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1.
Sunil Chandy M. N. Sadananda Adiga Girija Ramaswamy C. Ramachandra Lakshmi Krishnamoorthy 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2008,23(3):258-261
Folate and cobalamin (Vitamin B12) are two essential micronutrients involved in one-carbon metabolism, which affects heart disease, neural tube defects and
cancer. Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase, the key enzyme involved in one carbon metabolism produces methyl tetrahydrofolate
from methylene tetrahydrofolate, which in turn donates methyl group to homocysteine to generate methionine. There exist two
common low function polymorphic variants of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene involving nucleotides 677 C→T and
1298 A→C, which are associated with hyperhomocysteinemia. These polymorphisms are also linked with increased risk for certain
cancers such as breast cancer and at the same time providing a protective effect on colorectal cancer. In this case control
study, we have evaluated levels of folic acid, vitamin B12 and homocysteine in patients with colorectal cancer. Folate and homocysteine levels did not differ significantly between
the two groups; however an increasing trend was noticed with increase in homocysteine levels. Vitamin B12 levels were increased in cases compared to control group. 相似文献
2.
A. S. Yadav V. R. Bhagwat I. M. Rathod 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2006,21(1):106-110
The present study was undertaken to explore the relationship of plasma homocysteine with other biochemical parameters in ischemic
heart disease. Plasma levels of total homocysteine was measured by HPLC—fluorescence detection with internal standard in 60
ischemic heart disease patients and were compared with 30 age matched normal healthy controls. The significant increase of
plasma homocysteine was observed in both myocardial infarction and chronic stable ischemic heart disease patients when compared
with the controls. The hyperhomocysteinemia appears be to due to increased body demand of vitamins such as folic acid, vitamin
B12, B6, B2 either alone or in combination to regulate normal homocysteine metabolism. 相似文献
3.
Vitamin B12 being water soluble is excreted in the urine when administered in excess. The probability of finding an abnormally excess
serum concentration would be almost surreal. We report a peculiar clinical situation that may impact the vitamin B12 immunoassay on the Roche Elecsys 2010 due to excess analyte concentration. In separate episodes (Feb and June 2010), the
Biochemistry laboratory of a tertiary-care hospital, Kolkata, India, encountered two critically ill patients with background
chronic kidney disease (CKD), low urine output, and on cyanocoabalamin supplementation, who had serum vitamin B12 concentrations far exceeding expected values; even post dialysis. The B12 assays (pmol/l) were performed using electrochemiluminiscence immunoassay on Roche Elecsys 2010, the assay validity confirmed
by concomitant quality control runs. The immunoassays failed to deliver results, flagged with “signal level below limit”. Biotin therapy was ruled out as a possible interferent. In the first episode, re-assay of a repeat draw yielded same outcome;
outsourcing on Immulite provided concentration of >738 pmol/l. Serial dilution gave result of >29520 pmol/l on Elecsys 2010.
In the second, we gained from past experience. Vitamin B12 concentration >59040 pmol/l was conveyed to the treating nephrologist the very day. The B12 immunoassay on the Elecsys 2010 employs sequential incubation steps for competitive binding that is compromised in the event
of abnormally excess B12 concentration in patient sera akin to the prozone effect. This knowledge may be beneficial while assaying sera of CKD patients
to avoid financial loss due unnecessary repeats and delay in turnaround time. 相似文献
4.
A. P. S. Narang S. Batra S. Sabharwal S. C. Ahuja 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2004,19(2):111-113
In the present study primary involution osteoporosis and vitamin D levels were studied in 60 subjects including thirty controls.
The biochemical analysis of serum calcium, phosphorus, ALP, albumin and vitamin D3 (1,25-(OH)2 D3) levels were significantly decreased in osteoporotic patients when compared to non-osteoporotic control group. There was
a significant correlation of magnitude of sun exposure with 1,25-(OH)2 D3 levels. Similarly, vitamin D intake in the diet has a significant correlation with 1,25-(OH)2 D3 concentration. However, no correlation could be obtained between vitamin D3 levels with increasing age. Among the biochemical markers serum calcium, phosphorus, ALP and albumin could not be correlated
with 1,25-(OH)2 D3 levels. 相似文献
5.
