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1.
Jan D. Vermunt 《European Journal of Psychology of Education - EJPE》1995,10(4):325-349
Process-oriented instruction is defined as instruction aimed at teaching thinking strategies and domain-specific knowledge in coherence. This new conception of instruction is derived from psychological research on the way students learn and on the interplay between self-regulation and external regulation of learning. In the research reported here the learning effects of a process-oriented instructional program for university students were empirically studied. The instructional program consisted of a diagnostic learning style instrument, a learning guide and tutorials. The results showed that the majority of students reported significant general, knowledge, insight and application learning effects. The program effects were typified more by integrating and making usable metacognitive knowledge already present, than by increasing knowledge about new subjects. Evidence for transfer effects was obtained because participants in the program scored better than non-participants on two exams of another course. The learning effects were higher than the effects of an preliminary version of the program implemented with students from an open university. These results support the importance of the process-oriented instructional model. The linking of a thorough diagnosis of personal learning styles to individually tailored instructional measures, turned out to be a powerful way to activate students to reflect on their learning and to develop their mental models of learning. 相似文献
2.
A study of the relationships between students' questioning and learning styles is being conducted on data collected in two university semesters with a sample of 300 students. This report discusses the results of case studies looking in depth at four of the students. These were involved in further data collection through written and oral questions, interviews and classroom observation experiments. The main aim is to unravel the interrogative bases of the students' learning by looking at the quality and quantity of questions they ask. This means that among other characteristics, the nature and the deliberative or spontaneous use of questions by the four students were investigated. It was possible to distinguish question‐askers by tallying their questions. Their learning styles were characterised using Kolb's Learning Styles Inventory. The study also allowed for snapshots of how particular learners shape questions. Looking at the way in which these questioning styles fit with their orientations to learning, and how this drives learning, informs what teaching might best then ensue. 相似文献
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4.
Weiqiao Fan 《Thinking Skills and Creativity》2012,7(3):224-233
The objective of the instructional experiment was to examine if the use of thinking styles is flexible in traditional and hypermedia learning environments, and if a hypermedia learning environment possesses obvious advantages than a traditional environment in adapting to students with different thinking styles. The participant university students from Shanghai, P.R. China took the General Psychology course taught by one psychology teacher. One hundred and seven science students and one hundred and thirty-one social science students were assigned into traditional and hypermedia instructional groups, respectively. The results indicated that the use of the hierarchical, executive, conservative, and monarchic styles was increased, while the use of the local style was decreased due to the traditional instructional environment. The use of the judicial and liberal styles was increased, while the use of the legislative style was weakened due to the hypermedia environment. Moreover, significant effects of discipline differences in the use of particular thinking styles were found in the traditional instructional environment. Specifically, within the context of traditional learning environments, the use of the hierarchical style increased among the science students, while the use of the local style decreased among the social science students. The study did not support the view that a hypermedia learning environment is clearly better than a traditional environment in accommodating students with different thinking styles. Implications for learning and teaching are discussed. 相似文献
5.
In this article, dissonance in students’ way of learning is explored from a regulation of learning perspective. First, consonant patterns of interrelations among learning elements are sketched. These patterns were identified in studies with university students by means of a diagnostic instrument, the Inventory of Learning Styles (ILS), that assesses four learning components: cognitive processing strategies, metacognitive regulation strategies, mental models of learning, and learning orientations. Consonant patterns of linkages among these components result in four qualitatively different ways of learning or learning styles: undirected, reproduction-directed, meaning-directed and application-directed learning. Next, several studies that used the ILS as a research instrument were examined for indications of dissonant patterns of interrelations among these learning components. The students in these studies ranged from early secondary school to adult university students. Five phenomena of dissonance could be identified: lack of differentiation within learning components, lack of integration between learning components, incompatibility of learning strategies, models and orientations, missing learning style elements, and a lack of distinct application-directed learning. These phenomena are described and documented. Finally, the results are discussed in relation to other recent studies on dissonant study orchestrations and in terms of their practical meaning. A developmental explanation for the occurrence of some manifestations of dissonance is offered. 相似文献
6.
Distance students' ratings of the importance of strategies to facilitate self‐directed learning were evaluated. Students from an open university in Taiwan (449 current and 140 inactive) participated in this study. Current students scored significantly higher than inactive students on internal motivation, insight about self, and self‐directed learning readiness. A combination of high internal and external motivation and high self‐directed learning readiness predicted ratings of the importance of five sets of strategies for helping students become self‐directed learners. The study provides information to help distance learning professionals enhance the effectiveness of self‐directed learning and reduce the number of students who become inactive. 相似文献
7.
