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This article researches higher education (HE) managers’ perception of graduate professional success and higher education institutions’ (HEI) activity aimed at enhancing graduate employability. The issue is worth examining not only because of growing relative unemployment rates among HE graduates but also because it is a part of a heated discussion on the contemporary evolution of HEIs. We analysed 36 semi-structured interviews with representatives of HEIs offering studies in the field of science in six countries (Austria, Germany, Italy, Poland, Slovenia and Turkey). Our analysis showed that there are three approaches observed, depending to a large extent on the balance between different HE stakeholders within subdomains (triple-helix theory). Our results support the hypothesis of diversification of HEIs’ models varying from the traditional ivory-tower-type university (with a dominating role of academic oligarchy) to the market-oriented educational enterprise (where the business sector is a key driver of change). 相似文献
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游璇 《泉州师范学院学报》2011,29(5):100-107
传统的教育经济学认为,经济增长和高等教育之间存在正相关关系。文章利用福建省1979—2009年GDP增长率和普通高校在校学生数的数据进行协整分析和Granger因果检验,实证研究表明：福建省的经济增长和高等教育规模之间虽然存在长期稳定的均衡关系,但二者之间缺乏良性互动的关系。 相似文献
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Maria Eliophotou Menon Eleftheria Argyropoulou Andreas Stylianou 《Tertiary Education and Management》2013,19(4):298-310
AbstractThe paper investigates the experience of employed higher education graduates in two countries with high rates of graduate unemployment. It examines the employment experience of graduates and their perceptions regarding the contribution of higher education to their employment and career prospects. Qualitative research was used to collect information from 58 university graduates in two Southern European countries, Greece and Cyprus. Respondents provided information on the skills and competencies acquired through higher education and utilised in the world of work. In both countries, modest links were reported between jobs and graduates’ field of study, as well as between knowledge and non-knowledge-based competencies acquired through higher education, and the requirements of the graduates’ jobs. The findings are used as the basis for suggestions that can enhance graduate employability and contribute to the management of the link between higher education and the labour market. 相似文献
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2009年大学生就业和专业结构问题分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
麦可思公司连续3年对中国大学生毕业半年后的调查显示,个别专业持续性严重供大于求造成了大学生失业的主要部分,即专业结构性失业.为此应建立包括国家层面、地区层面以及高校层面的专业结构性失业的预警机制. 相似文献
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高等教育扩展与“知识失业”:国外的研究和经验 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
从国际经验看,当高等教育快速发展时,通常会出现“知识失业”现象。“知识失业”的原因包括大学毕业生供给总量增加、市场需求减少、高等教育运行机制不适应市场变化以及劳动力市场不完善等。解决“知识失业”,应从改善教学内容和专业设置,为大学毕业生提供就业援助,实施大学生创业计划,鼓励大学生到特定地区就业几个方面着手。 相似文献
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This study investigated demographic characteristics such as type of university attended, course of study and gender as determinants of duration of unemployment among university graduates in Nigeria. Data were collected from 1 451 employed university graduates in 300 firms in Nigeria. Results showed a significant difference between duration of unemployment and course of study (F(6,1444) = 17.84; p < 0.05) with graduates of Engineering and Medicine having the least duration of unemployment. Significant differences also existed between duration of unemployment and the type of university attended (F(2,1448) = 5.50; p < 0.05). Unemployment period was significantly shorter for graduates of private universities compared to those from public universities. However, gender differences did not significantly affect unemployment period (t0.05 = -0.211; p > 0.05). One major policy implication of the findings is that entrepreneurial skills and initiative should become major concerns of higher education institutions to facilitate employability of graduates who will increasingly be called upon not only as successful applicants but also and above all as job creators. 相似文献
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大学生失业成因的经济学分析与对策 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
加剧我国大学生毕业即失业现象的原因：有高等教育规模扩张过快、学科层次结构失调等供给因素;也有劳动力市场的二元结构、聘用单位的歧视性行为等社会因素;更有大学生自身定位不准确、期望值过高等主观因素。因此,有效缓解大学生失业问题必须从高等教育本身、大学生本人和社会就业环境与政策上采取针对性的综合措施。 相似文献
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The aim of this article is to shed light on the relationship between higher education and economic development by means of econometric tools designed to evaluate the existence and direction of causality: cointegration and Granger-causality tests. The results show a significant causality from national higher educational effort (proxied by the number of students per capita, i.e. not engaged in productive activities) to economic development for four countries: Sweden (1910–1986), United Kingdom (1919–1987), Japan (1885–1975) and France (1899–1986). However, such a causality link has not been found for Italy (1885–1986) or Australia (1906–1986). This suggests that this relationship is indeed not mechanistic as already pointed out by some social scientists. 相似文献
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Dr. Robert D. Reisz Priv.-Doz. Dr. Manfred Stock 《Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft》2013,16(1):137-156
The paper investigates the relationship between the expansion of higher education and the development of unemployment among higher education graduates by discipline using time series data. Our results find that the overall relationship between higher education and the world of labor is a recursive one. The relative weight of some disciplines among graduates, changes according to labor market needs, but this reaction is not immediate and subject to a delay. Other disciplines however develop independently of employment prospects. The rising proportion of graduates within these disciplines leads to pressures for change on the labor market. In both cases our data shows that the employment system absorbs the expansion of higher education graduates. This happens through a diversification of employment positions in order to accommodate the expansion of higher education graduates. 相似文献
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Kim Baldry 《Journal of Education & Work》2016,29(7):788-812