The present study was carried out to evaluate the occurrence of association between homocysteine, folic acid and vitamin B(12) in patients with preeclampsia. Fifty preeclamptic patients from gynecology ward were studied for estimation of serum homocysteine, folic acid and vitamin B(12) over a period of October 2007 to June 2010. Serum homocysteine and folic acid, and vitamin B(12) were determined by means of Immulite 1000 analyzer. The statistical analysis of study group of preeclampsia compared with normotensive control group, showed significant alterations in serum homocysteine, folic acid and vitamin B(12) concentrations in preeclampsia. Inverse association between serum homocysteine and folic acid, and vitamin B(12) levels were observed in preeclampsia. The present study found hyperhomocysteinemia and deficiency of folic acid and vitamin B(12) along with increased blood pressure as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in preeclampsia. 相似文献
6.
Sarika Arora Ranjna Chawla Devika Tayal Vinod K. Gupta Jagdeep S. Sohi V. Mallika 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2009,24(4):370-374
Thyroid hormones regulate the renal hemodynamics and basal metabolic rate of most cells. This hospital-based case-control
study was done to evaluate the changes in biochemical markers of liver and kidney function in hypothyroid subjects before
and after treatment. The study included 176 subjects randomly selected from Thyroid clinics. Serum T3, T4, TSH, Liver and Kidney Function tests were analysed using standard kits. Forty-six hypothyroid patients were re-evaluated
6 weeks after thyroxine substitution therapy. Hypothyroid subjects (n=80) showed significantly raised serum creatinine and
uric acid levels as compared to euthyroid subjects (n=96). After 6 weeks of thyroxine replacement, serum creatinine and uric
acid decreased significantly and were comparable to euthyroid group. A positive correlation of ALT, AST, uric acid, protein
and albumin with TSH levels (p<0.05) and negative correlation of serum T4 levels with ALT, AST, proteins (p<0.05) was observed in the hypothyroid group. Hypothyroidism results in reversible impairment
of hepatorenal function. 相似文献
7.
S. K. Sen P. Pukazhvanthen Rebecca Abraham 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2008,23(3):255-257
Elevated plasma Homocysteine level is an independent risk factor for age related (senile) cataract. Certain nutritional deficiencies,
in particular Folate, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6 relate inversely with Homocysteine level. This study was undertaken to evaluate the plasma level of Vitamin B12, Folate, and Homocysteine of cataract patients and to study the interplay between them. Serum Homocysteine level is significantly
increased in cataract patients when compared with control (p< 0.001). There was a significant decrease in the level of Folate
as compared with control (p<0.001). There was a negative correlation between Homocysteine vs. Vitamin B12 (p<0.01) and Folate (p<0.01) in the Cataract patients. Our findings suggest that increased plasma Homocysteine level is associated
with decreased plasma levels of Folate and VitaminB12 in Cataract patients, which might have a possible role in the root cause of cataract pathogenesis. 相似文献
8.
Curcumin is a natural anti-inflammatory and antioxidant with several potential health benefits. Although it has been examined in several metals toxicity studies, but its role in the protection against copper toxicity has not been investigated. In this study; the detoxification and antioxidant effect of curcumin were examined to determine its prophylactic/therapeutic role experimentally in rats. Forty albino rats were divided into five groups; control, CuSO4 (4 mg/kg body weight), curcumin (80 mg/kg body weight), curcumin post-treatment (CuSO4 for 15 days followed by curcumin for the next 15 days) and curcumin co-treatment (CuSO4 plus curcumin for 30 days). All rats were treated orally by stomach tube for 30 days/once a day. Changes were observed in hepatic marker enzymes such as: aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase-(ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), besides the serum total protein, urea and creatinine. Concentration of liver and kidney antioxidants such as: catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione-(GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured. An increased in the activities of liver marker enzymes, urea, creatinine and the MDA contents were detected after exposure to CuSO4. Meanwhile, the activities of serum total protein, hepatic and renal antioxidants were decreased. Changes in all biochemical parameters were alleviated by the post-treatment and co-treatment of curcumin. Our finding suggests that the curcumin showed protective effects on CuSO4-induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. 相似文献
9.
