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1.
石铸 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1987,25(1):39-49
About 22 species of the genus Scorzonera L. are so far known to occur in China.
Among them, S. pamirica Shih is described as new and 3 species, S. tau-sahyz Lipsch. et Bosse,
S. pubescens DC. and S. transiliensis M. Pop., are new records to China. Four names in the
literature are reduced to synonyms,and some wrong identications in Chinese botanical literature
are pointed out in this work. Some species with considerable variation in morphology, such as,
S. pseudodivaricata Lipsch. and S. sinensis Lipsch. ex Krasch., are also discussed here. 相似文献
2.
石铸 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1993,31(5):432-450
The Present paper is a preliminary result of study on three genera,
Dubyaea, Syncalathium and Soroseris of the tribe Lactuceae (Compositae) in China.
The genus Dubyaea in China so far known consists of 14 species, of which
six are described here as new: D. pteroponda Shih, D. lanceolate Shih, D.
muliensis Shih, D. panduriformis Shih, D. cymiformis Shih and D. jinyangensis
Shih. In addition, one new combination, i.e.D. bhotanica (Hutch.) Shih, is
made.
There are six species in the genus Syncalathium in Chinese flora, of which one
species is described here as new. This is S. orbiculariforme Shih. A new combina-
tion, S. pilosum (Hand.-Mazz.) Shih, is made in the paper.
The genus Soroseris comprises nine species, of which three are described here
as new, S. teres Shih, S. chrysocephala Shih and S. qinghaiensis Shih. Three new
combinations, i.e.S. trichocarpa (Franch.) Shih, S. hirsuta (Anth.) Shih, and S.erysimoides (Hand.-Mazz.) Shih are made in the present paper. 相似文献
3.
石铸 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1993,31(6):533-548
本文采用狭义概念，将苦荬菜类群(Ixeris group)处理为4个属，即苦荬菜属Ixeris Cass．沙苦荬属Chorisis DC．小苦荬属Ixeridium(A．Gray)Tzvel．及黄瓜菜属Paraixeris Nakai并提供了分属、种检索表。文中记载了3个新种及7个新组合种。 相似文献
4.
石铸 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1988,26(6):418-428
Having mixed extremely various patterns of achenes for a long time in
the genus Lactuca L., especially showed in the classification of it on the mainland of Asia,
Lactuca L., the primary unnatural genus, becomes more nuclear in its limit. The present
paper makes a revision to attempt providing a clear cline between Lactuca L. and its relative
genera.
On my opinion, only plants, represented by Lactuca sativa L., which have ovoid capitu-
lum during its fruiting, numerous (7-25), yellow ligular florets and longitudinal 1-10 ribs
or striae on each side of achenes, acute into filiform beak at its apex, should be defined as
Lactuca L.
In view of the present concept of Lactuca L., another group of plants, embodied by
Lactuca indica L., having its broadening, thin winged-margin of, 1-3 striae on each side of
achenes, black, dorsi-ventral compressed, acute into thick and short beak at its apex, evident-
ly, should not be placed into Lactuca L., but be regarded as genus, i.e. Pterocypsela Shih,
gen. nov. Pterocypsela Shih distributes in Eastern and southern Asia, where Lactuca L. does
not occur. In China there is all of species, seven species, of Pterocypsela Shih. They are P.
raddeana (Maxim.) Shih, P. indica (L.) Shih, P. elata (Hemsl.) Shih P. lacciniata (Houtt.)
Shih, P. triangulata (Maxim.) Shih, P. sonchus (Lévl.) Shih and P. formosana (Maxim.)
Shih, But in Mediterranean regions and Middle and Western Asia mainly distributes Lactu-
ca L., in which there are only seven species from western China, Xijiang autonomic district.
They are L. dolichophylla Kitam., L. sativa L., L. altaica Fisch. et Mey., L. serriola Torner,
L. dissecta Don, L. auriculata DC. and L. undulata Ledb.
With the combination of violet-purple ligular florets non-ovoid capitulum during its
fruiting, a little thick achenes, acuminate into longer. or short beak at its apex and 4-6 ribs
on each side of it, Mulgedium tataricum (L.) DC. is evidently different from Lactuca sativa L.
with combination of ovoid capitulum during its fruiting, yellow ligular florets and compres-
sed achenes, acute into filiform beak at its apex. There seems to be no point in refusing Mu-
lgedium Cass. as a genus. Strictly speak, Mulgedium Cass. seems to be reminiscent of Para-
prenanthes Chang (see bellow) without beak at the apex of its achenes. In Hengduan moun-
tains and mountain range of Himalayas M. tataricum (L.) DC. discoveries its relative par-
tners. They are M. bracteatum (Mook. f. ex. C. B. Clarke) Shih, M. lessertianum (Wall. ex
C. B. Clarke) DC., M. monocephalum (Chang) Shih, M. umbrosum (Dunn) Shih, M. meridi-
onale Shih and M. polypodifolium (Franch.) Shih.
