work tests involving leg extensions in the semi-reclining position. Oxygen uptake, net oxygen consumption, ventilation rate, pulse rate, and systolic and diastolic blood pressures were consistently higher in phasic work than in static effort with a comparable resistance. The patterns of systolic and diastolic blood pressure and pulse rate response and recovery did not seem to differ in the two modes of work. While the ventilation rate—oxygen uptake relationship was similar in both forms of effort, the pulse rate—oxygen uptake relationship differed in that the static pulse exceeded the phasic rate at a comparable level of oxygen uptake.  相似文献   

8.
中老年知识分子42式太极拳锻炼的血液动力流变学效应   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
采用XXG－D型心功能测仪对集美老年大学42式太极拳班39名中老年知识分子进行练拳前和练拳1年后在安静状态下的血液动力流变学32个参数的检测。结果表明,坚持太极拳练习可出现：每搏输出量（SV）增加、脉率（PR）减慢、左心能量有效利用率（EWK）提高、心肌耗氧量（HOV）和耗氧指数（HOI）降低等血液动力学中枢效应;收缩压（SP）和平均收缩压（MSP）、总外周阻力（TPR）和标准用阻（SPR）降低等血液动力学外用效应。但对血粘度（η）和微循环状况的改善不具统计学意义。初步观察到42式太极拳练习对血液动力流变学具有双向性调节作用,其机理有待研究。  相似文献   

9.
Abstract

This study was concerned with the effect of bench-stepping in the Harvard Step Test upon finger and foot reaction time and, secondarily, with ascertaining the relationship, if any, between these reaction times and scores on the Harvard Step Test. The subjects were university freshman males. Reaction times were taken before, immediately after, and four minutes after the stepping exercise for 80 subjects. Thirty-six subjects served as controls, involving the reaction times and pulse counts at the prescribed intervals but without exercise. The findings failed to divulge any discernible effect of stepping exercise upon reaction time, or any apparent relationship between reaction time and the sum of the recovery pulse counts following the exercise. In view of these findings it is suggested that study be directed to two related aspects — the effect of exercise to exhaustion on reaction time, and the effect of strenuous and exhaustive exercise upon speed of movement.  相似文献   

10.
ABSTRACT

Interval exercise training is increasingly recommended to improve health and fitness; however, it is not known if cardiovascular risk is different from continuous exercise protocols. This systematic review with meta-analyses assessed the effect of a single bout of interval exercise on cardiovascular responses that indicate risk of cardiac fibrillation and infarction compared to continuous exercise. Electronic databases Medline, CINAHL, Embase, Scopus and Cochrane were searched. Key inclusion criteria were: (1) intervals of the same intensity and duration followed by a recovery period and (2) reporting at least one of blood pressure, heart rate variability, arterial stiffness or function. Cochrane Risk of Bias tool and GRADE approach were used. Meta-analyses found that systolic blood pressure responses to interval exercise did not differ from responses to continuous exercise immediately (MD 8 mmHg [95% CI ?32, 47], p = 0.71) or at 60 min following exercise (MD 0 mmHg [95% CI ?2, 1], p = 0.79). However, reductions in diastolic blood pressure and flow-mediated dilation with interval exercise were observed 10–15 min post-exercise. The available evidence indicates that interval exercise does not convey higher cardiovascular risk than continuous exercise. Further investigation is required to establish the safety of interval exercise for clinical populations.  相似文献   

11.
Abstract

This study aimed to determine whether arm crank ergometry (ACE) disturbed postural sway to the same extent as cycle ergometry (CE). Nine healthy, none specifically trained adults undertook posturographic tests before and after five separate exercise trials consisting of: two incremental exercise tests to exhaustion for ACE and CE to examine postural sway responses to maximal exercise and to determine peak power output (Wmax); two subsequent tests of 30 min duration for ACE and CE at a relative workload corresponding to 50% of the ergometer-specific Wmax (ACErel; 53 ± 8 W and CErel; 109 ± 16 W). A final CE trial was performed at the same absolute power output (CEabs) as the submaximal ACE trial to match absolute exercise intensity (i.e., 53 ± 8 W). The centre of pressure (COP) displacement was recorded using a force platform before, immediately after exercise and during a 30-min recovery period. ACE had no effects on postural sway (P > 0.05). An increase in mediolateral COP displacement was observed following maximal CE only (P = 0.001), while anteroposterior COP displacement and COP path length increased following maximal and submaximal CE (P < 0.05). These differences in postural sway according to exercise mode likely stem from the activity of postural muscles when considering that CE recruits lower limb muscles involved in balance. This study provides evidence of an exercise mode which does not elicit post-exercise balance impairments, therefore possesses applications to those at an increased risk of falling.  相似文献   

