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1.
International Differences in Information Privacy Concerns: A Global Survey of Consumers 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Steven Bellman Eric J. Johnson Stephen J. Kobrin Gerald L. Lohse 《The Information Society》2004,20(5):313-324
We examine three possible explanations for differences in Internet privacy concerns revealed by national regulation: (1) These differences reflect and are related to differences in cultural values described by other research; (2) these differences reflect differences in Internet experience; or (3) they reflect differences in the desires of political institutions without reflecting underlying differences in privacy preferences. Using a sample of Internet users from 38 countries matched against the Internet population of the United States, we find support for (1) and (2), suggesting the need for localized privacy policies. Privacy concerns decline with Internet experience. Controlling for experience, cultural values were associated with differences in privacy concerns. These cultural differences are mediated by regulatory differences, although new cultural differences emerge when differences in regulation are harmonized. Differences in regulation reflect but also shape country differences. Consumers in countries with sectoral regulation have less desire for more privacy regulation. 相似文献
2.
Informational privacy, data mining, and the Internet 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
Herman T. Tavani 《Ethics and Information Technology》1999,1(2):137-145
Privacy concerns involving data mining are examined in terms of four questions: (1) What exactly is data mining? (2) How does data mining raise concerns for personal privacy? (3) How do privacy concerns raised by data mining differ from those concerns introduced by ‘traditional’ information-retrieval techniques in computer databases? (4) How do privacy concerns raised by mining personal data from the Internet differ from those concerns introduced by mining such data from ‘data warehouses?’ It is argued that the practice of using data-mining techniques, whether on the Internet or in data warehouses, to gain information about persons raises privacy concerns that (a) go beyond concerns introduced in traditional information-retrieval techniques in computer databases and (b) are not covered by present data-protection guidelines and privacy laws. 相似文献
3.
信息通讯技术(ICT)的迅速发展使得人们可以通过微博、即时通信软件(IM)、手机终端应用及社交网络(SNS)来发布个人真实信息,网络将以往零散的碎片信息整合成完整的个体信息,造成隐私泄露现象日益严重。本文总结了个体隐私泄露的渠道和类别,通过访谈研究,分析了个体隐私感知风险以及个体隐私保护行为特征:个体特征差异(受教育水平、网络经验)导致隐私关注差异;信息关联及商业价值在不同程度上与隐私关注的变化相关;隐私关注对感知隐私风险产生影响;个体隐私保护行为(常规保护、技术保护)因隐私风险感知不同而发生变化。在此基础上,构建了个体隐私感知与保护行为模型。 相似文献
4.
Stephen Coleman 《Ethics and Information Technology》2006,8(1):17-27
This paper discusses privacy and the monitoring of e-mail in the context of the international nature of the modern world. Its three main aims are: (1) to highlight the problems involved in discussing an essentially philosophical question within a legal framework, and thus to show that providing purely legal answers to an ethical question is an inadequate approach to the problem of privacy on the Internet; (2) to discuss and define what privacy in the medium of the Internet actually is; and (3) to apply a globally acceptable ethical approach of international human rights to the problem of privacy on the Internet, and thus to answer the question of what is and is not morally permissible in this area, especially in light of recent heightened concerns about terrorist activities. It concludes that the monitoring of e-mail is, at least in the vast majority of cases, an unjustified infringement of the right to privacy, even if this monitoring is only aimed at preventing the commission of acts of terrorism. 相似文献
5.
Based on the Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM), this study identifies the differences between perceived privacy risks and privacy concern. Furthermore, the study analyses how perceived privacy risks and privacy concerns affect the disclosure intention and the actual information disclosure behavior of Internet users. In addition, the study discusses the moderating effects of platform types, from the perspective of privacy elaboration likelihood. By applying meta-analyses and SEM on 104 independent studies with 42,256 samples from existing empirical studies, we attempt to systematically reveal the relationship between privacy cognition and information disclosure. The results show that perceived privacy risks can significantly reduce personal information disclosure intention, as well as actual information disclosure behavior. However, privacy concerns only affect disclosure intention, but do not have a significant effect on actual information disclosure behavior. The study also verified that platform types have moderating effects on the privacy decision making of Internet users. The findings yield important and useful implications, both for research and for practice. 相似文献
6.
