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德国联邦政府通过法律和条例对双元制职业教育与培训体系进行规范。表述培训的目标、内容和考试要求的规定就是教育条例。联邦职业教育研究所为联邦政府制定教育条例作相关内容准备。它和具有职业经历,并由雇主和工会推荐的专家共同拟定草案,并对教育条例进行不断更新,使其适应经济和职业变化的趋势。 相似文献
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《欧洲教育》2013,45(2):73-83
The background of many problems of educational policy is formed by the distribution of tasks between the Federal government and the Länder as prescribed by the constitution. The experiences of the Weimar Republic were not without their consequences for the Federal Republic, as a recent analysis of consitutional history shows. 相似文献
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《欧洲教育》2013,45(1):71-85
The International Schoolbook Institute was established in Braunschweig (northern Germany) almost twenty years ago. Its major purpose is the improvement of textbooks for school instruction, especially in history, with a view to eliminating national prejudices and strengthening objectivity and world perspectives. The following account of its ten years of work is an address presented at a meeting of the Council of Europe in 1964. Its author, Dr. Robert Multhoff, has collaborated with the Institute for many years. In recognition of his contributions to international school-book revision, he recently received a meritorious distinction (Bundesverdienstkreuz) from the President of the Federal Republic of Germany. 相似文献
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This paper reports on an evaluation of the visiting teacher lecturer programme at the University of Western Sydney Macarthur in Sydney, Australia. Between 1992 and 1996, ten practising school teachers taught full‐time within the Faculty of Education for a period of 12 months each. The teachers were known as visiting teaching lecturers and worked in the Faculty's Secondary, Primary and Early Childhood Teacher Education Programmes. The visiting teaching lecturer programme was instigated in order to ensure that recent and relevant experience was available to preservice teacher education students within the Faculty's programmes. Also, the Department of School Education was enthusiastic about the programme as it enabled teachers to gain significant professional development both for themselves and for the Department. The extent to which the programme met these goals, in spite of numerous policy barriers introduced at both State and Federal level, is explored. 相似文献
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Peter T. Klassen 《Innovative Higher Education》1983,8(1):55-67
Seventy-two returning adult students participating in a weekend social science option showed statistically significant increases on 11Personal Orientation Inventory subscales and theWatson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal. The program involved an interdisciplinary and experiential learning approach. Utilizing t-tests, no significant differences between males and females on the pretest nor on pre-post change were found. This evaluation supports successful experiential learning as effective in continuation and reinforcement of the process of self-actualizing.The author expresses his thanks to Mary Van De Warker for codesigning and coinstructing the Weekend Social Science option with him and to Kathleen Crittenden for her helpful criticism of an earlier draft of this article. 相似文献
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J. Cody Davidson 《Community College Journal of Research & Practice》2013,37(5):442-460
The designation “low income” is often assigned to students who are Federal Pell Grant eligible; however, family incomes for these recipients range from $0 to as high as $60,000 (Baum & Payea, 2011). Over 93% of all zero expected family contribution (EFC) students have a family income of $30,000 or less and constituted 67.4% of all Federal Pell Grant disbursements in 2009–2010. Given the wide range of family incomes, state need-based grant eligibility requirements, and current fiscal constraints, the purpose of this study was to compare predictors of student first- to second-year persistence, for zero and nonzero EFC students at two- and four-year institutions, as suggested by Davidson (2013). Logistic regressions showed differences between students at two- and four-year institutions as well as zero and nonzero students. Using a zero EFC as a criterion for low income could prove a valuable alternative to Federal Pell Grant eligibility for state and institutional policy makers when allocating need-based financial aid. In doing so, consideration must be given to this student population’s particular needs and factors that best foster student success. 相似文献
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Hans N. Weiler 《牛津教育评论》2013,39(1):15-27
Abstract Taking the political and scholarly debates about curriculum reform in the Federal Republic of Germany as a case in point, the article develops the notion of ‘compensatory legitimation’ as a theoretical construct for better understanding the political dynamics of making and implementing educational policy under conditions of conflict. Among various strategies of compensatory legitimation, special attention is given to the recourse to legal and constitutional norms, the utilisation of expertise, and the invocation of the discourse of participation. 相似文献