12.
艾灸预处理对运动后心率和血压变化的观察   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
目的：通过对华南师范大学体育学院大一（07级）学生进行艾灸（足三里穴）预处理,来观察艾灸预处理前受试者运动后血压、心率与艾灸预处理后受试者运动后血压、心率的变化,从而探讨艾灸预处理对于运动后心率和血压的影响。方法：在运动前用血压计测定受试者安静时的血压和心率,随后受试者在跑台周Bruce方法进行逐级递增负荷运动,当受试者运动到力竭后测定受试者运动后即刻、运动后15min、运动后30min的血压、和心率。在运动当天后的一星期内对受试者进行艾灸（足三里穴）预处理,在艾灸一星期以后受试者再次进行跑台BRUCE方法逐级递增负荷运动,测定受试者运动前安静时、运动后即刻、运动后15min、运动后30min的血压和心率。结果：（1）收缩压在艾灸预处理前后运动后15min有显著性差异;在安静时、运动后即刻和运动后30min没有显著性差异。（2）舒张压在艾灸预处理前后安静状态和运动后30min有显著性差异;在运动后即刻和运动后15min没有显著性差异。（3）心率在艾灸预处理前后均没有显著性差异。结论：艾灸预处理在安静时和运动后恢复期都有一定的降压作用,也可能与艾灸消除运动性疲劳有一定的关系。  相似文献   

13.
Abstract

A study was made on the effects of a 10-sec. isometric exercise, which involved much of the large musculature, upon the heart-rate, blood pressure, and net oxygen cost. Six subjects exercised in a semireclining, fixed position against a Medart spring dynamometer. Each subject pulled to 60 percent of his previously determined maximum effort. Heart rate showed a slight increase during exercise followed by a sharp rise in the few seconds following exercise. This was followed by a drop almost to the resting level within 20 to 30 sec. following exercise. Systolic pressure rose following exercise and was highest in the period immediately following exercise, then dropped slowly to resting levels within 2 1/2 min. Oxygen consumption varied widely both between subjects and between experiments in the same subject.  相似文献   

14.

We investigated the effects of different exercise intensities on C-reactive protein (CRP), and whether changes in CRP levels correlated with blood lipid levels. Ten men exercised at 25%, 65%, and 85% of their maximum oxygen consumption rates. Participants' blood was analyzed for CRP and blood lipid levels before and after the exercise sessions. Although there was an intensity effect for postexercise high-density lipoprotein levels, there were no significant differences or correlations for postexercise CRP levels or between CRP and lipid levels across the three exercise intensities. In an acute aerobic bout model with isoenergetic expenditures, CRP was not affected by the exercise intensity. Additionally, changes in blood lipid levels might not have been connected to CRP levels for physically fit participants.  相似文献   

15.
Abstract

We investigated cardiovascular fitness and haemodynamic responses to maximal cycle ergometer exercise test in children. The participants were a population sample of 425 children (204 girls, 221 boys) aged 6–8 years. Heart rate (HR) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) were measured from the beginning of pre-exercise rest to the end of recovery period. We provided reference values for peak workload and changes in HR and SBP during and after maximal exercise test in girls and boys. Girls had a lower cardiovascular fitness, indicated by peak workload per body weight [mean (2 s) 2.7 (0.9) vs. 3.1 (1.0) W · kg–1, P < 0.001] and lean mass [mean (2 s) 3.5 (0.9) vs. 3.8 (1.0) W· kg–1, P < 0.001] than boys. Plateau or decline in SBP close to the end of the test was found in about third of children and was considered a normal SBP response. Girls had a slower HR decrease within 2 min after the test than boys [mean (2 s) 53 (18) vs. 59 (22) beats · min–1, P < 0.001]. The results are useful for physicians and exercise physiologists to evaluate cardiovascular fitness and haemodynamic responses to exercise in children and to detect children with low exercise tolerance or abnormal haemodynamic responses to exercise.  相似文献   

16.
Abstract

Males (N = 7), ages 23–45, were tested on a maximum and two submaximum performance tests to determine the effects of different intensities of exercise on intraocular pressure. Intraocular pressure, blood pH, and blood lactate concentration were measured at rest, the midpoint of the submaximum tests, the end of exercise, and during the first 10 min of recovery. A two-way ANOVA was employed to determine if any significant differences existed between means due to the exercise or the intensity. The results of this study indicate that the intraocular pressure decreases during exercise and the first few minutes of recovery. However, the intensity of the exercise was not related to the amount of decrease in intraocular pressure. The decrease in pressure was associated with a decrease in blood pH and an increase in blood lactate concentration.  相似文献   

17.
ABSTRACT

Purpose: Heat intolerance (HI) is determined in the Israel Defense Force according to a heat tolerance test (HTT) before returning to duty after an exertional heat stroke (EHS) event. Recently, increased numbers of female combatants resulted in an increased number of EHS cases among women and a higher percentage of heat intolerance (HI) individuals. We aimed to evaluate the differences between tolerance to heat among women performing an HTT in relation to their menstrual cycle phase. Method: Thirty-three female participants were sorted into two groups: HI and heat tolerant (HT) according to two HTTs performed during both the luteal and follicular phases of the menstrual cycle or while consuming and during a break from consuming contraceptives. Results: HT women had an 18% higher maximal oxygen uptake (p < .005, 95% CI [2.6,9.8]) and 1.2% lower skin temperature in the HTT at the during and follicular phases (p < .01, 95% CI [0.12,0.77]) and 1.7% lower at the off and luteal phases (p < .001, 95% CI [0.34,0.92]). The mean sweat rate was 14% lower among the HI group only at the HTT at the during and follicular phases (p < .05, 95% CI (3,88)]). Conclusion: We found that HT can be predicted using aerobic capacity and core body temperature. Moreover, during the luteal phase, women presented altered thermoregulation that decreased the probability of being HT. This emphasizes the importance of considering the HT/HI criteria in the HTT for women, according to their aerobic ability and menstrual-cycle phase.  相似文献   

