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1.
《Chinese Education & Society》2013,46(6):64-69
Editor's note: At present and for a period to come, a most important and urgent task in basic education is to bring about the "switching of tracks" from exam-oriented education, (or yingshi jiaoyu) to quality education (or suzhi jiaoyu). We have often said that the hope for reviving the nation lies in education, and the hope of reviving education lies with teachers. If we are to bring about this "switching of tracks" from exam-oriented to quality education, we shall have to successfully cultivate group after group of new teachers capable of carrying out quality education. In today's issue of this paper, we deliver the following report on the experience of one school—the Lingling Teachers' Vocational College—in cultivating new lower middle school teachers who will carry out quality education; this report and the experience it describes should hold, for us, a certain significance of leading us in thinking about the subject. 相似文献
2.
政府对私立教育的财政资助问题是各国教育政策的一个重要内容。20世纪30年代以来,伴随美国政府对私立中小学进行财政资助的政策尝试,逐步开启法院对该类政策的合法性审查。在近百年的财政资助诉讼史中,美国联邦最高法院对该类政策的态度经历了完全禁止—开始允许—严格限制—摇摆不定—积极资助的发展轨迹,逐渐形成了以“莱蒙检验”为框架、以“中立性”准则为重心、以“儿童受益”准则和“支持检验”为辅助的多元审查体系。其“以学生为中心”、尊重家长“教育选择”和“平等”的价值理念,以及资助的内容和实现方式均具有重要的启示意义。 相似文献
3.
《Chinese Education & Society》2013,46(4):62-73
More than six years have passed since the publication of Chairman Mao's brilliant "July 21" Directive. Chairman Mao stated: "It is still necessary to have universities; here I refer mainly to colleges of science and engineering. However, it is essential to shorten the length of schooling, revolutionize education, put proletarian politics in command, and take the road of the Shanghai Machine-Tool Plant in training technicians from among the workers. Students should be selected from among workers and peasants who have practical experience, and they should return to production after a few years of study." Chairman Mao's important directive addresses itself not only to the field of education but also to our socialist industrial enterprises and the working class. Guided by Chairman Mao's directive, school education has undergone a profound change during these six years, and factory-run education has developed greatly. The more we travel along the "July 21" road, the more it broadens. 相似文献
4.
高年资教师是我国高职院校教师队伍的中流砥柱,然而“躺平（职业倦怠）”亦成为阻碍其进一步推动我国高等职业教育事业高质量发展的重要因素。本研究基于社会交换理论,以我国高职院校99对高年资教师与青年教师为对象,展开了为期5天的调查研究。结果发现：（1）师徒制存在“师—徒”间的双向增益机制;（2）师徒制能够通过知识重组路径抑制高年资教师职业倦怠的滋生,同时,指导成效是干预这一效果的重要边界条件。在此基础上,本研究通过组态分析提出了“专业资本导向型”与“心理资本导向型”两种基于师徒制的高年资教师职业倦怠应对方案,进而建议相关院校加大对师徒制的资源投入力度,赋予该制度一定的灵活性,以期从根源上解决高年资教师的职业倦怠问题。 相似文献
5.
教育程度与阶层嵌入的关系是改革开放以来我国教育理论和社会结构研究中的一个重要议题。改革开放初期,当“制度”先行变化,高等教育发展与劳动力市场的供需呈现出一种双向驱动。知青返城与高等教育改革几乎是同步进行的。“返城知青”是切入这一历史进程的关键性历史客体。教育的“拨乱反正”给了返城知青重塑文化资本的机会,教育考试制度的恢复使得其“再知识化”有了体制化确认的渠道。返城知青“再知识化”的自为建构过程可分为纵向教育系统的“高考”和继续教育系统的“成教”两部分。将改革开放初期的高教改革与返城知青的文化资本重塑联系起来,对于理解当代中国“制度—教育—社会”三者间的张力具有重要意义。 相似文献
6.
《欧洲教育》2013,45(3):27-30
The Ministry for Women's Rights started a nationwide informational campaign in early April on the subject "Vocational Guidance and Training for Girls" as a complement to a campaign on employment: Men and women should have the same rights to education, training, and promotion. But this is only possible, the Minister feels, if girls' education is as diversified as boys'. "We must begin to combat inequalities and change habits of thinking in the school, " declared Ms. Roudy, Minister for Womens' Rights. "There is no such thing as professions for women and professions for men. There are professions for all." 相似文献
7.
