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1.
A. J. M. Shafiul Alam Bhuiyan 《The Information Society》2004,20(4):269-278
The concept of universal access, which originated in the United States, is now part of the telecommunications policy frameworks of many developing countries. This article uses the case of Bangladesh as a vehicle for examining the transferability of the universal service concept to developing countries. The analysis suggests that liberalization and privatization of the telecommunications sector policies pushed by the World Trade Organization (WTO), the World Bank, and other international agencies, will not by themselves create universal access in countries with rudimentary urban-centric networks. The policymakers need to incorporate build-out obligations when licensing operators and also develop cross-subsidy mechanisms even though they are now out of fashion in the industrialized world. 相似文献
2.
Christina Courtright 《The Information Society》2013,29(5):345-356
The World Bank has been the largest multilateral source of rural telecommunications financing in developing countries since the mid-1960s. This article analyzes World Bank-sponsored studies of rural telecommunications initiatives in Chile, Peru, Indonesia, Bangladesh, and Malaysia to identify which lessons the bank draws from them and recommends for other countries. The World Bank's preference for a “best practice” approach in its research leads it to attribute successes and failures to a narrow scope of factors that tend to agree with its economic policy priorities. Instead, rural telecommunications practices should be analyzed within their broader socio-institutional and cultural contexts in order to enable cross-situational applications, and a broad array of stakeholders should be involved in shaping the lessons learned. 相似文献
3.
Christina Courtright 《The Information Society》2004,20(5):345-356
The World Bank has been the largest multilateral source of rural telecommunications financing in developing countries since the mid-1960s. This article analyzes World Bank-sponsored studies of rural telecommunications initiatives in Chile, Peru, Indonesia, Bangladesh, and Malaysia to identify which lessons the bank draws from them and recommends for other countries. The World Bank's preference for a “best practice” approach in its research leads it to attribute successes and failures to a narrow scope of factors that tend to agree with its economic policy priorities. Instead, rural telecommunications practices should be analyzed within their broader socio-institutional and cultural contexts in order to enable cross-situational applications, and a broad array of stakeholders should be involved in shaping the lessons learned. 相似文献
4.
Joseph Becker 《The Information Society》2013,29(3):83-92
Abstract Long‐distance education is now possible because of advancements and improvements in international telecommunications. This paper sets forth the concept of a “University of the World” in which students use computers, radio, and television to take courses in their chosen discipline and, in return, receive course credit and even academic degrees. The author describes the concept, its educational goals and objectives, the availability of courseware, the impact of global instructional technology, and questions of cost and technological capability. The organization, governance, funding, and operation of the University of the World are also described, including remarks on the benefits of membership and the functional value as seen from the student's perspective. 相似文献
5.
Leah A. Lievrouw 《The Information Society》2000,16(2):155-159
This essay focuses on universal service and the Internet as means to support social and political participation. The emphasis on access to telecommunications systems in conventional approaches to universal service is contrasted with access to content. A model of the information environment is described that accounts for the roles of content and conduit, both of which are necessary conditions to achieve true access. A method is outlined for employing information indicators to observe or measure the information environment. 相似文献
6.
Corporate governance and technological dynamism of Chinese firms in mobile telecommunications: A quantitative study 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This paper sets out two frameworks, one for measuring static and dynamic technological capability in developing countries, one for predicting the effects on this of finance and corporate governance characteristics, and applies them together to Chinese mobile telecommunications manufacturing. Hypotheses on the effect of access to finance, ownership type and other corporate governance factors on capability are generated and tested on survey data for this industry. It is found that ownership type matters, but government's influence over management selection, matters more. Semi-privatised firms with arms-length relationships to government are most dynamic. 相似文献
7.
Sharon Eisner Gillett 《The Information Society》2000,16(2):147-149
The current universal service policies for the Internet focus almost entirely on physical connectivity. This emphasis is misplaced because the Internet is an overlay network that rides piggyback on the existing telecommunications infrastructure. The focus instead should be on Internet services and the end-user equipment and training needed to access them. 相似文献
8.
In Europe, universal service developed within a public-service-oriented institutional framework. The historical conflicts that produced these institutional arrangements are still important for national policymaking. Furthermore, the level of technological development and integration in the European Union forms the context in which decisions concerning universal service are made. Our analysis of telecommunications policies in three small European countries - Denmark, the Netherlands, and Norway - shows that business actors are well networked and press for a minimal definition of universal services, whereas those actors promoting an extended definition seem to be less coordinated and therefore less successful. Hence it is unlikely that universal services will be defined more extensively in the future. 相似文献
9.