18.
目的探讨不同人工调整月经周期方法(提前法和推迟法)对运动员机能及运动能力的影响,制订人工调整月经周期的最佳方案,为合理指导人工调整月经周期方法提供理论依据。方法将女运动员随机分为提前组和推迟组,每组7人。提前组在月经周期第5天开始服药(妈富隆),每天1片,服用14 d;推迟组在月经周期第24天开始服药,每天1片,服用10 d。分别于服药前一周期第(5±1)天、第(22±1)天,服药周期中的最后一天(提前组于服药第14天,推迟组于服药第10天)及服药后下一周期第5天进行血液指标和运动能力测试。结果服药期间血T、血C、T/C及服药后下一周存在时间主效应,血T、T/C降低有统计学差异,血C升高有统计学差异;平均握力、下肢爆发力前后比较无统计学差异;PWC170和V.O2max前后比较无统计学差异,反应时在服药后下一周期第5天与服药前周期同一时间相比有统计学差异。结论提前法和推迟法在调整月经周期中对运动员有氧能力、力量素质、反应时、血T和血C水平的影响无统计学差异,但是妈富隆能降低血T、T/C及升高血C水平,且对降低T/C的影响更加明显。建议运动员可以通过提前法调整月经周期,避开比赛期。  相似文献   

19.
We tested the hypothesis that exercise-induced muscle damage would increase the ventilatory (V(E)) response to incremental/ramp cycle exercise (lower the gas exchange threshold) without altering the blood lactate profile, thereby dissociating the gas exchange and lactate thresholds. Ten physically active men completed maximal incremental cycle tests before (pre) and 48 h after (post) performing eccentric exercise comprising 100 squats. Pulmonary gas exchange was measured breath-by-breath and fingertip blood sampled at 1-min intervals for determination of blood lactate concentration. The gas exchange threshold occurred at a lower work rate (pre: 136 ± 27 W; post: 105 ± 19 W; P < 0.05) and oxygen uptake (VO(2)) (pre: 1.58 ± 0.26 litres · min(-1); post: 1.41 ± 0.14 litres · min(-1); P < 0.05) after eccentric exercise. However, the lactate threshold occurred at a similar work rate (pre: 161 ± 19 W; post: 158 ± 22 W; P > 0.05) and VO(2) (pre: 1.90 ± 0.20 litres · min(-1); post: 1.88 ± 0.15 litres · min(-1); P > 0.05) after eccentric exercise. These findings demonstrate that exercise-induced muscle damage dissociates the V(E) response to incremental/ramp exercise from the blood lactate response, indicating that V(E) may be controlled by additional or altered neurogenic stimuli following eccentric exercise. Thus, due consideration of prior eccentric exercise should be made when using the gas exchange threshold to provide a non-invasive estimation of the lactate threshold.  相似文献   

20.
There is a paucity of research on devices suitable for home-based isometric exercise. Our aim was to compare cardiovascular responses to isometric exercise using novel and established methods. Ten individuals (age 34.0?±?8.5 years, mass 68.2?±?10.4?kg, height 1.72?±?0.09?m; mean?±?s) performed three different isometric exercise protocols with 48?h between each. Each protocol involved four repeated exercise bouts of 2?min at 30% maximum voluntary contraction force using alternate legs (transducer), alternate arms (transducer), or alternate arms (novel device). Systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate were measured every 30?s. The highest (peak) values during each 2?min bout of exercise were recorded (peak systolic blood pressure, peak diastolic blood pressure, peak mean arterial blood pressure and peak heart rate). At the end of each 2?min exercise bout, the participants rated their perceived discomfort using Borg's CR-10 scale. There was a statistically significant difference in peak systolic blood pressure between isometric arm flexion using the force transducer and the novel device [158.1?±?10.8 vs. 149.1?±?13.9?mmHg (mean?±?s); P = 0.02]. Further analysis showed that peak systolic blood pressure was on average 9?mmHg higher using the force transducer with limits of agreement of –?15.97 to 33.97?mmHg. Analysis of the peak diastolic blood pressure, peak mean arterial blood pressure, peak heart rate and CR-10 data revealed no statistically significant differences between the three protocols. These results suggest that this novel, home-based method elicited similar cardiovascular responses during isometric exercise to those of established laboratory-based methods. However, the lower peak systolic blood pressure using the modified scales warrants further investigation before this method is used widely in the home.  相似文献   

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