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1.
Abstract

The supply of authoritative, up-to-date dictionaries expanded steadily during the 1980's, a trend that continues. At the same time the purchasing power of many libraries has seen a steady decline. Consequently, it becomes more urgent than ever for libraries of all types to receive the most quality and service for each dollar spent. One way to do this is to make a hands-on examination before purchasing reference materials. Frequently this is not possible and a literature review of the type of material under consideration can substitute. A search revealed that virtually no literature reviews of dictionaries exist. The current study seeks to begin filling this gap by selectively reviewing a portion of the business dictionaries in print.  相似文献   

2.
ABSTRACT

This work presents a study of samples of the mural painting The Allegory of the Industrial Development of São Paulo (Alegoria ao Desenvolvimento Industrial Paulista), made in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, by the artist Fulvio Pennacchi. Using transmitted light petrographic microscopy, scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry, and X-ray fluorescence, the stratigraphy, the textures, the mineralogy, and the chemical compositions of the mural were established; therefore the painting techniques, pigments, and materials applied by the artist were identified. The mural was painted with the fresco technique and variations. This technique involves the use of materials of mineral origin, both in the support and for the pigments. About the artist’s relevance, Fulvio Pennacchi is considered an important muralist of his time, being one of the pioneers in the production of frescoes in Brazil. The mural, measuring approximately 11?×?6?m, painted in 1954, was removed from where it was originally made, in consequence of a fire that affected the place. Specialized engineers transported it, and today it is stored awaiting restoration. The data presented here can support the process of restoration of the mural, as well as contribute to the improvement of protocols for the analysis of works of art, and to the historical record of mural painting techniques over time.  相似文献   

3.
ABSTRACT

3D printing of missing parts of a cultural heritage artifact opens many possibilities and extends the challenges in the processes of intervention on cultural heritage assets. However, restoring these objects may not only mean the replacement of a missing element from its esthetic point of view, but restoring the function for which objects were created. In these processes, the replica of the object must be exact and of quality, but also specific. In this sense, the presented work is a multi-disciplinary attempt to reproduce the missing horn of a phonograph dated to the late nineteenth century. This phonograph belongs to the collection of the ‘Vicente Miralles Segarra’ Telecommunication Museum of the Universitat Politècnica de València. The objective was to recover its esthetic, didactic, and functional levels, i.e restoring its ability to emit sound. To this end, several models were printed with different materials, and the quality of the recorded sound with the different horns was evaluated, assessing their similarity to that obtained from an original horn.  相似文献   

4.
《图书馆管理杂志》2013,53(3-4):335-350
Summary

Providing quality reference services is more challenging than ever. In addition to traditional print sources, the information professional now has a dazzling array of databases, both free and expensive, readily available. Internet reference service has evolved quickly over the last decade, moving from a place of last resort to a mainstream application. Librarians have responded in many innovative ways to connect their customers with information available on the Internet. However, superior Internet reference service requires substantial investments in equipment that administrators will have to consider. Staff and customer training have become pressing needs. Providing access to appropriate databases and materials will become increasingly challenging.  相似文献   

5.
《文物保护研究》2013,58(1):154-157
Abstract

The region of gold deposits in Brazil was discovered by pioneers at the end of the seventeenth century. The richness and the demographic explosion of the new General Mines region (Minas Gerais) gave rise to strong Portuguese political control: religious orders and missionary activities were forbidden there. Consequently, Minas Gerais saw the development of Third Orders and brotherhoods of laymen. The competition between the various religious groups prompted the construction of many churches, the richness of their interior decoration based on the baroque aesthetic. The mother church of Nos sa Senhora da Conceição in Catas Altas is a magnificent example of the contribution of both the Portuguese and the indigenous people to the construction of artistic monuments. The church dates from 1738 and the architectural construction is complete but the internal decoration remains unfinished. This made it possible to study the techniques and materials used. In the areas where the ground has been applied but no polychromy, there is a first layer of kaolin followed by a gesso layer. This unusual technique may have been prompted by economy: kaolin is a mineral easily found in the metallurgical zone of Minas Gerais.  相似文献   

6.
ABSTRACT

Although the quantity of sources of foreign and international law available on the World Wide Web is rapidly growing, users quickly discover that everything is not available, and the quality of much of what exists is suspect. Driven by its mission to collect, preserve and provide access to reliable legal information from around the world, the Law Library of Congress is developing the Global Legal Information Network (GLIN), a database containing statutes, regulations and related legal materials from countries in Africa, Asia, Europe and the Americas. This article describes the history of this effort; the future plans for development; standards for quality, and the organizational structure of the GLIN network. The article concludes that although the creation of a comprehensive digital law library is a mammoth undertaking, the need for GLIN is obvious.  相似文献   