通过对相关文献的回顾,本文对国际网络隐私研究进行了计量分析,发现现有的研究主题集中在"基于移动位置服务的隐私问题研究"、"隐私保护算法研究"、"隐私保护技术研究"、"云计算的隐私安全研究"、"网络隐私权限控制研究"、"社交网站和电子商务中的用户隐私态度与行为研究"、"青少年敏感信息的隐私与安全保护研究"、"数据公开共享策略与国家治理研究"8个方面。研究发现当前研究中存在"利用数据纵向分析网络隐私主题随时间发展变化的研究较少"、"对于一些发展中国家的隐私问题关注度较低"、"国家的治理与业界的隐私政策相对独立缺乏联系"等问题,"大数据时代移动信息和社交信息挖掘过程中的隐私问题"、"在线医疗的隐私问题"等是未来研究值得关注的领域。 相似文献
7.
Jockum Hildén 《The Information Society》2017,33(3):159-171
Whether the Internet Protocol address should be seen as personal data or not remains a contested issue with regard to information privacy. This article explores the question by looking at the technical attributes of the Internet Protocol address, European Union (EU) and U.S. case law, and how the EU's advisory data protection body, the Article 29 Working Party, and some of the world's most influential information and communication technology (ICT) companies consider the IP address. The notion of contextual integrity is then used to show that information privacy regulation must stipulate concrete technical mandates instead of guiding principles, contrary to the ideal of technology neutrality in Internet regulation. 相似文献
8.
《International Journal of Information Management》2016,36(5):735-747
Biometric technology is rapidly gaining popularity as an access control mechanism in the workplace. In some instances, systems relying on biometric technology for access control have not been well received by employees. One potential reason for resistance may be perceived privacy issues associated with organizational collection and use of biometric data. This research draws on previous organizational information handling and procedural fairness literature to frame and examine these underlying privacy issues. Perceived accountability, perceived vulnerability, and distrust were distilled from the previous literature as the primary dimensions of employee privacy concerns related to biometric technology. This study assesses the effects of these privacy concerns, how they vary based on the cultural influences of Anglos and Hispanics.Fire ground accountability is a critical management objective in the firefighting domain. In multi-unit or multi-agency crisis response scenarios, the on-scene incident commander tracks and accounts for each first responder. This research designed and deployed a new fire ground accountability system that tracked firefighters through finger pattern-based biometric logins to their assigned positions on the firefighting apparatus. An instrument measuring level of privacy concern on three underlying dimensions and demographic data was developed, validated and administered in a quasi-experimental field study. A pre-test–post-test survey methodology was employed to detect potential differences in privacy concerns as familiarity with the system increased. The study shows that Anglo and Hispanic subjects frame privacy issues differently associated with use of biometric technology in a fire ground accountability system. Finally, the study showed that some privacy concerns such as distrust and perceived vulnerability can be alleviated through system use with changes in post-use privacy concerns moderated by ethnic affiliation. 相似文献
9.
Privacy is a serious concern to radio frequency identification (RFID) technology. Worldwide, several companies scrapped RFID projects because of high resistance from consumers and their advocacy groups – which actually demand RFID-specific privacy policies. This concern is even more acute when RFID is used in public applications; because, in general case, citizens cannot refuse to provide data, and the data collected by a government agency would offer serious threats if are shared among third parties. Limited research has been performed in this specific issue; they all agree that perceived privacy increased RFID acceptance. But, what drives privacy perceptions are yet to be researched – this study closes this research gap. In order to conduct the current research, mixed method of research approach has been adopted. In the qualitative research stage, the authors conducted two focused-group discussion sessions and eight in-depth interviews in two different countries: Australia and Bangladesh; arguing that the status, and the perceptions and tolerance of the citizens on privacy are different in these two regions. The explored factors have been examined with empirical data obtained from these two countries. It is found that, there are distinct differences in perceptions in developed and developing countries. The detail findings offer practical suggestions to the agency managers so that they can ensure better privacy of the citizens. As a significant theoretical contribution, this study enhances existing literature identifying the antecedents of privacy, which play even different roles in different cultural backgrounds. 相似文献
10.