汪婷 《齐齐哈尔师范高等专科学校学报》2014,(1):23-24
当前我国公民教育的复兴是中国步入现代化的必然结果,也是政治民主化的必然选择,在中国现代化进程中具有非常重要的作用。为更好的开展公民教育借鉴他国经验非常必要。将我国公民教育与美国公民教育理论进行比较,吸取美国公民教育理论精华丰富我国公民教育理论,提高教育的实际效果,实现公民教育的最终目的。 相似文献
8.
在“中国式”分权背景下，地方政府对本地教育财政投入激励不足。如何发挥地方人大的预决算审查监督职能、构建有效约束机制来提高地方政府教育支出水平，对我国教育事业长远发展具有重大意义。本文以我国各地区推动预算监督法制化为制度背景，以1999—2017年间各省份预算审查监督条例立法作为准自然实验，使用双重差分法研究通过立法加强地方人大预算监督如何影响地方政府教育支出。研究发现：（1）省级预算监督条例立法能够显著增加地方政府的教育财政支出，使教育支出在财政预算支出中的比重平均上升约一个百分点，使地方教育支出占GDP的比重显著提高；（2）异质性分析显示预算监督条例立法对地方政府教育投入的促进作用主要体现在基础教育和中等教育层面，并且在财政分权程度更高或地方主政官员缺乏中央工作经历的地区更加显著。本文的研究表明，推动财政监督法制化是构建现代教育财政治理体系的重要制度基础，强化地方人大预算监督是确保地方教育支出持续稳定增长的有效制度保障。 相似文献
9.
全面实施依法治国和推进依法治教要求完善教育法治建设。新颁布的《民法典》丰富了我国的立法实践,以法典化引领教育立法为我国教育法提供了新的立法思路。教育法的法典化是针对教育领域内所有法律关系而制定一部具有基础性和权威性的《教育法典》。编纂《教育法典》应当加强全国人大的主导性,发展“一揽子修法”的立法思路,并参考借鉴域外教育法典的有益经验,探索编纂适合中国国情和实际的《教育法典》。此外,编纂《教育法典》需要加强关于立法原则、法典设计价值、法典编纂技术、法典体例编排、法典与其他法律和国际规范的衔接的理论研究。 相似文献
10.
负担和竞争是义务教育的正常现象,而负担过重和过度竞争才是要解决的真问题。其根本原因,一方面在于教育具有产品标准化、信息不对称等易引发过度竞争的一般特征,另一方面在于教育具有公共资源的属性。由国家承担主要的教育成本且资源分布不均,促使个体通过牺牲式教育抢占更多公共教育资源以实现个人利益最大化,却导致国家集体利益的损失。其直接原因在于,代理人缺乏对儿童健康成长的认识,把额外争取到的公共教育资源视为牺牲式教育的补偿,而且为防止孩子年龄增长导致的控制能力减弱,代理人更加倾向于在儿童学业初期就施加过重的负担以“打好基础”。“双减”政策与《家庭教育促进法》可以全空间约束过度教育竞争,但也随之产生了约束有效性和约束成本的问题,需要进一步提高学校教育的质量,防止“双减”政策产生限制竞争却抑制发展的效果。 相似文献
11.
《Chinese Education & Society》2013,46(3-4):53-66
Comrade Liu Shaoqi was a great Marxist and a proletarian revolutionary; he was an outstanding leader of our Party and state. He consistently emphasized education and was greatly concerned for the growth of our younger generation, and he initiated many important proposals for educational work. From the late 1950s, in compliance with the instructions of the Party Central Committee and Comrade Mao Zedong, he strongly advocated a dual educational system. This was a major measure for implementing the Party's educational policy, making education more suited to the needs of the nation's economic development. However, through a counterrevolutionary design to usurp the Party and seize power, Lin Biao, the "Gang of Four," and company deliberately framed Comrade Liu Shaoqi politically and persecuted him personally. They also leveled many unwarranted charges against the dual education system advocated by Comrade Liu and caused severe damage to the nation's education work. While cherishing the memory of Comrade Shaoqi today, we must study again his talk on the dual educational system in our effort to reform education and make it better suited to the requirements of the general task during the new historical period. We are committed to train more and better talented people to achieve the nation's four modernizations at an early date. 相似文献
12.