7.
ABSTRACT

Forecasting the dynamics of alteration in materials, in particular the timescale of degradation, is relevant to preventive conservation, and great deal of effort has gone into developing new models for the kinetics of physical and chemical phenomena affecting materials. Creating monitoring systems able to assess the evolution of degradation processes that inform intervention programs is necessary to ensure the protection of historical and artistic heritage. The Research Unit for Integrated and Predictive Systems (SIP) is presented: it develops new tools and algorithms to study the alteration of materials using non-invasive techniques and passive monitoring, as well as new mathematical models to predict how the surfaces of materials degrade with time. The paper focuses on the Arch of Augustus and presents initial results from two virtual sensors used to ‘monitor’ environmental conditions outdoors. These systems do not need a permanent, invasive network of sensors in situ. They rely instead on local infrastructure for measuring air quality, and adopt smart information fusion algorithms to predict the environment around the cultural heritage site. Virtual sensors can provide an effective control system that highlights specific conditions linked to specific forms of alteration.  相似文献   

8.
ABSTRACT

Academic libraries increasingly rely on Interlibrary Loan (ILL) departments to obtain research materials. This adds to the workload of ILL at a time when many libraries are experiencing budget cuts and dwindling staff. Collaboration between ILL and Reference can assist ILL by providing searching expertise. Collaboration is facilitated by the paperless environment provided by ILL management software. Patrons benefit from increased fill-rates and reduced turnaround time for ILL requests. Reference benefits by exercising creative searching for difficult-to-find materials and gaining exposure to new reference sources and online catalogs. These benefits are explored through analysis of fill-rates, sources from which materials were ultimately obtained, sources used by the Reference Department, and interviews with staff.  相似文献   

9.
ABSTRACT

As student fees, print vs. electronic access, service quality expectations, and basic economics have an increasing impact on library operations, some academic libraries are taking a second look at the process of charging overdue fines. This article explores the contemporary environment on this issue. It offers as an example a compromise solution implemented in Spring 2003 by Texas A&M University Libraries. The solution maintains fines for some materials but uses an “inconvenience” motivator to prompt timely renewal or return of regular stacks materials.  相似文献   

10.
ABSTRACT

For as long as libraries have charged fines for books returned after their due dates, this familiar practice has excited comment and controversy. Fines are thought by many to deter patrons from keeping materials too long. However, others believe there is little persuasive evidence that fines are more effective at minimizing overdues than are reminder notices. Further, some critics contend charging fines is unethical, especially in public or school libraries, and the meager results are not worth the harmful public relations fines incur. The authors experimented with an alternative approach using positive reinforcement.  相似文献   

11.
Abstract

Graphic design is an important part of library marketing efforts that impact a wide range of projects, from the creation of outreach materials to the design of signage. Because it reaches so many areas of the library, it is important that graphic design work be done in a way to maximize accessibility and inclusion. By integrating accessibility considerations and best practices into design workflows, it is possible to create designs that are simultaneously accessible, inclusive, and visually engaging.  相似文献   

12.
ABSTRACT

This paper analyzes cataloging rules for Korean materials focusing on the McCune-Reischauer (MR)1 system, the Korean romanization scheme currently used in the United States. This system has been used for a long time in many Western countries, and was officially adopted by the Library of Congress (LC) for use in the cataloging of Korean language materials. Considering users' information-seeking behavior and searching abilities, however, the MR system has many drawbacks for increasing users' ability to retrieve information. This paper analyzes bibliographic records in academic libraries, the LC, and the Research Libraries Information Network (RLIN) to identify the issues and problems of the MR system. A user survey conducted demonstrates that the MR system is not a user-customized tool based on users' searching ability. Several solutions are suggested to overcome the limitations of the MR system.  相似文献   

13.
Objective:The COVID-19 pandemic highlights the public''s need for quality health information that is understandable. This study aimed to identify (1) the extent to which COVID-19 messaging by state public health departments is understandable, actionable, and clear; (2) whether materials produced by public health departments are easily readable; (3) relationships between material type and understandability, actionability, clarity, and reading grade level; and (4) potential strategies to improve public health messaging around COVID-19.Methods:Based on US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention statistics from June 30, 2020, we identified the ten states with the most COVID-19 cases and selected forty-two materials (i.e., webpages, infographics, and videos) related to COVID-19 prevention according to predefined eligibility criteria. We applied three validated health literacy tools (i.e., Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool, CDC Clear Communication Index, and Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level) to assess material understandability, actionability, clarity, and readability. We also analyzed correlations between scores on the three health literacy tools and material types.Results:Overall, COVID-19 materials had high understandability and actionability but could be improved in terms of clarity and readability. Material type was significantly correlated with understandability, actionability, and clarity. Infographics and videos received higher scores on all tools.Conclusions:Based on our findings, we recommend public health entities apply a combination of these tools when developing health information materials to improve their understandability, actionability, and clarity. We also recommend using infographics and videos when possible, taking a human-centered approach to information design, and providing multiple modes and platforms for information delivery.  相似文献   