Students have conceptions about the relationship between instructional interventions and learning or, in other words, students have instructional metacognitive knowledge. In this study, the efficiency of instructional interventions has been investigated as a specific object of students' instructional metacognitive knowledge. By means of a survey, conceptions about the efficiency of various instructional interventions of 488 freshmen in educational sciences and psychology have been investigated. Two research questions directed this exploratory study: (1) How do students assess the efficiency of instructional interventions; and (2) Do differences in gender, educational background, and/or subject of study affect evaluations of the efficiency of instructional interventions. Results show that respondents regard regular instructional interventions at the university directed toward, or supporting, surface-level processing and reproduction to be highly efficient. The use of technology is conceived as inefficient by these students. The limited number of differences between groups of students also suggests students' conceptions to be both consistent and robust.The study illustrates the need to investigate instructional metacognitive knowledge as distinct from other forms of metacognitive knowledge, and raises questions about the major components and structure of instructional metacognitive knowledge and individual differences in it. The findings suggest the need for the elaboration of a framework to describe instructional interventions. 相似文献
8.
Atena Bishka 《Performance Improvement》2010,49(10):9-13
Many school educators, instructional designers, and corporate training specialists believe that learning styles are important and that much of training success relies on the craft of incorporating learning styles into learning materials. But how do common views and popular wisdom on learning styles align with what the psychological sciences tell us today? Does matching instructional design to learning styles really result in learning enhancement? This article seeks to examine such questions based on current research in psychological sciences. 相似文献
9.
本研究采用自然调查法,对受试样本进行了预测问卷和正式问卷的调查,数据分析结果表明:中澳大学生的自我导向学习准备度差异较大;两国大学生在自我导向学习意识上体现出显著性差异;在自我导向学习具体技能上没有体现出显著性差异.差异主要源于两国不同的教学理念、课堂形式和学习评价标准. 相似文献
10.
《The Journal of educational research》2012,105(4):194-197
AbstractThis research was based on the theoretical belief that student evaluations of faculty teaching are related to the person-environment congruence between students’ locus of reinforcement and the degree of control exercised by faculty instructional styles. Fifty-seven college students were classified as internally or externally reinforced based on Rotter’s locus of reinforcement theory. Students evaluated high and low faculty control instructional styles by rating daily seven classroom evaluative questions on a five-point differential scale. It was hypothesized that the evaluation of instruction by students experiencing congruent control styles (internal students/low control and external students/high control) would be more positive than incongruent combinations (external students low control and internal students/high control). ANOVA results yielded a significant 937’value p <.01) for interaction effects which supported the research hypothesis. Implications for student evaluation of faculty teaching are discussed. 相似文献
11.
Patrick Brown Patricia Friedrichsen Sandra Abell 《Journal of Science Teacher Education》2013,24(1):133-155
In order to understand how prospective teachers develop knowledge for teaching, researchers must identify the types of knowledge that are integral to effective science teaching. This case study investigated how 4 prospective secondary biology teachers’ science teaching orientations, knowledge of science learners, and knowledge of instructional sequence, developed during a post-baccalaureate teacher education program. Data sources included a lesson planning task and two interview-observation cycles during the participants’ year-long internship. Over the course of a year, the participants’ science teaching orientations were based primarily on their K-16 learning experiences, and were robust and highly resistant to change. The prospective teachers became more aware of student learning difficulties, and therefore, developed more elaborated knowledge of the requirements of learning. They consistently sequenced instruction in ways that gave priority to transmitting information to students. Prospective teachers’ development of knowledge of student understanding of science and instructional sequence were congruent with their science teaching orientations. Implications are given for teacher education and future research. 相似文献
12.
Jef C. Verhoeven Dirk Heerwegh Kurt De Wit 《Education and Information Technologies》2012,17(1):109-133
Do ICT skills of freshmen change in 6 months at the university? What is the contribution of learning styles (or patterns)
to the explanation of the variance in self-perceived ICT skills and the possible change in these skills? And what is the contribution
of learning styles and of gender, social class, and ICT course attendance to the explanation of the variance in these skills?
To answer these questions, data were collected in a panel research project that recruited 714 freshmen at a large Belgian
university. The data show that the ability of the students to maintain a computer and to develop a website improves at the
university but not the ability to use the Internet or to apply basic ICT skills. The analyses show that there is a link, albeit
weak, between learning styles and self-perceived ICT skills. Learning styles can partially explain differences between groups
of students with different characteristics. The data show that having a certain learning style might influence the perception
of students of their ICT skill, but learning styles do not allow one to predict the change in the self-perceived ICT skills
of the students. 相似文献
13.
Any theory of motivated learning should describe how students motivational beliefs interact with the cues present in diverse social, physical and instructional contexts. My Model of Adaptable Learning deals explicitly with these student * situation transactional units. The on-line motivation questionnaire which was constructed on the basis of this model records the unique ways in which students give meaning to every-day learning opportunities (appraisals). Seegers &; Boekaerts (1993) hypothesized that there are two main pathways that connect motivational beliefs about mathematics to learning intention, emotional state and task performance. These include an outcome-directed and a value-directed pathway. Based on these data, I hypothesized that the two pathways would also be evident in the data collected from older students under two conditions: seatwork in class and homework assignments. The results from two studies warrant the conclusion that the cognitions and feelings that surface when students are invited to observe the unique properties of concrete mathematics learning tasks do not change randomly. Some stable student * situation transactional units could be discerned. Furthermore, the data suggest that there may be age differences in the paths that lead from domain-specific motivational beliefs to learning intention and well-being. 相似文献
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15.
