共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
历史学的学科性质,是艺术,还是科学?在20世纪初期,中国史学家就这一问题展开讨论,李大钊很早就开始关注与思考这一史学理论中最基本而且很重要的理论问题。在近代中国,李大钊是对于历史学的学科性质问题论述较早,也较为成熟的史学家。李大钊关于历史学特有性质的论述,是他史学思想中的一个重要内容。否认历史学不具有科学性的一些人,往往是从否认历史发展无规律可循立论的。李大钊关于历史学性质的论述也是对这一不正确的认识的积极回应。李大钊坚定地指出:"史学之当为一种科学,在今日已无疑义。"李大钊在坚持历史学的学科性质是科学的同时,也承认在具体的历史研究过程中存在艺术性的工作。历史学研究含有艺术性的工作和历史学是艺术是两回事。历史研究中所体现的这种艺术性是工作层面的事情,并不等同于学科层面。 相似文献
2.
Nilmara Braga Mozzer 《International Journal of Science Education》2013,35(3):429-458
Analogies are parts of human thought. From them, we can acquire new knowledge or change that which already exists in our cognitive structure. In this sense, understanding the analogical reasoning process becomes an essential condition to understand how we learn. Despite the importance of such an understanding, there is no general agreement in cognitive science literature about this issue. In this study, we investigated students' analogical reasoning as a creative process where an environment was set up to foster the students' generating and explaining their own analogies. Data were gathered from pre- and post-teaching interviews, in which the 13–14-year-old students were asked to make comparisons that could explain how atoms are bound. Such data supported the discussion about how students reasoned analogically. Our results made it evident that the task aims and the students' salient knowledge exerted a great influence on the drawing of analogies. 相似文献
3.
新世纪高素质旅游管理人才培养与高等旅游教育改革 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
陈国生 《临沂师范学院学报》2003,25(6):5-8
新世纪的社会是全球信息化和市场化的高科技社会．面向21世纪培养高素质的旅游管理人才是高等教育改革面临的重大问题．旅游管理专业同样面临着如何培养面向21世纪高素质人才的严峻挑战．因此应从德育品格、课程结构、个性发展、教学内容、师资队伍和教学方法与手段等6个方面推进21世纪旅游教育的改革． 相似文献
4.
张珊珠 《忻州师范学院学报》2011,27(6):77-80
进入21世纪以后,我国的改革发展面临新的问题和挑战,如何正确和科学地认识和处理新世纪出现的宗教问题,为改革发展的大局服务,成为一项极其重要的课题。文章通过对我国学界近十年来"宗教鸦片论"研究的回顾与思考,在总结、归纳这一阶段"鸦片论"研究的特点、存在分歧的基础上,对其下一时期的研究前景进行了预期和展望。 相似文献
5.
新世纪高素质旅游管理人才培养与高等旅游教育改革 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
陈国生 《衡阳师范学院学报》2002,23(3):124-127
新世纪的社会是全球信息化和市场化的高科技社会。面向21世纪培养高素质的旅游管理人才是高等教育改革面临的重大问题，旅游管理专业同样面临着如何培养向21世纪高素质人才的严峻挑战。从德育品格、课程结构、个性发展、教学内容、师资队伍和教学方法与手段等6个方面探讨21世纪旅游教育的改革问题。 相似文献
6.
This paper proposes a new interpretation of John Stuart Mill's notion of utility, which is used to provide a utilitarian justification for an eclectic, rather than a vocational, education. Vocational education is strongly promoted in recent policy documents, which makes it important to raise the question of justification. Many existing interpretations of Mill's utilitarianism argue for a hierarchy of pleasures. Although this enables one to justify an eclectic education, it is an interpretation that could be dismissed as ‘un‐utilitarian’. This paper proposes an alternative interpretation of Mill's notion of utility as a hierarchy of preferences. Our interpretation not only provides grounds for justifying an eclectic or critical education, it is also consistent with utilitarianism as an ethical theory. The paper also shows how the resultant curricula will better support democracy and participation in civil society. 相似文献
7.