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新草案对二审中的发回重审仅仅提到了一点,即限制因事实不清证据不足而发回重审的次数。通过比较分析草案前后对发回重审的不同规定,并结合草案和现行刑诉法关于二审中发回重审的规定分析了发回重审存在的矛盾,最后提出了自己关于二审中发回重审的修改意见：科学规定发回重审的原因,严格限定发回重审的次数,明确提出对发回重审的要求。 相似文献
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《欧洲教育》2013,45(3):19-27
From May 27 to 30, 1980, a symposium took place in Bonn on the theme "International Cultural Relations — Bridges over Borders." About four hundred people from fifty different countries participated. The sponsors of the symposium, organized on the initiative of Mrs. Hamm-Brücher, were the eight central organizations for foreign cultural policy. The Federal Minister of Foreign Affairs Hans-Dietrich Genscher assumed the official sponsorship. The purpose of the symposium was to clarify to the public the status of foreign cultural policy as the third dimension of foreign policy in general and to initiate an international dialogue on the role of the Federal Republic of Germany in international cultural relations. The symposium was opened by the Chairman of the Institute for Foreign Relations in Stuttgart, the former Baden-Wurttemberg Minister of Religion Professor Hahn, who at the same time served as the spokesman for all the central organizations, the President of the Federal Council, Mayor Klose, who represented the Federal President, the Chairman of the Bundestag Subcommittee for Cultural Foreign Policy Hans Klein, and finally Foreign Minister Genscher himself. 相似文献
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We estimate the impact of increases in Federal student aid and higher education funding, such as the recently proposed American Graduation Initiative (AGI), on the outcomes of community colleges, including enrollments, list and average tuitions, and educational quality. We develop a reduced form model of state-level education policy in which state policy makers, who have objectives that differ from those of Federal policy makers, respond to changes in Federal policies. Our empirical specification treats state and institutional variables as endogenous; we interpret the coefficients as measuring the responses of state and institution officials to changes in Federal policies. We simulate the effects of AGI and find little evidence that states recapture Federal education resources. AGI would have a significant effect on educational quality but a limited effect on enrollments. An equivalent increase in Federal student aid would have greater impact on access and enrollments, but decrease educational quality. 相似文献
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Problems relating to examinations in three-year technical/natural science courses of study at the Federal Armed Forces University,Munich 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
In Part 1 Zimmermann describes the conditions of study, taking as a starting point the considerations relating to the founding of Federal Armed Forces universities in Hamburg and Munich and explaining their educational concept. He then gives an account of the organization, modus operandi and curricular considerations of the Federal Armed Forces University, Munich. These observations are focussed on the successful attempts to offer scientific study courses (four in Hamburg and seven in Munich) providing, after three and a quarter to, at the most, four years, qualifications which are equal in standard to the corresponding diplomas of public universities. Owing to the fact that study courses are shorter and equal in standard, the success rate is, by comparison, slightly lower at the moment. This applies in particular to the technical/natural science courses. The reasons for this will be indicated. As a result of this situation, there is a desire for optimum examination procedures.Ulbricht reports in Part 2 on a study of the problems relating to examinations which he conducted at the Faculty of Aerospace Engineering. First of all he discusses the criteria for good grading procedures, then describes the four most common ones and applies them to the results of a written test in engineering mechanics held as part of the preliminary diploma examination; a quantitative comparison produces remarkable results. In conclusion, he studies the required length of the written test and proposes that it should be halved.This article is a considerably revised version of an essay entitled Reformed Study Courses in Engineering: Investigations into the Design of Examinations in Engineering Mechanics following a Three-Year Prescribed Period of Study at the Federal Armed Forces University, Munich which appeared in 1979/80 in technic didact 4: 209–217 and 5: 11–21. 相似文献
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为了研究高大空间建筑喷口送风系统的吹风感分布,在大空间实验室中进行了夏季工况的实验测试,得到了喷口高度为4m时人体活动区域温度场、速度场和吹风感的分布.然后,采用计算流体力学的方法对实验工况进行模拟计算.将室内垂直温度和冷吹风感分布的计算结果和实测数据进行对比验证,结果显示吻合良好.在此基础上进行了不同喷口高度处工况的模拟计算,通过分析3个工况下人体活动区域的吹风感和温度,获得了较理想的送风工况.模拟结果显示,喷口高度为5m时吹风感分布较为理想,温度场和速度场较为均匀. 相似文献