In this study, I examine the influence of demographic and educational characteristics of South African graduates on their employment/unemployment status. A sample of 1175 respondents who graduated between 2006 and 2012 completed an online survey. Using binary logistic regression, the strongest determinants of unemployment were the graduates’ race, their socio-economic status and their year of their graduation. Surprisingly, the graduates’ field of study, level of study, marks obtained and whether or not they had received career guidance at their higher education institution did not significantly influence their employment/unemployment status. Of the employed graduates, 27% reported that they consider themselves to be underemployed. The results show the strong influence structural factors have on determining employment prospects of graduates and question the extent to which higher education institutions and graduate employers reproduce social inequality through their graduate recruitment services and practices. 相似文献
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E. Ia. Kuz'min 《Russian Education & Society》2014,56(1):13-18
The poor fit between the specialties and employment opportunities of university graduates in Russia requires rethinking the way that higher education in Russia operates. Russia's economic future, and avoiding social unrest due to high unemployment or underemployment, is dependent on changing the education-employment linkages. 相似文献
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This study adopts a nationwide survey data set between 2005 and 2013 (Chinese General Social Survey) to explore the influence of the massification of higher education on the transition of Chinese youth into the labour market. Data analysis reveals two major findings. First, the economic returns to college education of recent cohorts of university graduates (those who have graduated from universities not more than 3 years ago) are lower than the cohorts who graduated in 2005 and 2006. Second, recent cohorts of college graduates are likely to work in the urban informal sector, unlike their senior counterparts. These findings could partially be explained by skills mismatch in the labour market but a comprehensive understanding of graduate unemployment in China could be obtained by bringing the broader political economy perspective into the analysis. 相似文献
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《Africa Education Review》2013,10(3):277-291
AbstractThis article seeks to provide theoretical insight into supply and demand factors within higher education and how these relate to each other and to graduate unemployment within the South African context. Research was undertaken primarily to determine the graduate unemployment rate at a higher education institution in South Africa and secondly to ascertain whether work-integrated learning (WIL) had an effect on graduate unemployment. Statistical analysis revealed that the graduate unemployment rate at a certain higher education institution in 2011 was 46% while WIL reduced graduate unemployment. The unemployment rate for students who had had no WIL was 63%, whereas the unemployment rate for those who had complete WIL in the course of their higher education training decreased to 26%. Findings supporting the mitigating influence of WIL are a potentially valuable contribution to policy and practice in higher education. 相似文献
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美国就业导向的高等教育改革的启示 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
美国就业导向的高等教育改革具有灵活、务实的特点。我国的高等教育各部门可以通过借鉴美国高等教育促进学生就业的优秀经验,解决目前较为突出的就业问题。 相似文献
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Ghada Barsoum 《Africa Education Review》2017,14(1):193-211
Building on a mixed method research approach, this article reports on an analysis of the difference between public and private higher education institutions (HEIs) in Egypt in terms of teaching methods, quality assessment approaches and alumni engagement. An analysis of the survey data compared the experiences of 1 713 graduates of both private and public HEIs. Qualitative case study data seeks to explain the noted differences and similarities. The analysis showed that both types of institutions fall short of providing student-activating teaching methods; engaging students in quality assessment; or supporting graduates through job placement services. The analysis related the similarity between the two types of institutions to the state governance approach and its focus on education inputs, recommending a shift to an accountability regime that is focused on education outcomes and performance. 相似文献
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Chinese higher education has gained outstanding achievement in expanding its access to the mass population since 1999. However, the mismatch between university curricula and job market requirements leads to increasing unemployment and underemployment of Chinese graduates. In recent years, the central and local governments and universities have viewed entrepreneurship as an efficient means to solve the unemployment and underemployment issues of university graduates. They issued many policies to promote innovation and entrepreneurship among young people. However, university graduates are still facing barriers in deciding to start their entrepreneurial journey. In this qualitative study, we interviewed 37 young entrepreneurs in Shenzen. Results show that the respondents encountered barriers from three aspects: personal traits, resources, and culture. With the empirical data collected from the interviews, we aim to enable higher education professionals and innovation policymakers to develop an advanced understanding of the experiences of the new generation of entrepreneurs while reflecting the efforts in coping with the negative effects of the massification of higher education. 相似文献
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孙志军 《北京师范大学学报(社会科学版)》2013,(2):108-115
基于高校扩招前后大学生群体的比较,人们普遍认为扩招后大学生的就业状况变差了。我们在认同这一观点的基础上,着重考察了另外一个问题:在教育扩张的背景下,如果个体读大学与假设他不读大学相比,就业状况会如何?利用扩招前后两个年份的全国性人口调查数据,采用描述性统计和基于倾向分匹配估计的方法对此进行了分析。主要结论是:高校扩招后大学毕业生相对于高中毕业生在就业上仍旧延续了优势地位,并且没有明显的变化,现实中观察到的扩招后大学生失业率的上升更多的是由于个体能力和家庭背景等因素造成的,高校扩招在其中仅起到微弱的作用。其政策含义是,就业政策应更加关注低学历人群的就业和就业保障,我国初中后教育规模的进一步扩张仍具有现实基础。 相似文献
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沙萌 《商丘职业技术学院学报》2012,(3):52-55
固定资产投资对于经济增长有着重要的影响,在计量经济模型的基础上,利用协整分析和Granger因果检验的方法,探讨辽宁省经济增长与政府固定资产投资增长率之间的长短期关系,以及它们之间的Granger因果关系。 相似文献