There is ample evidence that vitamin status of an individual can have a profound influence on the resistance of Cancer. Pyridoxine
is one of the water soluble vitamins playing an important role in various metabolic reactions. Aspartate aminotransferase
and Alanine aminotransferase are pyridoxal phosphate requiring enzymes and their activities in erythrocytes have been used
to assess the state of vitamin B6 nutrition in man.
We report here the erythrocyte transaminase levels in controls and patients with early and advanced cancer of breast. Thein vitro study of vitamin B6 shows a marked difference in the per cent stimulation in patients as compared to the controls on addition of pyridoxal phosphate.
The difference indicates a subclinical deficiency of vitamin B6. The possibility exists that the rapid progression of the disease could be due to lack of host resistance caused by the deficiency
of vitamin B6. The possibility of an effective treatment response after enhancing the vitamin B6 status is being looked into. 相似文献
10.
G. Sharmila Banu Ganeshan Kumar A. G. Murugesan 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2009,24(3):250-256
Aflatoxins are potent hepatotoxic and hepatocarcinogenic agents. Reactive oxygen species and consequent peroxidative damage
caused by aflatoxin are considered to be the main mechanisms leading to hepatotoxicity. The present investigation aims at
assessing the hepatoprotective effect of ethanolic leaves extract of Trianthema portulacastrum on aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)-induced hepatotoxicity in a rat model. The hepatoprotection of T. portulacastrum is compared with silymarin, a well known
standard hepatoprotectant. Lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, alanine and aspartate aminotransferases were found
to be significantly increased in the serum and decreased in the liver of AFB1 administered (1 mg/kg bw, orally) rats, suggesting hepatic damage. Marked increase in the lipid peroxide levels and a concomitant
decrease in the enzymic (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glucose-6-phosphate
dehydrogenase and glutathione-S-transferase) and nonenzymic (reduced glutathione, vitamin C and vitamin E) antioxidants in
the hepatic tissue were observed in AFB1 administered rats. Pretreatment with T. portulacastrum (100 mg/kg/p.o) and silymarin
(100 mg/kg /p.o) for 7 days reverted the condition to near normal. The results of this study indicate that the ethanolic leaves
extract of T. portulacastrum is a potent hepatoprotectant as silymarin. 相似文献
11.
M. N. Sadananda Adiga Sunil Chandy Girija Ramaswamy L. Appaji B. S. Aruna Kumari Lakshmi Krishnamoorthy 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2009,24(3):257-261
Remethylation of homocysteine to methionine is dependent on an adequate supply of one or more of the B vitamins like folate,
vitamin B12 and vitamin B6. Plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) is also influenced by genetic factors such as polymorphisms in the methylenetetrahydrofolate
reductase (MTHFR) gene. MTHFR is a flavo enzyme and a key player in folate metabolism and changes in its activity could modify
the susceptibility to Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL). In this case — control study we have examined the effect of riboflavin
status as measured by erythrocyte glutathione reductase activation coefficient (EGRAC) on homocysteine levels along with vitamin
B12 and folate in pediatric ALL. Folate and B12 levels were significantly lower among cases as compared to controls while EGRAC and tHcy did not differ significantly among
the groups. The multivariate regression analysis revealed that in the ALL group EGRAC significantly influences tHcy levels
suggesting that riboflavin availability may be a predictor of tHcy levels in patients with ALL. This finding may have implications
for tHcy lowering therapy. 相似文献
12.