吴明永 《涪陵师范学院学报》2007,23(5):140-144
学风建设不仅反映学校的精神风貌、师生品质和教学传统,也是衡量其办学理念、人才培养质量和管理水平的关键因素。加强高校学风建设具有十分重要的作用和意义,它不仅是高校加强思想政治建设的本质需要,而且也是培养大学生成才的客观要求。针对当前高校学风建设中普遍存在的忽视教风、师风、机关作风建设,部门间协作性不强,在加强学风建设上缺乏行之有效的措施与长效机制等问题,探求加强高校学风建设的对策,进而全面推进高校学风建设。 相似文献
16.
Approaches to Study of Distance Education Students 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
G Harper D Kember 《British journal of educational technology : journal of the Council for Educational Technology》1986,17(3):212-222
The'Approaches to Studying'inventory of Ramsden and Entwistle (1981) was administered to groups of external and internal students at Capricornia Institute and the Tasmanian College of Advanced Education. Factor analysis revealed a similar factor structure for external students to that of the total sample. This finding, together with analysis of variance data, is taken as evidence that it is valid to use the inventory and the associated theories on learning styles with distance education students. Analysis of variance data showed differences in learning styles for older students. The implications of this finding for the design of distance education courses are discussed. 相似文献
17.
The purpose of the paper is to explore Students' perception of university teaching behaviours in Pakistan. Three hundred and fifty students from the six public sector Pakistani universities returned questionnaires. Assessment framework, learning activities and instructional strategies emerged from factor analysis as common factors. Students' views on five conceptual variables were also analysed: instructional design, active teaching, learning activities, questioning styles; and assessment framework. University teaching in Pakistan was found to be driven by assessment. This is a matter of concern for all stake holders, including the administration of the universities, teachers, students and the Higher Education Commission. A teaching behaviour paradigm shift is required, switching from knowledge-oriented teaching behaviour focused on successful passage through assessment, to teaching behaviour focused upon the development of transferable skills demanded by external markets. 相似文献
18.
In this study, five elementary teachers and a university researcher developed and implemented problem‐based learning (PBL) experiences in the context of science teaching and learning. Collaborative inquiry was adopted as a methodology, while a variety of qualitative methods were used to examine the engagement and development of teachers’ pedagogical content knowledge (PCK). A PCK model is used as a framework to examine teachers’ professional knowledge growth in areas such as orientations to teaching science, knowledge of science curriculum, knowledge of students’ understanding of science, knowledge of assessment, and knowledge of instructional strategies. Implications for how teachers may be supported when adopting instructional innovations are discussed. 相似文献
19.
Ikseon Choi Sang Joon Lee Jeongwan Kang 《British journal of educational technology : journal of the Council for Educational Technology》2009,40(5):933-947
This study explores how students' learning styles influence their learning while solving complex problems when a case‐based e‐learning environment is implemented in a conventional lecture‐oriented classroom. Seventy students from an anaesthesiology class at a dental school participated in this study over a 3‐week period. Five learning‐outcome tests and two course‐satisfaction surveys were implemented during the case‐based instruction using a blended approach (online and face‐to‐face). The results of one‐way ANOVAs with repeated measures revealed that the four learning styles (active–reflective, sensing–intuitive, visual–verbal, sequential–global) did not influence students' learning experience and learning outcomes during the implementation of case‐based e‐learning. However, the pattern of the students' performance graph and further analysis with a liberal approach implied that the active–reflective learning style may influence learning outcomes slightly at an earlier time during the case‐based learning implementation; however, as time passed, this learning style no longer influenced their learning at all. Thus, learning styles may not be considered important or may be considered only during the early stages of instructional implementation in order to facilitate the students' transition to the new case‐based learning environment. It is more efficient to encourage students to adapt to different learning environments than to design adaptive systems in order to embrace diverse learning styles. 相似文献
20.
Eugene Sadler-Smith Peter J. Smith 《British journal of educational technology : journal of the Council for Educational Technology》2004,35(4):395-412
There has been a considerable growth in the use of flexible methods of delivery for workplace learning and development. However, in designing programmes of flexible learning there is often the assumption that learners will exhibit uniformity in the ways in which they process and organise information (cognitive style), in their predispositions towards particular learning formats and media (instructional preferences) and the conscious actions they employ to deal with the demands of specific learning situations (learning strategies). In adopting such a stance one runs the risk of ignoring important aspects of individual differences in styles, preferences and strategies. Our purpose in this paper will be to: (i) consider some aspects of individual difference that are pertinent to the delivery of flexible learning in the workplace; (ii) identify some of the challenges that extant differences in styles and preferences between individuals may raise for instructional designers and learning facilitators; (iii) suggest ways in which models of flexible learning design and delivery may acknowledge and accommodate individual differences in styles and preferences through the use of an appropriate range of instructional design, learning and support strategies. 相似文献