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在英语阅读中,利用上下文或句子结构猜测词义是学生必备的阅读能力之一。培养学生猜测词义的能力,不仅有助于提高阅读速度,扩大词汇量,还能增强学生学习英语的信心。笔者根据自己多年的经验,介绍几种常用的词义猜测方法。 相似文献
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本文探讨了在一般性的英语阅读过程中，如何根本收下文所提供的启示来猜测词义，以提高阅读速度和对文章的理解能力。 相似文献
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本文讨论英语阅读中阅读者遇到生词进行词义猜测这一普遍现象。猜测词义以背景知识、语篇和语法知识以及词汇知识等为前提条件。阅读者的英语水平 ,阅读目的和文章内容等多种因素决定着生词猜测的过程和结果。生词猜测的结果是一个对与错的连续体。本文根据研究结果提出了关于阅读和词汇教与学的几条建议。 相似文献
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易彦鹤 《合肥教育学院学报》2000,17(3):71-74
英语阅读是扩大词泯量，提高阅读速度，增强阅读理解能力行之有效的办法。同时要学会运用阅读技巧。根据上下文猜测词义则是行之有效的阅读技巧之一。根据上下文提供的clue或hint，运用逻辑推理及其他知识，判断或猜测词义有多种类型。Agood reader is a good guesser，根据上下文猜测判断词义，要看读者的语境、语感能力、这种能力只 有通过大量的阅读实践，才能得以发展和培养。 相似文献
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张云香 《中小学教育与管理》2006,(1):45-46
从近几年来的全国各地中考英语试题看，“阅读理解”题是英语试题中难度较大、得分率较低的题型之一，这类题体现了信息时代的特征，具有新颖、真实的特点。该项对学生的词汇量、阅读技巧和理解能力有很高要求，阅读理解中表层题（易从文章字面寻得答案）的比例很小，多数题是深层理解题，如猜测词义、数字计算、归纳段意、选择标题、推断结果、理清事件顺序、透视作者观点。每年的中考阅读理解难度都在逐步增大，要适应这样的难度，一定要加强英语阅读训练，提高自身的阅读和分析能力。 相似文献
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借助于构词法知识以及语言本身所提供的信息，判断、猜测英语阅读中所遇到的生词的词义，加快阅读速度，提高阅读能力。 相似文献
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The present study examines whether reading fluency benefits more from repeated reading of a limited set of words or from practicing
reading with many different words. A group of 37 reading delayed Dutch children repeatedly read the same 20 words with limited
exposure duration, whereas another group of 37 poor readers received the same reading exercises with 400 different words.
Results demonstrated that improvements in accuracy and speed of trained words were larger for the repeated reading group than
for the children who had only practiced with these words once. No difference in generalisation of effects to untrained neighbour
and control words was found between the two conditions. Furthermore, rapid naming skill was unrelated to improvements in reading
fluency and transfer effects in both training conditions. Results demonstrate that the practical value of repeated reading
lies in its word specific training effects. 相似文献
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The acquisition of a reading vocabulary for abstract and concrete words was examined in 62 second-grade children. Words had been learned as part of a basal reader program or as part of outside reading. Word recognition speed and reading accuracy were examined for abstract and concrete words using lexical decision and word naming tasks. The size of the concreteness effect was similar for both processing tasks. In neither task did concreteness influence reaction times, but abstract words were read with less accuracy than concrete words in both tasks. Further, these concreteness effects in reading accuracy were larger for words that were part of a basal reading program than for words acquired during free reading. We conclude that word meaning influences the entry of words at a time when children are developing a sizeable reading vocabulary. 相似文献
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The reading skills of a girl with Williams Syndrome are assessed by a timed word-naming task. To test the efficiency of lexical
and nonlexical reading, we considered four marker effects: Lexicality (better reading of words than nonwords), frequency (better
reading of high than low frequency words), length (better reading of short than long words), and contextuality (better reading
of words with one-to-one grapheme-to-phoneme mapping than words with context-sensitive graphemes). Results suggested that
this girl has failed to develop efficient orthography-to-phonology mappings and is dependent upon a lexical-semantic reading
procedure in which a word’s pronunciation is activated after its meaning is obtained. 相似文献
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Esther G. Steenbeek-Planting Wim H. J. van Bon Robert Schreuder 《Reading and writing》2013,26(9):1437-1458
The effect of two training procedures on the improvement of reading accuracy in poor readers was examined in relation to their initial reading level. A randomized controlled trial was conducted with 60 poor readers. Poor readers were assigned to a control group that received no training, or one of two training conditions. One training concentrated on the words the children read correctly (successes), the other on the words they read incorrectly (failures). They repeatedly read bisyllabic Dutch words, half of the training words involving context-sensitive spelling rules (vowel degemination or consonant gemination). Some children repeatedly read their successes, others their failures. The training used a computerized flashcards format. The exposure duration of the words was varied to maintain the accuracy rate at a constant level. In general, children who received training improved their reading accuracy and reading speed of trained words, and reading accuracy of untrained words, more than the control group. Which training focus is superior, depends on the reading level of the child and the type of words used. For children with a low initial reading level, to improve reading accuracy of bisyllabic words that follow context-sensitive spelling rules, a training focus on failures was superior over a training focus on successes. For children with a high initial reading level, improvement of reading speed was largest in a training on successes. Evidently, the improvement of word reading skills depends both on the children’s level of reading competence and on the type of training. 相似文献