Seema Bhargava R. Parakh L. M. Srivastava 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2004,19(1):76-78
Homocysteine (Hcy) is a non-protein forming amino-acid, whose metabolism is at the intersection of two metabolic pathways:
remethylation and transsulfuration which are dependent on the vitamins folic acid, B12 and B6, and the enzymes methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase and cystathionine-β-synthetase. A deficiency of any of these vitamins
or enzymes results in hyperhomocysteinemia. This causes oxidative and other damage to blood vessels, thus affecting various
organ systems of the body. As part of our ongoing research on cardiovascular risk factors, we have studied the Hcy levels
in the plasma of normal controls and those suffering from vascular diseases. It was observed that Hcy is significantly higher
in patients of vascular diseases (21.59±1.28 μmol/L, mean±SEM), as compared to normal controls (11.33±0.18 μmol/L). This significance,
was more pronounced in cases of venous thrombosis (26.77±2.43 μmol/L) as opposed to cases of arterial block (17.27±0.84 μmol/L).
This signifies that Hcy estimation would be beneficial in obtaining a differential diagnosis in addition to being a modifiable
vascular risk factor. 相似文献
13.
G. R. Sajitha K. T. Augusti Regi Jose 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2016,31(3):260-269
Heavy metal pollution is a global public health challenge due to its stable and persistent environmental contamination. Of these lead is considered to be one of the most common ubiquitous and industrial pollutants and at low concentration it exerts extensive damages to the tissues. Daily feeding of lead acetate solution (Dose: 10 mg/kg/day) to normal rats for a month adversely altered the parameters of blood, serum and tissues, viz; RBC, WBC, Hb, ?- ALAD (Delta amino levulinic acid dehydratase), Pb content, lipids, oxidized lipids (TBARS), vitamins C and E and GSH levels and activities of AST, ALT and antioxidant enzymes viz; catalase, GR, Gpx and SOD. In order to study whether antioxidants have any effect to counteract the toxicity of lead we have selected comparatively better active allium fractions for the study viz: polar fraction of garlic (PFG) and polar fraction of onion (PFO). On feeding of these active fractions of garlic and onion oils i.e. their polar fractions and vitamin E (Dose 100 mg/kg/day) separately for a month along with or without lead acetate to rats each nutraceutical and vitamin E counteracted the adverse effects of Pb significantly (p ≤ 0.05). Their effects are in the order of PFG > PFO > Vitamin E. All these results point out that garlic and onion oils contain natural disulfoxide compounds which act as antioxidant and anti toxic to lead compounds. Their comparative differences in action may be due to the presence and position of double bonds and disulfide oxide bonds in their molecules. i.e., in PFG the allyl disulfide oxide group is present and in PFO saturated methyl and propyl groups and unsaturated propenyl group are present in place of allyl groups. The former group confers a better antioxidant activity on PFG, while the latter groups confer a lesser activity on PFO. 相似文献
14.
Chemoprevention represents a new intervention strategy to control some type of carcinogenesis especially in subjects at high
risk for cancer development. Experimental and epidemiological data indicate that a variety of nutritional factors including
vitamin C and E are effective to lower the risk of some types of cancer. However large prospective studies have failed to
find such significant association. A comparative and combined in vitro antimutagenic potential of two antioxidant vitamins
ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and α-tocopherol (vitamin E) were evaluated using Ame’s Salmonella typhimurium test assay. Directly
acting mutagens such as sodium azide (NaN3) and 4-Nitro-o-phenylenediamine (NPDA), and N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) were used to induce mutation in salmonella strains
TA 98 and TA 100. Vitamin C significantly (P < 0.01) and dose dependently inhibited the mutagenicity induced by all the three mutagens. The percent inhibitions of vitamin
C at 15 mg/plate were 33.8% (NaN3), 52.5 % (MNNG) and 55.4 % (NPDA). Vitamin E (15 mg/plate) was effective to inhibit mutagenicity induced by NaN3 and MNNG
but did not inhibit mutation induced by NPDA. Combination of vitamins (vitamin C plus vitamin E) produced only an additive
antimutagenic activity when compared to their activity at 5 mg/plate. The results of the study concluded that vitamin C is
a better antimutagenic agent than vitamin E and combination of vitamins did not produce any synergistic activity. 相似文献
15.