Abstract Analyses of attitudes and concerns about privacy from a national survey sample of 1,532 adult Americans in 1988 revealed several separate dimensions. A modification of Tryon's method of clustering variables (third‐order correlations) yielded groups of variables whose meanings were much more interpretable than they had been when factor analysis was initially used. We tested the validity of the clustering by a highly comprehensive system of item analyses. The main findings were that (1) respondent concerns over telephone privacy were not related to other aspects of privacy, (2) interest in devices like Caller ID that enable recipients to know the number of the caller were not related to other aspects of telephone privacy, and (3) general privacy concerns under conditions where the respondent and the other party know each other were independent of those conditions where they do not know each other. Implications for telecommunications policy and new services are discussed. 相似文献
11.
网络行为和现实世界行为存在差异,在不同偏好和信念下的网络行为体现着不同的特征,而相应的约束和治理机制也存在差异。本文对比了各国网络行为管理模式差异,对我国的网络行为管理模式提出了建议。网络行为管理模式可以分为行业自律政府指导型和政府严格控制型两种,英美主要通过行业自律和政府服务指导实现对互联网的监管,我国主要依靠政府的规制和司法实现互联网监控,是典型的政府主导体制,存在多个部门从不同角度对互联网进行管制,而行业自律的作用较弱。未来可以更多发挥行业自律的作用,提高政府规制的开放性。 相似文献
12.
政府数据开放已经成为多学科交叉研究的热点。【目的/意义】为推进政府数据开放的降低公众隐私顾虑,
提高公众信息提供意愿。【方法/过程】本研究运用问卷调查法,同时采用相关性分析、逐步回归分析方法,从个体,
情境和平台三个层面剖析政府数据开放的公众隐私顾虑程度。【结果/结论】公众个人隐私保护教育经历越丰富,对
法律法规的满意度越高,对政府监管工作满意度越高,对政府数据开放平台的满意度越高,公众遭遇隐私侵犯经历
频率越低,其隐私顾虑程度越低。公众隐私顾虑程度越高,公众越注重保护隐私信息,公众信息披露意愿越低。【创
新/局限】本研究从公众视角出发,剖析公众隐私顾虑影响因素,探讨公众隐私顾虑对个人隐私信息提供意愿的作
用效果,从法律,监管,平台等层面,提出政府数据开放中公众隐私保护建议。 相似文献
13.
Recent privacy-related incidents of mobile services have shown that app stores and providers face the challenge of mobile users’ information privacy concerns, which can prevent users from installing mobile apps or induce them to uninstall an app. In this paper, we investigate the role of app permission requests and compare the impact on privacy concerns with other antecedents of information privacy concerns, i.e., prior privacy experience, computer anxiety, and perceived control. To test these effects empirically, we conducted an online survey with 775 participants. Results of our structural equation modeling show that prior privacy experience, computer anxiety, and perceived control have significant effects on privacy concerns. However, concerns for app permission requests have approximately twice as much predictive value than the other factors put together to explain mobile users’ overall information privacy concerns. We expect that our findings can provide a theoretical contribution for future mobile privacy research as well as practical implications for app stores and providers. 相似文献
14.
欧盟网络隐私权的法律法规保护及其启示 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
由于历史和现实的原因,欧盟十分重视保护隐私权,并通过一系列的法律法规来协调各成员国之间对网络隐私权的保护,实行以法律规制为主导的网络隐私权保护模式.该模式对包括美国在内的世界各国产生了重要的影响,我国也应积极向欧盟学习,可以先行制定专门的<网络隐私权保护条例>之类的法规,争取<中华人民共和国个人信息保护法>早日出台;同时也应借鉴美国与欧盟之间达成的<安全港口协议>,早日与欧盟达成类似的协议,促进我国的电子商务和互联网产业的发展. 相似文献
15.