Having broadering and thickening margin and 4-7 striae on each side of achenes, grey,
dorsi-ventral compressed, truncate and beakless at its apex, Lactuca sibirica (L.) Benth. ex
Maxim. (Sonchus sibiricus L.) is not only different from Lactuca sativa L. with the combi-
nation of yellow ligular florets and filiform beak at apex of its achenes, but also from the
genus Mulgedium Cass. with beak at apex of its achenes. Therefore, Lagedium Sojak, establi-
shed by J. Sojak (1961), should be restored. It should be point out that Lagedium Sojak is
monotypic genus excluding Mulgedium tataricum (L.) DC. with beak at the apex of its ache-
nes, non-marginated. Lagedium Sojak widely distributes in temperate and frigid zone of
northern hemisphere. In our country, Lagedium sibiricum (L.) Sojak, sole species of the ge-
nus, restricts its northeast region.
Paraprenanthes Chang, the new genus, established by Ch. Ch. Chang (1950) based on La-
ctuca sororia Miq. and Lactuca yunnanensis Franch. seems to be a distinct genus. This ge-
nus is characterized by 4-6 ribs on each side of achenes, black, fusiform, a little thick and
beakless at its apex. Besides above-mentioned two species, assigned by Chang, in forest of tro-
pic and subtropic zones on the mainland of Asia there are many species with same structure
in achenes like L. sororia Miq. and L. yunnanensis Franch. The genus Paraprenanthes Chang
seems to be reminiscants of Mulgedium Cass. and Lagedium Sojak, but differs from the former
in its beakless achenes, from the later in its non-marginated achenes and 4-6 ribs on each
side of it. In our country, there are all species of the genus known in the tropic and sub-
tropic zones on the mainland of Asia. They are P. sororia (Miq.) Shih, P. yunnanensis (Fra-
nch.) Shih, P. longiloba Ling et Shih, sp. nov., P. heptontha Shih et D. J. Liou, sp. nov., P.
prenanthoides (Hemsl.) Shih, P. pilipes (Migo) Shih, P. thirionii (Lévl.) Shih, P. sylvicola
Shih., sp. nov., P. multiformis Shih, sp. nov., P. auriculiformis Shih, sp. nov. and P. sagitti-
formis Shih, sp. nov. 相似文献
5.
石铸 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1979,17(4):61-71
The present paper is an attempt to propose a preliminary taxomomic treatment of
the genus Hippolytia Poljak. and to analyse the geographical distribution of its com-
posite elements.
This small genus with 17 species is divided into 2 sections, namely, section
Anthodesma Shih and section Hippolytia. Anthodesma is a small section with 3 species
and is characterized by fascicled corymbs, campanulate and nitid involucres, rigidly
herbaceous phyllaries, and undershrubs, while Hippolytia consisting of 14 species is
characterized by corymbose inflorescence or glomerules or compund heads, cuneate and
unpolished involucres, herbaceous phyllaries with pitch black margines.
There are 12 species of Hippolytia in China, of which 3 are proposed as new in the
present paper.
Regarding the distribution pattern of Hippolytia, it is noteworthy to note that its
range of distribution forms a more or less U-shape as shown in map 2. It may be seen
that Hippolytia distributes in Central Asia-Sino-Himalaya-Median Asia. Section Antho-
desma Shih occurs in central Asia, while section Hippolytia in the whole Himalayan
region and northern Meridional Ranges and Median Asia.
There seems to be no center of species concentration within the total range of
Hippolytia, whose species are localized in distribution, for example, H. desmantha Shih
is known only from Qinghai provence (Yu-Shu-Hsien), H. alashanensis (Ling) Shih
is restricted to Ninghsia and central part of Kansu provence. It is interesting to note
that H. yunnanensis (J. F. Jeffrey) Shih and H. longifolia (Wall.) Shih are referred
to as vicarious species. The localization of the species distribution and the obvious
discontinuity of morphological characters between species indicate a remarkable geogra-
phical influence on the species formation of Hippolytia.