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在语文教学中,教师要重视看图写话训练,通过看图写话训练培养学生的观察能力、想象能力和语言表达能力等。有效开展看图写话训练的策略包括:让学生在看图写话训练中学会观察,学会联想,学会表达自己的感想,培养学生的语言文字运用能力,看图写话训练必须贴近学生的生活实际,必须与教材相结合。 相似文献
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周红 《柳州职业技术学院学报》2013,(5):93-96
为了提高学生的阅读速度,培养其阅读的流畅性,在阅读教学中融入了15周的计时阅读训练活动.训练结果显示,在阅读生词量几乎为零的文章时,学生的阅读速度提高了30.61％,每分钟多读了30个词;阅读理解提高了25.8％.阅读生词不超过占总词量3％的文章,学生阅读速度提高了34.28％,每分钟多读了24个词.阅读理解提高了2.4％.速度和理解都获得了不同程度的提高,说明速度的提高有助于理解的增强.最重要的是,计时阅读活动提高了学生阅读的信心,扩充了其世界知识. 相似文献
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Two experiments are presented that examine how the visual characteristics of Japanese words influence eye movement behaviour
during reading. In Experiment 1, reading behaviour was compared for words comprising either one or two kanji characters. The
one-character words were significantly less likely to be fixated on first-pass, and had significantly longer overall reading
times, than the two-character words. In Experiment 2, reading behaviour was compared for two-kanji character words, for which
the first character was either visually simple or visually complex (determined by the number of strokes). Visual complexity
significantly influenced total word reading times and the probability of the individual visually simple/complex characters
being fixated on first pass. Additional analyses showed no preferred viewing position for two-kanji character words. Overall,
the study provides experimental evidence of an influence of specific visual characteristics of Japanese words on eye movement
behaviour during reading, as shown by both fixation probabilities and reading times. The findings must be explained by processing
at (or beyond) a visual level impacting on eye movement behavior during reading of Japanese text. 相似文献
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Word reading fluency, as indexed by the fast and accurate identification of single words, predicts both general reading ability and reading comprehension. This study compared the effects of context training and isolated word training on subsequent measures of word reading fluency. Good and poor readers were given 12 repetitions of two sets of words; 48 new words were learned in each condition. Words were presented in a story during context training and on a computer screen during isolated word training. Target words were read in isolation at test, randomly displayed within a series containing 72 untrained words. Results show that words trained in isolation are remembered longer and read faster when presented in isolation at test compared to words trained in context. Theoretical implications are discussed in relation to transfer appropriate processing. 相似文献
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Effects of a taped-words treatment on reading proficiency 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
In an effort to increase reading proficiency, five 9th- and 10th-grade students with behavior disorders were instructed to read along with an audio type of vocabulary words recorded at 80 words per minute. Effects of the taped-words intervention on rate of reading vocabulary words as well as generalization effects of reading passages containing some of the same vocabulary words were assessed within a multiple baseline design. Results suggested significant effects due to practice. Minimal generalization from reading word lists to reading passages was demonstrated. The results of the present study are compared with similar investigations. 相似文献
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The present study was designed to assess the development of the understanding of certain aspects of grapheme-phoneme correspondences in normally achieving and disabled readers. The correspondences rules were studied using both English words and pseudowords, the latter designed to contain the same features as the real words. The subjects were 76 normally achieving and 32 reading disabled children aged 6 to 14 years. The stimuli included words and pseudowords that tested the following: consonant blends, final e, r-influenced vowels, regular and irregular words, function words, and consistent and inconsistent vowels. When matched for chronological age, the reading disabled children performed significantly more poorly than normally achieving children on all of the tasks involving pseudowords. A similar pattern was found for the words with the exception of the highest frequency words (cvc, final e, consonant blends) at the oldest age level, 11–14 years. In this case, the performance of the oldest reading disabled children was similar to that of the normals on the words, but was still significantly poorer when the stimuli were pseudowords. Complexity and irregularity were significant determinants of difficulty. Comparisons were also made for groups of children matched on reading grade level. Even when the reading disabled and normally achieving children were matched on reading grade, the reading disabled children had significantly more difficulty, particularly with pseudowords. Reading disabled children had significant difficulty in abstracting the basic rules for grapheme-phoneme correspondences in English, and even when they have mastered these rules in connection with real words, they still had difficulty applying these rules to pseudowords. In normal development, the learning of these correspondences appears to be consolidated by approximately 9 years of age. However, reading disabled children appear to have a significant and persistent problem with the learning of basic grapheme-phoneme correspondence rules. 相似文献