S. Vasisht R. Gulati R. Narang N. Srivastava L. M. Srivastava S. C. Manchanda D. P. Agarwal 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2002,17(1):99-107
An elevated level of plasma homocysteine, sulfur containing amino acid generated through demethylation of methionine has been
widely accepted as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). The increase can result from genetic and/or nutrient related
disturbances in the remethylation or transsulfuration pathways for homocysteine metabolism. A common mutation (C677T) in the
gene encoding for the enzyme 5, 10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) or deficiency of the B vitamins namely folic
acid, B12, B6 can lead to hyperhomocysteinemia.
In the present study, we have investigated the incidence of the (C677T) MTHFR polymorphism in the North Indian males. 141
angiographically proven coronary artery disease (CAD) patients and 55 age and sex matched healthy volunteers were examined
for the association between MTHFR gene polymorphism and CAD. The MTHFR genotyping was performed using polymerase chain reaction
(PCR) followed by restriction-isotyping with Hinf 1 endonuclease. A trend for higher ‘T’ allele frequency (0.19) was observed
in patients than in controls (0.16). However no significant association was found between C677T mutation and CAD severity.
The lack of statistical significance could be due to the small sample size studied. Hence a larger study including various
ethnic groups is warranted. 相似文献
16.
17.
V. Govindaraju Neelam C. N. Manjunath H. Venkataramiah T. R. Raghu 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2003,18(1):8-14
Conclusion There is considerable epidemiological evidence, which confirms the importance of plasma homocysteine as a powerful predictor
of future risk of coronary heart disease and other complications of atherosclerosis. Treatment of hyperhomocysteinemia varies
with the underlying cause. However, an inexpensive vitamin supplementation with folic acid, vitamin B12 and vitamin B 6 is
generally effective in reducing homocysteine concentrations. Several randomised, controlled trials evaluating the effects
of folic acid based supplements on homocysteine concentrations have been conducted over the last decade. In most patients,
folic acid alone, and in combination of vitamin B12 and B6, has been shown to reduce homocysteine concentrations within four
to six weeks after the initiation of therapy (34).
However, no study has yet demonstrated that lowering of homocysteine by vitamin supplementation decreases the cardiovascular
morbidity or mortality. Avoidance of excessive meat intake and increased consumption of fresh vegetables and fruits is a dietary
measure, which has many health benefits, including a potential to reduce elevated homocysteine levels. The other reasonable
approach is to determine levels of fasting homocysteine in high risk patients and it may be advisable to increase their intake
of vitamin fortified foods and/or to suggest the daily use of supplemental vitamins. Several large scale randomised trials
like Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation (HOPE-2) Study, Mcmaster University, Canada, Study of the Effectiveness of Additional
Reductions in Cholesterol and Homocysteine (SERCH), Clinical Trial Service Unit, Oxford, U.K, Cambridge Heart Antioxidant
Study (CHAOS-2) University of Cambridge, U.K, Bergen Vitamin Study, University of Bergen Norway, Women's Antioxidant and Cardiovascular
Disease Study (WACS) Harvard Medical School, U.S.A, Prevention with a combined inhibitor and folate in Coronary Heart Disease
(PACIFIC) study, University of Sydney, Australia, and many others are ongoing to assess the effect of homocysteine—lowering
by vitamin supplementation on risk of vascular disease. 相似文献
18.