KDD, data mining, and the challenge for normative privacy 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Herman T. Tavani 《Ethics and Information Technology》1999,1(4):265-273
The present study examines certain challenges that KDD (Knowledge Discovery in Databases) in general and data mining in particular pose for normative privacy and public policy. In an earlier work (see Tavani, 1999), I argued that certain applications of data-mining technology involving the manipulation of personal data raise special privacy concerns. Whereas the main purpose of the earlier essay was to show what those specific privacy concerns are and to describe how exactly those concerns have been introduced by the use of certain KDD and data-mining techniques, the present study questions whether the use of those techniques necessarily violates the privacy of individuals. This question is considered vis-à-vis a recent theory of privacy advanced by James Moor (1997). The implications of that privacy theory for a data-mining policy are also considered. 相似文献
16.
Current uses of robots in classrooms are reviewed and used to characterise four scenarios: (s1) Robot as Classroom Teacher; (s2) Robot as Companion and Peer; (s3) Robot as Care-eliciting Companion; and (s4) Telepresence Robot Teacher. The main ethical concerns associated with robot teachers are identified as: privacy; attachment, deception, and loss of human contact; and control and accountability. These are discussed in terms of the four identified scenarios. It is argued that classroom robots are likely to impact children’s’ privacy, especially when they masquerade as their friends and companions, when sensors are used to measure children’s responses, and when records are kept. Social robots designed to appear as if they understand and care for humans necessarily involve some deception (itself a complex notion), and could increase the risk of reduced human contact. Children could form attachments to robot companions (s2 and s3), or robot teachers (s1) and this could have a deleterious effect on their social development. There are also concerns about the ability, and use of robots to control or make decisions about children’s behaviour in the classroom. It is concluded that there are good reasons not to welcome fully fledged robot teachers (s1), and that robot companions (s2 and 3) should be given a cautious welcome at best. The limited circumstances in which robots could be used in the classroom to improve the human condition by offering otherwise unavailable educational experiences are discussed. 相似文献
17.
Jenifer Sunrise Winter 《Ethics and Information Technology》2014,16(1):27-41
The Internet of Things (IoT) is an emerging global infrastructure that employs wireless sensors to collect, store, and exchange data. Increasingly, applications for marketing and advertising have been articulated as a means to enhance the consumer shopping experience, in addition to improving efficiency. However, privacy advocates have challenged the mass aggregation of personally-identifiable information in databases and geotracking, the use of location-based services to identify one’s precise location over time. This paper employs the framework of contextual integrity related to privacy developed by Nissenbaum (Privacy in context: technology, policy, and the integrity of social life. Stanford University Press, Stanford, 2010) as a tool to understand citizen response to implementation IoT-related technology in the supermarket. The purpose of the study was to identify and understand specific changes in information practices brought about by the IoT that may be perceived as privacy violations. Citizens were interviewed, read a scenario of near-term IoT implementation, and were asked to reflect on changes in the key actors involved, information attributes, and principles of transmission. Areas where new practices may occur with the IoT were then highlighted as potential problems (privacy violations). Issues identified included the mining of medical data, invasive targeted advertising, and loss of autonomy through marketing profiles or personal affect monitoring. While there were numerous aspects deemed desirable by the participants, some developments appeared to tip the balance between consumer benefit and corporate gain. This surveillance power creates an imbalance between the consumer and the corporation that may also impact individual autonomy. The ethical dimensions of this problem are discussed. 相似文献
18.
19.
This paper deals with intercultural aspects of privacy, particularly with regard to important differences between Japanese
and the Western views. This paper is based on our discussions with Rafael Capurro – a dialogue now represented by two separate
but closely interrelated articles. The companion paper is broadly focused on the cultural and historical backgrounds of the
concepts of privacy and individualism in “Western” worlds; our main theme focuses on different concepts of privacy in Japan
and their sources in related aspects of Japanese culture. The interrelationship between our two papers is apparent in our
taking up identical or similar topics in each paper. Reading our two papers in conjunction with each other will bring about
deeper and broader insights into the diverse values and worldviews of Japan and Western cultures that underlie concepts of
privacy that at a surface level appear to be similar 相似文献
20.
Festivals are precious cultural heritage of different countries,so differentfestivals can reflect different cultures.This article discusses cultural differences in Chinese and western festivals, aiming to promote cross-culture cmmunication 相似文献