法治指数作为对法治的一种量化,对法治的进步具有重要的现实意义。世界正义工程（WJP）的法治指数是立足于法治的普遍性价值理念追求,对全球法治进行的一种量化与横向对比,因而该法治指数具有普遍性的特征。但是当前各国法治发展并不平衡,经济、文化、传统也存在由很大差异,因此提出在法治指数的构建上应该具有特殊性。以我国为例,就是要构建中国化的法治指数。文章通过探讨法治指数的普遍性与特殊性的存在基础,同时结合中国法治的特点,力求在法治指数的构建上突出中国的特色。 相似文献
10.
Jane Bortnick 《The Information Society》2013,29(2):157-170
Abstract The developing countries, although not homogeneous, share a growing recognition of the importance of information technology for fostering the development process. Rapid advancements in computer and telecommunications technologies offer new opportunities for improved resource management and for the successful employment of these tools in rural areas. Although developing nations have responded enthusiastically to the advantages of modem information technology, they are equally cognizant of the negative impact that reliance on foreign technology and services may have. As a result, developing countries are taking a number of actions—at the national, regional, and international levels—to ensure their active participation in the emerging Information Age. 相似文献
11.
Daniel J. Paré 《The Information Society》2013,29(2):123-134
The potential of public Internet-based B2B (business-to-business) e-commerce applications to facilitate access to global markets and to reduce market entry barriers is a dominant theme in the burgeoning literature on e-commerce and international development. It is often assumed that these applications will enable producer firms in developing countries to benefit from reductions in the transaction costs they must incur to participate in international trade. Drawing on data from a detailed analysis of 117 B2B e-hubs in the garments/apparel and agriculture/horticulture sectors, it is argued in this article that the kinds of transaction-related support services available at these online trading platforms are more limited in their scope and functionality than is often assumed in the literature on B2B e-commerce development. The findings suggest that the mere application of, and access to, technologies such as the public Internet and the World Wide Web is not likely to enable a reduction in overall transaction costs that is sufficient to facilitate entry into new global markets by developing country producer firms. 相似文献
12.
Daniel J. Par 《The Information Society》2003,19(2):123-134
The potential of public Internet-based B2B (business-to-business) e-commerce applications to facilitate access to global markets and to reduce market entry barriers is a dominant theme in the burgeoning literature on e-commerce and international development. It is often assumed that these applications will enable producer firms in developing countries to benefit from reductions in the transaction costs they must incur to participate in international trade. Drawing on data from a detailed analysis of 117 B2B e-hubs in the garments/apparel and agriculture/horticulture sectors, it is argued in this article that the kinds of transaction-related support services available at these online trading platforms are more limited in their scope and functionality than is often assumed in the literature on B2B e-commerce development. The findings suggest that the mere application of, and access to, technologies such as the public Internet and the World Wide Web is not likely to enable a reduction in overall transaction costs that is sufficient to facilitate entry into new global markets by developing country producer firms. 相似文献
13.
开放存取期刊在发展中国家的分布与探析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对全球两大开放存取期刊数据库--开放存取期刊目录(Directory of Open Access Journals,DOAJ)与开放存取期刊门户(Open J-Gate)中的开放存取期刊的来源进行统计,通过揭示发展中国家开放存取期刊的国家分布,进一步探讨巴西、印度及中国等发展中国家开放存取期刊的出版状况及发展趋势. 相似文献
14.
网络产业接入定价与互联互通管制--对我国电信业互联互通问题的分析 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
随着我国电信、电力等网络产业改革的进展,互联互通问题也逐渐凸现出来。本文介绍了国外对垂直性的网络产业中互联互通管制的实践和相关的接入定价方法,并分析了目前困扰我国电信业的互联互通问题。通过分析本文认为:接入价格是实现有效互联互通的经济基础,接入价格应被设计为仅仅实现有效互联互通目标,而不能兼顾其他政策目标;过低的接入价格水平是目前电信业互联互通不畅的主要原因;我国目前应该选择以长期增量成本为基础的接入定价;在接入成本的计算方法上,应以长期增量成本法为主,短期内可以采用完全分配成本法作为一种过渡手段。 相似文献
15.