《学习科学杂志》2013,22(2):197-220
"Learning by doing" in pursuit of real-world goals has received much attention from education researchers but has been unevenly supported by mathematics education software at the elementary level, particularly as it involves arithmetic word problems. In this article, we give examples of doing-oriented tools that might promote children's ability to "see" significant abstract structures in mathematical situations. The reflection necessary for such seeing is motivated by activities and contexts that emphasize affective and social aspects. Natural language, as a representation already familiar to children, is key in these activities, both as a means of mathematical expression and as a link between situations and various abstract representations. These tools support children's ownership of a mathematical problem and its expression; remote sharing of problems and data; software interpretation of children's own word problems; play with dynamically linked representations with attention to children's prior connections; and systematic problem variation based on empirically determined level of difficulty. 相似文献
13.
The objective of the paper is to re-examine the mother–child education achievement hypothesis, by re-examining the effect of mother's education, on math and literacy test scores of children in Kenya. Data come from the classroom Education Research Programme at the African Population and Health Research Centre which was collected between January and March 2012. Since pupils are nested within schools, we fitted a two-level random intercept model. Our findings show that mothers' and fathers' education has a positive and significant independent association with literacy and numeracy achievement. After interacting mothers' and fathers' education and controlling for school and pupil characteristics, we observed two significant findings: (1) mother's education remains statistically significant but is negatively associated with the pupil's score in both literacy and numeracy; and (2) the interaction of both parents' education is significant and positively associated with pupil scores in literacy and numeracy. This study underscores the importance of the complementarity between mothers' and fathers' education in order for children to acquire and learn literacy and numeracy in schools. In as much as mothers' education is important in the children's literacy and numeracy, the importance of fathers in children's literacy and numeracy cannot be ignored. 相似文献
14.
ELAINE UNTERHALTER 《British Journal of Sociology of Education》2003,24(5):665-669
Rationality and Freedom AMARTYA SEN, 2002 London, Harvard University Press 736 pp., £25.04 ISBN 0 674 00947 9 Valuing Freedoms. Sen's Capability Approach and Poverty Reduction SABINA ALKIRE, 2002 Oxford, Oxford University Press 340 pp., £45.00 ISBN 0 19 924579 This important selection of essays by the in.uential Nobel Prize winning economist, Amartya Sen, deals with economic theory and social philosophy. Sabina Alkire's book combines a lucid exposition of the significance of Sen's work with an analysis of how it might be operationalised in development practice. Together with Sen's popular and now very widely read exposition of his key ideas in Development as Freedom (Sen, 1999) the works provide a new language to understand important social and economic processes. These recently published works also indicate some new directions debates concerning Sen's innovative ideas are taking. On the one hand, the connections across disciplines that Sen's work represents are being explored, partly by Sen himself and partly by those who have interpreted his ideas. On the other hand, the implications of Sen's work for examining practical approaches to social justice are emerging. While Sen's ideas have posed some central questions for debates in philosophy concerning equality, for discussions on social choice in economics, and for the reframing of the de.nition of ‘development’ in development studies, his work has had surprisingly little impact on discussions in sociology of education. Before considering what some of the potential of his thinking is for sociologists of education, some elements of his thinking need explanation. 相似文献
15.
《Educational Assessment》2013,18(4):377-399
A group's average test score is often used to evaluate different educational approaches, curricula, teachers, and schools. Studies of group test scores over time often try to measure "value-added" by holding constant certain student characteristics such as race, parents' education, or socioeconomic status; however, the important statistical phenomenon of regression to the mean is often ignored. There is a substantial literature on the importance of regression to the mean in a variety of contexts, including individual test scores. Here, we look at regression to the mean in group averages. If this regression is not taken into account, changes in a group's average test score over time may be misinterpreted as changes in the group's average ability rather than natural and expected fluctuations in scores about ability. California Academic Performance Index scores are used to illustrate this argument. 相似文献
16.