Hippolytia is an alpine genus of temperate zone of Asia, in which 64 per cent of
species occurs at high elevations of above 3300m. altitude, 30 per cent of species are
distributed in middle elevations of above 2200m. altitude. The life forms are micro-
undershrubs, erect perennial herbs, glomerule stemless herbs or stemless herbs. It is very
possible that its geographical origin and development may be linked up with occurance
of desert steppe, especially of alpine meadow vegetations in the northern temperate
zone of Asia.
With regard to the geographical elements to which each species of Hippolytia
belongs, it seems to indicate that H. trifida (Turcz.) Poljak., H. alashanensis (Ling)
Shih and H. desmantha Shih belong to the geographical elements of central Asia,
while H. yunnanensis (J. F. Jeffrey) Shih, H. glomerata Shih, H. tomentosa (DC.)
Tzvel., H. senecionis (Bess.) Poljak. H. longifolia (Wall.) Shih, H. kennedayi (Dunn)
Ling, H. syncalathiformis Shih, H. gossypina (Hook. f. et Thoms.) Shih and H. nana
(C. B. Clarke) Shih to Himalayan elements, and H. darvasica (C. Winkl.) Poljak., H.
megacephala (Rupr.) Poljak,, H. herderi (Rgl. et Schmalh.) Poljak. to Median Asia, H.
delavayi (W. W. Smith) Shih to North-West-Yunna.
相似文献
6.
石铸 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1987,25(3):189-203
After having examined all specimens of the genus Prenanthes L. of Compositae in
the Herbarium of Institute of Botany, Academia Sinica, I find that the classic concept on the
genus Prenanthes established by G. Bentham in 1873 has not been held exactly by some of Euro-
pean, American, Japanese and Chinese botanists. For example, W. B. Hemsley, S. T. Dunn, A.
Franchet, S. Kitamura and C. C. Chang placed plants from China which belong to other groups
into the genus; I also find that the classic concept of the genus is not clear. The present paper
makes a revision not only on the classic concept of the genus, but also on its concept assumed by
the above-mentionded botanists.
With the combination of numerous (25-35), white or yellow ligular florets, numerous ribs
of achenes, Prenanthes alba L. (Nabalus albus (L.) Shih, comb. nov.) is distinctly different
from Prenanthes purpurea L., which has the combination of purple, few (5-15) ligular flo-
rests and few ribs of achenes. Nabalus Cass., as a genus established early (1825) by H. Cassini,
should be restored. It is not reasonable to treat Nabalus as a subgenus (E. B. Babcock et al.
1947) or a section (S. Kitamura, 1956) or as a synonym (G. Bentham, 1983) of the genus
Preanathes L.
The present author recognizes seven species in the new revised genus Prenanthes L. in
China, 4 of which are described as new. In the genus Nabalus Cass. only one species, N.
ochroleuca Maxim., is distributed in Northeast China.
As Lactuca melanantha Franch. (1895), Prenanthes henryi Dunn (1903), P. glandulosa
Dunn (1903), Lactuca triflora Hemsl. (1888) (it was transferred to Prenanthes L. by C. C.
Chang in 1934), Prenanthes formosana Kitam. (1934) and P. wilsoni Chang (1934) all have
campanulate involucres, purple phyllaries, purple dorsi-ventrally compressed achenes, longitu-
dinal rids 6-9 on each side of achene truncate and beakless at its apex and pilose tubes of co-
rollae, they should be placed neither into the genus Prenanthes with obtusely tri-or pentagonous,
subterete achenes and glabrous tubes of corollae, nor into the genus Lactuca with beak achenes.
Besides the above-mentioned species misnamed by some of foreign and Chinese botanists, 6 other
species also have the same structure in achenes and corollae. Evidently, they fall into a new
genus with the name Notoseris Shih.
The new genus Notoseris Shih of the tribe Lactuceae of Compositae seems to be more re-
miniscent of Lactuca L. than of Prenanthes L. emend.
All the 12 species of the genus Notoseris Shih are endemic to China and distributed in the
area of south of Yantze River. Of them 6 are new combinations and 6 are described as new. 相似文献
7.