LES WATSON 《European Journal of Education》2007,42(2):255-263
Could it be that in our excitement about e‐learning we forgot about buildings? With the advent of the personal computer and ubiquitous networks were we enticed into thinking that they would suffice and learning would follow removing the need for places and communities for learners? We now seem to have woken up, however, as there is an enormous resurgence of interest in new building in Universities, Schools and Colleges — a real opportunity to ‘build’ our learning futures. But if the interest is just in building then it's an opportunity lost. However, if it is about transformation, place and community we could create the connected learning society, both physically and virtually, that we aspire to. New 21st century buildings and refurbished spaces should reflect our educational approaches and philosophies and, even more importantly, they should not disable tomorrow's possibilities. The buildings that we build today can prevent us from doing what tomorrow might become the dominant ways of working and learning. Our buildings should combine educational ideas, with imaginative technology and architecture to create the learning futures we wish to see. The Saltire Centre at Glasgow Caledonian University, which opened in January 2006, started from the premise of a building that is flexible and does not disable the future. The building, through its variety of spaces, embraces learner differences and supports a concept of learning as a social process putting human social interaction and conversation at its heart. This article uses the Saltire Centre as a case study to illustrate how some current key ideas in educational thinking can influence the learning facilities that we provide. 相似文献
8.
Michael W. Apple 《British Journal of Sociology of Education》2002,23(4):607-616
In this article, I focus on some of the ways Basil Bernstein's positions can help us understand the question of the relative autonomy of the school and of the 'class belongingness' of its cultural dynamics. In the process, I show how this differentiation of various social fields of power and of the complex ways in which class relations work within them enables a considerably more subtle perspective on 'who controls what' and on what that 'what' actually is. I also argue that we cannot fully answer the question of whether schools can 'create a new social order' unless we unpack the relations of outside to inside, of what constitutes the inside, and especially of what the specific power relations are both within what Bernstein calls 'the symbolic field' and between it and 'the field of production' and the 'field of the state'. Of particular importance here is the notion of the 'pedagogic device', Bernstein's apparatus for demonstrating the specific cultural configuration that enables us to uncover 'why things stay the same' and how they might be different. For Bernstein, the issue became not only explaining change, but also explaining what he saw as the remarkable stability and similarity of education among different political economies. I use as an example the pedagogic device in one specific nation and demonstrate how we can employ it to more rigorously focus our attention on the possible effects education itself has. 相似文献
9.
《Educational Philosophy and Theory》2013,45(10):1020-1034
The idea that science teaching in schools should prepare the ground for society's future technical and scientific progress has played an important role in shaping modern education. This idea, however, was not always present. In this article, I examine how this idea first emerged in educational thought. Early in the 17th century, Francis Bacon asserted that the study of nature should serve to improve living conditions for all members of society. Although influential, Bacon's idea was not easily assimilated by educational thinkers who remained committed to the traditional aims of teaching about nature. Yet in the second half of the 18th century a change has occurred; educational thinkers started to embrace Baconian ideas and therefore argued that science teaching should be oriented towards generating future scientific progress. Analysing the work of 18th century French and British educational thinkers, this article links the emergence of this new view to developments in the understanding of natural philosophy and to a rising interest in it. It is argued, however, that in themselves, these developments could not adequately explain why Baconian ideas started to influence educational theory in the time in which they did. It is maintained that the incorporation of Baconian ideas into educational thought resulted from a fundamental theoretical shift in the understanding of the role of education itself. 相似文献
10.