Sajitha GR Jose R Andrews A Ajantha KG Augustine P Augusti KT 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2010,25(3):280-288
Daily feeding of drinking water containing lead acetate (160 mg/l) or 10% alcohol by volume or a combination of both to rats
for a month produced certain deleterious effects through oxidative stress. Both heavy metal lead and alcohol are capable of
doing such damages. The deleterious alterations observed were in the parameters of blood, serum and tissues, viz; Hb, Pb,
proteins, lipids, lipid per oxidation, Vitamins C and E levels and enzyme activities of AST, ALT, and catalase. Simultaneous
feeding of either of the two antioxidants garlic oil (GO) and vitamin E at equal doses of 100 mg/kg/day, to the rats counteracted
the deleterious effects of the above two chemicals significantly. The maximum damage was brought about by feeding of drinking
water containing both lead acetate and alcohol. The protective effects of GO and Vitamin E were not significantly different.
The mechanism of actions of the Vitamin E and GO is probably due to their efficiency as detoxifying agents and antioxidants,
to scavenging free radicals as well as an independent action of GO on the removal of lead salt as lead sulfide. 相似文献
19.
Objective To investigate the protective effect of nicorandil and amlodipine in isoproterenol induced myocardial necrosis in rats.
Methods The effect of nicorandil and amlodipine on bio-chemical parameters during isoproterenol induced myocardial necrosis in rats
was examined by determining the activity of creatine phosphokinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and transaminases (AST,
ALT) in the serum of the animals.
Results Isoproterenol (150mg/kg/day) administered rats showed statistically significant rise in activities of LDH(1.02±0.19 to 1.85±0.05),
CK(4.3±0.19 to 7.37±.27), AST(0.38±.03 to 0.78±.05) and ALT(0.19±.017 to 0.346±.027) in the serum. Pre-co-treatment of rats
with nicorandil and amlodipine significantly lowered the raised levels of these enzymes and thereby restoring the enzyme activity
to near normal as was clear from the chart i.e. LDH was 1.10±0.04, CK was 4.37±0.19, AST and ALT were 0.39±0.028 and 0.199±0.04
respectively.
Conclusion It is demonstrated that pre-co-treatment with nicorandil and amlodipine either alone or in combination help in providing protective
effect on isoproterenol induced myocardial necrosis. 相似文献
20.
Prasad P. Torkadi I. C. Apte A. K. Bhute 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2014,29(1):79-83
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is due to excessive alcohol intake for long duration. Distinguishing ALD from non-ALD (non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, hepatitis of viral origin) is difficult as patient may deny alcohol abuse. Clinical examination, histology and serology may not differentiate these conditions. Accurate diagnosis is important as management of ALD differs from non-ALD patients. The aim of our study was (1) To evaluate the patients of ALD and non-ALD by biochemical parameters compared to controls, (2) To assess whether these parameters can differentiate ALD from non-ALD. Study was carried out on 50 patients of ALD in group I and 35 patients of NASH (non-alcoholic steatohepatitis) and acute viral hepatitis each in group II. Age matched healthy controls n = 50. Selection criteria—history of alcohol intake (amount and duration), clinical examination, sonography of abdomen, serum alanine transaminase (ALT) and bilirubin levels. Blood samples were analyzed for bilirubin, aspartate transaminase (AST), ALT, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) by kinetic method. Statistical analysis was done by Student unpaired ‘t’ test. Patients of ALD have raised AST/ALT ratio (De Ritis ratio) (>2), ALP and GGT compared to controls (P < 0.01).There is significant difference in AST/ALT ratio, serum GGT and ALP in ALD group compared to that in NASH and acute viral hepatitis (P < 0.05). This study suggests that De Ritis ratio >2 in ALD patients may be due to alcohol induced hepatic mitochondrial injury and pyridoxine deficiency. High GGT and ALP values may indicate enzyme induction by alcohol and mild cholestasis. Thus ALD patients have severe hepatic damage. De Ritis ratio <1 and normal to mild elevation in GGT level in NASH and acute viral hepatitis suggest mild hepatic injury of non-alcoholic origin. Our study concludes that ALD patients can be differentiated from NASH and acute viral hepatitis with certainty by measuring serum AST/ALT ratio, GGT and ALP. These biochemical parameters may help clinicians to support the diagnosis of ALD and non-ALD. 相似文献