石铸 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1986,24(4):292-296
Almost no differences are seen in habit and infrescence between the gene-
ra Vladimiria and Dolomiaea; the former that was founded on the basis of Jurinea sal-
winensis Hand.-Mazz. by Iljin should be transferred to the later that was earlier found-
ed on the basis of D. macrocephala DC. by De Candolle. But considering the style which
has fine, spreading and apex-acute branches in the group Vladimiria, it is reasonable
to treat the group Vladimiria as a section in the genus Dolomiaea, i.e. Dolomiaea sect.
Vladimiria (Iljin) Shih. Therefore, the genus Dolomiaea is expanded in the circums-
cription in the present paper, not only including the primary group with short, com-
pact and apex-rounded style branches, i.e. Dolomiaea sect. Dolomiaea, but also sect. Vla-
dimiria (Iljin) shih with different characters of style-arms.
Nine species and 1 variety as new combinations are listed in the sect. Vladimiria
(Iljin) Shih as following: D. denticulata (Ling) Shih, D. forrestii (Diels) Shih, D.
scabrida (Shih et S. Y. Jin) Shih, D. souliei(Franch.) Shih, D. souliei (Franch) Shih
var. mirabilis (Anth.) Shih, D. berardioidea (Franch.) Shih, D. georgii (Anth.) Shih,
D. edulis (Franch.) Shih, D. salwinensis (Hand.-Mazz.) Shih and D. platylepis (Hand.
-Mazz.) Shih. 相似文献
8.
the present paper is a meterial of the genus Hemsleya Cogn. for flora of
China-Cucurbitaceae.
The genus Hemsleya was established by C. A. Cogniaux in 1889. By 1982 about 7
species had been discovered in China, and most of them are mainly distributed in S. W.
China, particularly in Yunnan and Sichuan. Their tubers have been used as a folk
medicine for a long time. However, we began to search for them, and meanwhile collect
and cultivate them, only about ten years ago. After a general survey and taxonomical
study, 20 species of Hemsleya are recorded from Yunnan in the paper. Among them 18
species and 3 varieties are new. All the types are kept in Herb. KUN.
According to the characters, of corolla and fruit also the seed condition, widely or
narrowly winged, proposed are four sections, namely: Sect. I. Craciliflorae; Sect. II.
Amabiles; Sect. III. Carnosiflorae and Sect. IV. Hemsleya, among which 3 are new. 相似文献
9.
陈耀东 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1981,19(1):43-56
Sparganium is a genus of about 18 species, largely distributed in temperate and cool
regions of the northern hemisphere, with a couple of species extending to tropical Asia,
Australia and New Zealand. In China, four species have hitherto been reported. To
them another six species, including three new ones, are added in the present paper,
based on our recent collections. They may be divided into four sections:
I. Sect. Sparganium
1. S. stolon ferum (Graebn.) Buch-Ham. 2. S. stenophyllum Maxim. ex Meinsh.
3. S. limosum Y. D. Chen, sp. nov.
II. Sect. Natantia Aschers. et Graebn.
4. S. fallax Graebn. 5. S. simplex Huds. 6. S. glomeratum Least ex Beurl.
III. Sect. Conferta Y. D. Chen, sect. nov.
7. S. confertum Y. D. Chen, sp. nov.
IV. Sect. Minima Aschers, et Graebn.
8. S. yunnanense Y. D. Chen, sp. nov. 9. S. angustifolium Michx. 10. S. minimum
Wallr.
It is interesting to note that S. confertum is of great phylogenetic importance, be-
cause, apart from its habit, it has certain characters, such as spike-like inflorescence,
pellucid and membranous scales with lobed margines, stalked ovary and sterile female
flowers on pistillate heads, which suggest those in Typha, especially in T. orientalis
Presl. Apparently, the discovery of this intensely interesting species, which forms aconnecting link between Sparganium and Typha, makes it unacceptable that they are treated as two separate families. 相似文献
10.
中国毛茛科植物小志(廿二) 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
王文采 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1998,36(2):150-172
(1)揭示了铁线莲属以下演化趋势:萼片由开展到直立;雄蕊由无毛到有毛;雄蕊花丝由条形演
化到披针状条形或倒披针状条形;花药由长圆形演化到条形或狭条形;药隔不突出到在顶端突出;在雄
蕊被毛时,毛由少而短到多而长;此外花序由具花序梗和苞片到花序梗和苞片消失,以及由自当年生枝
叶腋生出转变到自老枝腋芽中生出。主要根据上述演化趋势,本文将我国铁线莲属各组及组下分类群做出新的排列。(2)描述了6新亚组,6新系,2新种,4新变种,给出了5新组合,4新等级和2新名。 相似文献