14.
Objectives:Within many institutions, there are debates over whether medical librarians should be classified as faculty or professional staff, a distinction that may have considerable effect on the perception of librarians within their local institutions. This study is a pilot exploration of how faculty status may affect the professional experiences of academic medical librarians within their local institutions.Methods:Surveys were sent to 209 medical librarians listed as having some instructional function at Liaison Committee on Medical Education (LCME) accredited medical institutions in the United States. Survey responses were captured using Qualtrics survey tool and analyzed for frequencies and associations using SPSS version 27.Results:Sixty-four medical librarians at academic medical institutions completed the survey developed for this study. Of the respondents, 60.9% indicated that librarians at their institution have faculty status, while 71.9% believe that librarians at their institution should have faculty status. Ninety percent of librarians with faculty status reported that they are expected to generate scholarly materials, compared to 28% of those without faculty status.Conclusions:Many medical libraries offer faculty status to librarians. While many medical librarians are active in instruction, research, and other activities normally associated with faculty status, it is not clear if faculty status impacts how librarians are perceived by other health care workers within their institutions.  相似文献   

15.
Abstract

This paper reports from a survey of media exposure and level of knowledge among senior high school students at various locations in Indonesia. Government budgets for education have recently been dramatically reduced in Indonesia and increasing financial burdens are put on the households, like in many other poor countries. There is a tendency to increasing differences in quality of schooling among social layers and geographical areas. Main conclusions in this research are that information asymmetry exists as a problem in society and that type of school and location matter more than media exposure for students’ knowledge level. Students in public schools generally score significantly higher than those in private institutions. Also, students’ level of knowledge tends to fall with decreasing level of geographical centrality. Our policy recommendations include increased public investment in quality schooling for all.  相似文献   

16.
Objectives:Academic health sciences librarians sought to evaluate the efficacy and future of the Health Information Specialists Program, a five-year consumer health information outreach collaboration with public libraries across the state.Methods:Five focus groups were held with participants from all five years of the program. Thirty-four participants from the program attended. Facilitators used structured interview guides consisting of eleven questions regarding the impact of the collaboration on participants'' abilities to connect themselves or others to health information; the usefulness of materials or knowledge gained and its applications; any consumer health outreach projects that arose from the program; and suggestions for future topics, formats, or modifications. Data was hand-coded and analyzed using the framework analysis methodology for qualitative research.Results:Participants reported feeling improved confidence and comfort in providing health information services to their patrons. Numerous instances of knowledge transfer—in their personal lives, with their colleagues, and for their patrons—were described. Participants reported improved abilities to both find and evaluate consumer health information, and many adapted class materials for their own programming or teaching. Suggestions were provided for future class topics as well as a program website.Conclusion:Based on data from the five focus groups, the Health Information Specialists Program has positively impacted participants in a number of ways. Primary among these were self-reported improvement in both health information retrieval skills and the ability to evaluate the reliability of health information online, as well as in the confidence to help patrons with their health information needs.  相似文献   

17.
Abstract

The purpose of this article is to outline the “best common practices” at Regent University Library, and share survey data illustrating their effectiveness. Also discussed is how transitioning from an entirely graduate university to a university serving both graduates and undergraduates has influenced library services. The new constituency will increase interlibrary loan transactions and test the library's practices. Providing quality interlibrary loan service to a growing academic population requires innovative ideas and practices while keeping the workflow streamlined. New programs implemented over the past several years include books on demand and providing more electronic books and journals. A growing distance education student population has led to paying for library cards for academic libraries located near students' homes and permitting them to return materials to satellite campuses.  相似文献   

18.
Archive Fever     
Abstract

The science of cartography went through revolutionary changes in the post-World War II period. In the near future the new types of artifacts and materials produced by the cartographers of this period will form the basis for the study of the history of modern cartography. Computer software, new computational devices, computer hardware, and complex mathematical algorithms all need to be preserved in a way that allows researchers access to the concepts and techniques that make up the cartography of today and the future. The following paper is a case study in the preservation of collections that are typically not part of the traditional materials found in map libraries. Although this paper is pragmatic in nature and focuses in particular on the software and algorithms found in the John Snyder Collection of satellite mapping materials now in the Library of Congress, it also addresses the many conceptual and theoretical problems that arise in the preservation of what the author calls “foundational collections” in the history of cartography.  相似文献   

19.
《文物保护研究》2013,58(1):116-118
Abstract

Colored glazes derived from vegetable and animal sources and applied over silver leaf have been used in many eras and regions of the world to adorn sculpture and decorative art objects. Examples from Latin America during the Viceregal period are examined and compared, with reference to literature sources and to FTIR analysis. Attention is drawn to the use of native American materials in some instances, such as the varnish of Pasto, Colombia, and the lacquer of Pátzcuaro, Mexico.  相似文献   

20.
《The Reference Librarian》2013,54(67-68):225-242
Summary

The many concerns over the costs and benefits of higher education have created an often intense dialogue across university departmental borders. In response, many departments have moved to collaborative efforts to reinforce the necessity and usefulness of the Liberal Arts curriculum for students. Academic service departments, including archives, seek to have their resources more actively used by the student base. The authors collaborated on an assignment requiring student use of primary source materials held at the Michigan State University Archives and Historical Collections. The dialogue this assignment created and the projects it produced was of benefit to all involved: instructors, faculty, and students.  相似文献   

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