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To investigate the natural frequencies and towing behaviors of a 3-bucket foundation platform at different drafts, the decay and towing experiments were carried out in a towing tank on a scale of 1:20. The air pressure inside the bucket foundations, the water pressure at the bottom of the bucket foundations, the acceleration of the platform and the towing force were determined in the test process. The time-history curves of the measured parameters were obtained, and the frequency responses of the parameters at different drafts were analyzed by means of fast Fourier transform(FFT). The results showed that the platform natural frequency of heave decreased slightly with the rise of draft. The natural frequencies of roll and pitch are much lower than that of heave, and they increased slightly with the increase of draft. When towing in the following sea, the maximum acceleration of surge, sway and heave has downward trends with the increase of draft, but the change range decreased gradually with the increase of draft. When the draft is 5.0 m(the ratio of draft to bucket height is 0.56), the towing dynamic responses achieve the maximum, which is not conducive to the towing of the platform. When the draft is 6.0 m(the ratio of draft to bucket height is 0.67), the towing dynamic responses are the most stable. 相似文献
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A member of the programme staff of the International Institute for Educational Planning since 1988. Her principal research themes are education policy and the development of human resources, the role of examinations, and the administration and management of teachers. Main publications include:Stratégies d'innovations technologiques et politiques éducatives en France, en RFA et au Royaume-Uni [Strategies for innovative technology and educational policies in France, the Federal Republic of Germany and the United Kingdom] (1989) and (with F. Caillods and K. Lewin)Science education provision at secondary level: planning and policy issues [forthcoming]. 相似文献
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Despite the wide use of peer assessment, questions about the helpfulness of peer feedback are frequently raised. In particular, it is unknown whether, how and to what extent peer feedback can help solve problems in initial texts in complex writing tasks. We investigated this research gap by focusing on the case of writing literature reviews in an academic writing course. The dataset includes two drafts from 21 students, sampled to represent a wide range of document qualities, and 84 anonymous peer reviews, involving 1,289 idea units. Our study revealed that: (1) at both substance and high prose levels, drafts of all quality levels demonstrated more common problems on advanced writing issues (e.g. counter-argument); (2) peer feedback was driven by difficulty of the problem rather than overall draft quality, peer comments were not well aligned with the relative frequency of problems, more comments were given to less difficult problems; (3) peer feedback had a moderate impact on revision, and importantly, receiving multiple comments on the same issue led to more repairs and improvement of draft quality, but consistent with the comments received, authors tended to fix basic problems more often. Implications for practice and research are drawn from these findings. 相似文献
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Vivien Rolfe 《British journal of educational technology : journal of the Council for Educational Technology》2011,42(4):701-710
New students face the challenge of making a smooth transition between school and university, and with regards to academic practice, there are often gaps between student expectations and university requirements. This study supports the use of the plagiarism detection service Turnitin to give students instant feedback on essays to help improve academic literacy. A student cohort (n = 76) submitted draft essays to Turnitin and received instruction on how to interpret the ‘originality report’ themselves for feedback. The impact of this self‐service approach was analysed by comparing the writing quality and incidence of plagiarism in draft and final essays, and comparing the results to a previous cohort (n = 80) who had not used Turnitin formatively. Student and staff perceptions were explored by interview and questionnaire. Using Turnitin formatively was viewed positively by staff and students, and although the incidence of plagiarism did not reduce because of a worsening of referencing and citation skills, the approach encouraged students to develop their writing. To conclude, students were positive of their experience of using Turnitin. Further work is required to understand how to use the self‐service approach more effectively to improve referencing and citation, and narrow the gap between student expectations and university standards. 相似文献