Andrea P. Goldin Laura Pezzatti Antonio M. Battro Mariano Sigman 《Mind, Brain, and Education》2011,5(4):180-185
Two thousand four hundred years ago Socrates gave a remarkable lesson of geometry, perhaps the first detailed record of a pedagogical method in vivo in history [ Plato. (2008) . Apología de Sócrates. Menón. Crátilo. Madrid: Alianza Editorial]. Socrates asked Meno's slave 50 questions requiring simple additions or multiplications. At the end of the lesson the student discovered by himself how to duplicate a square using the diagonal of the given one as the side of the new square. We studied empirically the reproducibility of this dialogue in educated adults and adolescents of the 21st century. Our results show a remarkable agreement between Socratic and empiric dialogues. Even in questions in which Meno's slave made a mistake, within an unbounded number of possible erred responses, the vast majority of participants produced the same error as Meno's slave. Our results show that the Socratic dialogue is built on a strong intuition of human knowledge and reasoning which persists more than 24 centuries after its conception, providing one of the most striking demonstrations of universality across time and cultures. At the same time, they also emphasize its educational failure. After following every single question including Socrates' “diagonal argument,” almost 50% of the participants failed to learn the simplest generalization when asked to double the area of a square of different size. 相似文献
11.
ANDERS SCHINKEL DORET J. DE RUYTER AHARON AVIRAM 《Journal of Philosophy of Education》2016,50(3):398-418
There are deep connections between education and the question of life's meaning, which derive, ultimately, from the fact that, for human beings, how to live—and therefore, how to raise one's children—is not a given but a question. One might see the meaning of life as constitutive of the meaning of education, and answers to the question of life's meaning might be seen as justifying (a particular form of) education. Our focus, however, lies on the contributory relation: our primary purpose is to investigate whether and how education might contribute to children's ability to find meaning in life or at least deal with the question. This issue is not only theoretically interesting (though relatively neglected)—it also has practical urgency. For people have a need for meaning that, if unfulfilled, leads to personal and potentially social crises—a need that often expresses itself first and strongly in adolescence; and there are reasons to have doubts about the contribution of today's traditional formal education system to the meaningfulness of children's (and future adults’) lives. We argue for the importance of frameworks of values, as well as for a greater emphasis on the affective dimension of meaning, though we reject pure subjectivism. The underlying purpose of this article, however, is not to argue for a particular comprehensive position, but to persuade philosophers of education of the importance of the issue of life's meaning in thinking about education today. 相似文献
12.
Brian J. Caldwell 《School Effectiveness & School Improvement》2013,24(4):475-499
Starting from developments at the turn of the century, this article describes how events in the early years of the new millennium lead to quite different outcomes for schools. Decisions in the next 5 years will determine which shall prevail. Scenarios are tested against a view of 'world class schools' that calls for a balance of enduring values in the classical formulation of liberty, equality and fraternity, the realisation of which depends on two contemporary values of efficiency and economic growth. Domains for leadership to 2020 and beyond are described. Peter Drucker's challenge to see 'abandonment' as an aspect of leadership is taken up. 相似文献
13.
Zornitsa D. Keremidchieva 《Quarterly Journal of Speech》2020,106(3):299-309
ABSTRACT The function and meaning of voting can vary across political systems. Despite its diffusion as a norm alongside the global spread of political liberalism in the post-colonial period, women's franchise continues to expose key fault lines in the foundations of democratic theory. Recalling the Third Comintern's debates and activities in the aftermath of World War I, this paper explores how gender organized the left's critiques of bourgeois parliamentarism and its imperial tendencies in the early twentieth century. It draws particular attention to how, in the context of global anti-capitalist and anti-colonial struggles, the woman suffrage issue juxtaposed the promises and premises of bourgeois and proletarian internationalism, the democratic potential and limits of electoral systems and their political alternative, the soviet. From these experiences, this paper highlights the radical challenge that gender poses to the development of alternative democratic imaginations. 相似文献
14.
Marc Clarà 《教育心理学家》2017,52(1):50-62
Although current interpretations of Vygotsky's theory largely assume that instruction pushes development, the issue of how this occurs has yet to be clarified. For example, the notion of “zone of proximal development” has aroused strong disagreement, and the common conceptualization of the notion of “nonspontaneous concept” has been widely recognized as unsatisfactory. This article proposes a new interpretation of Vygotsky's theory of cultural development, closely based on Vygotsky's writings, that clarifies why and how instruction pushes development and resignifies the notions of zone of proximal development and nonspontaneous concept. The article introduces important nuances into the widely held interpretations of Vygotsky's theory and discusses some of the implications of these nuances for research and practice in educational psychology. 相似文献
15.