《Chinese Education & Society》2013,46(2):81-84
The "Outline for the Reform and Development of China's Education" has defined the general objectives for the development of China's compulsory education by the year 2000. Realizing these objectives will be the most difficult in poor districts where the economy is extremely weak. The central authorities have repeatedly studied the issue of how to promote compulsory education in these districts and has decided to set up a special-purpose fund to carry out a Compulsory Education Project for Poor Regions. The completion of this great project will not only place China's education on a new level of development but will inevitably give enormous impetus to China's economic development. 相似文献
17.
《Chinese Education & Society》2013,46(2):48-53
As we analyze our country's social and economic development, the following sets of contradictions stand out in the picture of this development. These include: (1) the contradiction between the expansion of population and the growth of per capita income, (2) the contradiction between a high employment rate and a low rate of production efficiency, (3) the contradiction between a sense of common wealth and well-being and the expansion of the gaps between people's incomes, and (4) the contradiction between the policy of opening up to the outside world and the construction of spiritual culture. There are many ways to solve these contradictions, but, under the system of socialism, in addition to organizing production and the people's lives in a reasonable way, the fundamental way out of the potential impasses seems to be nothing more than strengthening the education system and developing the cause of education. When education is done well, and our people's quality is enhanced generally, then the expansion of the population would not just be an explosion in consumption; rather, it would mean an expansion in technique and skill, and an enhancement in the labor productivity and efficiency rate. Our common wealth and well-being will then also be based on ability and contribution. Then, too, we will be able, under the conditions of opening up to the outside, to absorb truly and correctly the essence of foreign cultures to help us in building up the spiritual culture of socialism in our country. Therefore, we believe that it is a mark of true foresight and acumen that the party center designated the development of education as a strategic focal point for our country's growth in the current period and for some time into the future. The "Resolution of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Reforming the Education System" pointed out that we must give the enterprise of education a tremendous boost in its development as the foundation of the nation's overall economic development. Furthermore, this resolution stipulated that the growth of the state's annual expenditure in the area of education must be kept at a higher level than the growth of the normal and regular fiscal income of the state. It also stipulated that there should be a year-to-year increase in the per-student annual average educational expenses. These very important decisions will propel with great force the development of our nation's enterprise of education and will allow it to have a greater and greater impact on our country's economic revival and recovery, its social growth, and its scientific and technological progress. 相似文献
18.
Steinar Bøyum 《Educational theory》2010,60(5):543-559
Strangely, the concept of philosophical education is not much in use, at least not as a philosophical concept. In this essay, Steinar Bøyum attempts to outline such a philosophical concept of philosophical education. Bøyum uses Plato's Allegory of the Cave, René Descartes's life of doubt, and Immanuel Kant's criticism of metaphysics as paradigms or defining examples of this concept. Bøyum's aim in this essay is not exegetical; rather, he hopes to describe these examples in a way that will let their character as conceptions of philosophical education show forth. His underlying aims are to show which forms such conceptions may take and why philosophical education is or should be an important topic for both philosophy and education. 相似文献
19.
Sue Jackson 《高等教育研究与发展》2000,19(3):279-296
This article draws on my research, in which I have interviewed a group of students over the course of their degrees. The women are all taking women's studies combined with a range of other subjects in a ‘new’ university with campuses in inner London and on its outskirts. This article considers the women's perceptions of both women's studies and their second subjects as "academic", as well as how they think both the university and the wider world value the academic nature of their various subjects. It asks whether subjects are only valued as "academic" if they focus on the writings of men, and are considered "objective", abstract and theoretical. Do students need to be seen to be "thinking like a man" in order to value their subjects and have them valued by others, or are there ways to be "differently academic"? It concludes by suggesting some alternative ways for institutions of higher education to consider the meaning of "academic" in higher education. 相似文献
20.
《Higher Education in Europe》1980,5(2):68-69
Staff development of university teachers has become one of the important issues facing higher education today, especially in the context of present scientific, technological and cultural changes, and is even considered imperative to lifelong education. It is also increasingly drawing the attention and interest of the staff concerned as well as of planners and decision makers in higher education.
In this context we present the following article, written for “Higher Education in Europe” by Professor Vladimir N. Siomin of the USSR's Ministry of Higher and Specialized Secondary Education. 相似文献