本文首先分析了国外农业发展科技支撑及其体系建设的经验借鉴,在此基础上以服务“三农”为出发点,针对我国现行区域性农业科技支撑体系存在的共性问题,研究提出了区域性农业科技支撑体系建设的目标、总体思路、基本原则、一般性框架和总体运行机制。 相似文献
16.
文章分析广西农业信息网信息发布概况,以中文互联网数据统计分析第三方服务提供商CNZZ开发的数据采集统计平台为依托,随机选择了2012年5月广西农业信息网的用户访问搜索的关键字、应用的搜索工具、使用的访问终端、网络服务接入商、访问来源、访问深度、访问时段、访问来路等九个统计指标进行调查,分析了广西农业信息网用户访问行为的特征,得出以下几个结论:一是广西农业信息网用户以百度、搜狗、谷歌、腾讯为等主渠道进行信息的定位搜索;二是广西农业信息网终端用户手机用户约占1.95%,电脑用户占98%以上,农村地区移动互联网应用处于起步阶段;三是用户通过电信、电信通、网通、移动等运营商提供网络通讯服务的用户累计占到98%以上;四是广西本地网民是关注广西农业信息网的主体,占到接近60%;六是网民对于广西农业信息网的关注多为简单获取信息进行浅层访问;七是网站日流量呈现出明显的工作日流量大节假日流量小的趋势,访问以工作时间为主.提出了优化政府信息网站的7个方面的建议. 相似文献
17.
在建设信息化社会的过程中,国外一些国家或地区电信业出现了政府部门重掌其发展规划、投资建议、并与私营部门合作经营的新趋势。本文介绍了荷兰、意大利、澳大利亚和新西兰电信业采用公私合作的做法,总结了国外电信业公私合作的特征,并结合中国电信业的现状,分析了国外电信业公私合作做法对中国电信业的启示,以期对中国的信息化建设提供借鉴。 相似文献
18.
This article argues that an enlightened, inclusive vision of universal service is possible by learning lessons from disability. Telecommunications policy has historically built in norms that needlessly exclude people who are regarded as having a disability and therefore being outside of the mainstream. Accordingly, universal service policies focus on availability and affordability of telecommunications services, rather than on their accessibility and functionality. The article shows how rethinking universal service through disability can lead to inclusive policies that benefit everybody. 相似文献
19.
Ben A. Petrazzini Girija Krishnaswamy 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):3-18
Telecommunications restructuring have evolved differently in Asia and Latin America. While Asian governments have moved cautiously in bringing changes to the sector, Latin American nations have implemented radical ownership and market transformations. The Indian telecommunications reform falls in between these two general regional trends. The choice of a high component of competition, increased private participation, and no privatization of the national carrier set conditions that will trigger unique socioeconomic effects. This article identifies and highlights the likely implications of the Indian reform on key economic and social issues, such as the cost of services, cross-subsidies, network interconnection, private investments, universal services, employment, and the possible rise of an information-intensive economy. It does so by comparing and contrasting the Indian experience with dominant reform strategies elsewhere in the developing world. 相似文献
20.
Milton L. Mueller 《The Information Society》1996,12(3):273-292
Ethnographic methods and geographic information systems were used to investigate the extent, causes and consequences of telephone disconnection in Camden, NJ. The results have significant implications for public policies intended to promote universal telephone penetration. Universal service is usually perceived as an issue for rural areas and the elderly, but the most extensive pockets of low telephone penetration are found in inner cities, where the problem is associated with the young, the transient, and ethnic minorities. The basic monthly rate paid by subscribers is usually thought to be the most important factor affecting affordability, but the data suggest that most marginal users are driven off the network by usage-related costs, and more generally by the problem of credit-worthiness. Given prevailing consumption patterns in low-income urban areas, 'electronic redlining' seems less of a threat than that poor Americans will, upon exposure to the advanced features of the national information infrastructure (NII), buy services that they cannot afford. Intellectuals and policy analysts value telephone service more than cable television service, but residents of inner cities frequently do not agree with this evaluation. In reformulating universal service policy, we must take account of the growing heterogeneity of telecommunications services, and keep in mind the importance of credit risk as a factor affecting the public's ability to access and use telecommunication networks. 相似文献