The treatment of pendulum motion in early 18th century Newtonian textbooks is quite different to what we find in today's physics textbooks and is based on presuppositions and mathematical techniques which are not widely used today. In spite of a desire to present Newton's new philosophy of nature as found in his Principia 18th century textbook analysis of pendulum motion appears to owe more to Galileo's insights than to those of Newton. The following case study outlines this analysis and identifies some of its distinctive features as a resource for teachers wishing to refer to this period in the history of science. 相似文献
16.
政府对私立教育的财政资助问题是各国教育政策的一个重要内容。20世纪30年代以来,伴随美国政府对私立中小学进行财政资助的政策尝试,逐步开启法院对该类政策的合法性审查。在近百年的财政资助诉讼史中,美国联邦最高法院对该类政策的态度经历了完全禁止—开始允许—严格限制—摇摆不定—积极资助的发展轨迹,逐渐形成了以“莱蒙检验”为框架、以“中立性”准则为重心、以“儿童受益”准则和“支持检验”为辅助的多元审查体系。其“以学生为中心”、尊重家长“教育选择”和“平等”的价值理念,以及资助的内容和实现方式均具有重要的启示意义。 相似文献
17.
Jürgen Oelkers 《课程研究杂志》2013,45(6):679-698
The concept of 'modern education' is directly connected with Rousseau's theory of education. It is often said that Rousseau 'founded' modern education, or at least was its most influential predecessor. The paper argues that 'modern learning' or 'experimental education' was discussed within the late-17 th century 'quarrel of the ancients and moderns'. After this historically important debate, education and learning could be connected with the open experience of modern science. When compared to this tradition, Rousseau was not a modern writer. His concept of education has been far too paradoxical to serve as a groundwork for what was considered to be 'modern' or 'progressive education' at the end of the 19 th century. The image of progressive education was strengthened by child psychology, especially by theories of learning and development. Rousseau's stoic concept of 'negative education' is in many respects the opposite to such a viewpoint. 相似文献
18.
Gregory Lewis Bynum 《Educational theory》2012,62(2):185-201
In this essay Gregory Bynum seeks to show that Immanuel Kant's thought, which was conceived in an eighteenth‐century context of new, and newly widespread, pressures for nationally institutionalized human rights–based regimes (the American and French revolutions being the most prominent examples), can help us think in new and appreciative ways about how to approach human rights education more effectively in our own time. Kant's discussion of moral experience features prominently in Bynum's analysis, which emphasizes the following: Kant's conception of a Categorical Imperative to treat humanity as an end in itself; his conscious avoidance of, and his discussion of the necessity of avoiding, the limitations of empiricist and rationalist extremes of thought; and his discussion of moral experience in interrelated individual, community, and global aspects. Bynum demonstrates the usefulness of Kant's approach by using it as a lens through which to appreciatively examine a Japanese‐born university professor's account of her ultimately successful effort to teach American students about U.S.‐instigated human rights violations abroad. 相似文献
19.
兰岚 《河北能源职业技术学院学报》2009,9(3):10-12
中国传统文化的现代化转换,是我国新世纪文化建设中的一个重要问题。本文论述了中国传统文化与现代化既相互冲突又相互融合的关系,中国传统文化要实现科学而又合理的、代表先进文化与和谐文化方向的现代化转化,就必须以马克思主义为指导,选择性继承吸收传统文化,广泛吸取全人类优秀文化成果;对传统文化进行结构性转换,从而实现综合创新,创建中国特色的社会主义新文化。 相似文献
20.
The practice of reading is rapidly moving from print to screen. Young children are not immune from this trend; indeed, many children's principal literacy experiences occur using iPads and other handheld digital devices. This transition raises important questions about how the emergence and development of literacy might change in these new environments. This paper reviews research to date on e-reading, both in the pre-tablet and tablet era, within the context of what we know more generally about literacy development. We then propose topics for future research and discuss methodological issues related to the investigation of these topics. Our goal is to spark further discussion about how to study young children's literacy development in the emerging e-reading era. 相似文献