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1.
Despite increasing emphasis in recent years on the importance of breastfeeding for public health, rates in the United States still fall short of goals set by health organizations. In particular, breastfeeding rates for working mothers are lower than for stay at home mothers, despite policy changes to facilitate breastfeeding and working. Based on interviews with 23 mothers who were participants in breastfeeding support groups, this study explores some of the factors contributing to women’s difficulty combining breastfeeding and working. Findings indicate that some women do not return to work because they believe working and breastfeeding are not compatible, while those who do work and breastfeed often lack support from coworkers and managers. In order to improve breastfeeding rates for working mothers, organizations should make their support for breastfeeding mothers explicit beyond formal policies such as lactation rooms.  相似文献   

2.
《Communication monographs》2012,79(3):239-261
This study investigated the contribution of nonverbal cues to supportive communication in interactions between mothers and young adult children. Current support communication research primarily focuses on verbal messages communicating support or conceptualizes nonverbal communication in narrow ways. Using the concept of interactional sensitivity from attachment theory for direction, a number of hypotheses concerning support provision were proposed in order to develop our understanding in this area. Findings provide insight into the role of nonverbal as well as verbal communication in supportive interaction. Interactional sensitivity—in the form of certain conversational involvement cues (vocal warmth/interest and kinesic/proxemic attentiveness), responses appropriate to the child's needs, and movement synchrony—predicted young adult children's perceptions of mothers’ supportiveness during a conversation about a relationship problem.  相似文献   

3.
《Communication monographs》2012,79(2):171-179
Recent studies indicate that members' perceptions of differential treatment influence their communication with coworkers. This study examined the ways in which coworkers socially construct perceptions of differential treatment through discourse. Results indicated that coworker conversations regarding differential treatment serve two primary functions: (1) they create perceptions of differential treatment, and (2) they reinforce preexisting perceptions of differential treatment. Members tend to emphasize the subordinate's role in the incident over the supervisor's and rely heavily on equity standards in evaluating incidents of differential treatment. Contributions to the sense‐making literature and organizational control literature are noted.  相似文献   

4.
Using Communication Privacy Management (CPM), this study analyzed Emergency Healthcare Providers (EHP; i.e., Emergency Room Nurses, Paramedics, Emergency Medical Technicians, etc.) frequent experience of witnessing death, the dying processes, and regular involvement at the end-of-life. Twenty interviews from across the United States offered accounts of witnessing the death of a patient, communicating with the patient’s families, coworkers, and personal networks. The first research question explored the population’s normalization of death and changed outlook of dying. This population sees death and dying in real-time and must disconnect at the moment from their emotions to do their jobs. The second research question focused on preparing patient families for death, coping with coworkers, and protecting personal networks. In communicating with patient families, EHP educates/answers questions, advocate for families to be present during life-saving procedures and offer verbal and nonverbal comfort. In talking with coworkers, EHP copes with reassuring skill competency and offering emotional social support. Lastly, in communicating with their networks, EHP struggle with discussing emotions and event details in a protective function. From these results, the benefits, and challenges of communicating about death regularly are offered through a CPM lens, and recommendations to help the general population deal with death are given.  相似文献   

5.
Despite the benefits of using online social support groups, prior research does not provide a solid understanding of the online factors related to an individual’s supportive interaction. Accordingly, this study aims to explore how various aspects of anonymity predict different levels of social support engagement. The current study uncovers that visually identifiable group members are more likely to get supportive responses than are visually anonymous members. Also, when support group members are visually and discursively identifiable, they are more likely to get supportive messages than those who are visually and discursively anonymous. Additionally, the more identifiable support group members are, the more they receive positive messages. Practical implications for the role of social support group members’ anonymity/identifiability on the overall social support process are presented.  相似文献   

6.
This experiment examined reciprocal communication among support seekers and support providers in online support forums. An interactive online support forum web page was employed where comments to a support-seeking post and a support seeker’s reply to previous comments were manipulated, and participants could post their responses on the interactive web page. Results showed that support seekers received more supportive responses from subsequent viewers when they expressed appreciation for earlier comments. Compared with an appreciative reply to supportive comments, the same reply to unsupportive comments elicited more positive expectancy violations and thus higher levels of action-focused supportiveness in viewers’ responses. This study extended the application of expectancy violations theory to the context of online support forums.  相似文献   

7.
The concept of leader-member exchange (LMX) is predicated on the notion that leaders have differing quality relationships with each subordinate, leading to the formation of an ingroup and an outgroup. This suggests that for a sophisticated understanding of the impact of LMX relationships on individuals’ sentiments and behaviors, followers’ perceptions of the collective set of workgroup LMX relationships may be as important as their individual LMX relationships. This research examines employee perceptions of LMX across 67 work units, and investigates how these perceptions relate to coworker exchange (CWX) relationships and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). Results indicate that CWX is strongly, positively related to the LMX of the participant and their colleagues. A significant, positive relationship between measures of CWX and OCBs directed toward the work unit, but not the organization, was also observed.  相似文献   

8.
This paper describes the development of a reliable, short questionnaire (PLSQ) to measure student perceptions of and satisfaction with quality of service in an academic library. This formed part of a wider study to evaluate student awareness and use of library services and staff support. This included the simultaneous development of a ‘factual’ questionnaire and two small scale observational studies, backed up with ‘market research‐type’ interviews to evaluate the effectiveness of the ‘help desk’ and ease of use of the computer catalogue. A ‘triangulation’ technique was thus used to provide indirect evidence that the questionnaire was validly measuring user satisfaction. The results from the initial trial of the questionnaire are described and compared with relevant findings from the ‘factual’ questionnaire and the help desk study. Though two samples completed different questionnaires, the frequency results arc either in complete agreement or mutually supportive. The help desk study results are also supportive, again suggesting that the questionnaire is a valid measure. Following statistical analyses, the final sixteen item PLSQ emerged which produces internally consistent responses and which appears to measure satisfaction with staff helpfulness and physical conditions in the library and perceptions of ability to find information and knowledge of CD‐ROM and other services.  相似文献   

9.
ASBTRACT

The Information Literacy Unit at Michigan State University Libraries is tasked with providing teaching and learning support to 70+ librarian colleagues at MSU. The unit was asked to conduct a needs assessment to determine supportive needs, attitudes toward teaching and learning, and to lay groundwork for expanding the ability of the unit to provide support through building trust and strengthening relationships with librarian colleagues. An interview-based method grounded in social sciences rather than an assessment with a management focus was employed to accomplish these diverse tasks, which yielded actionable insights.  相似文献   

10.
An employee who observes unethical behavior by a colleague will often question whether the incident warrants reporting. The purpose of this study was to examine factors that may affect peer reporting of questionable behavior committed by a colleague. One hundred ninety‐seven (N = 197) registered nurses responded to a survey regarding reports of unethical behavior by coworkers. Results revealed that individual characteristics of the observer (such as personal ethics), situational factors (such as severity of the wrongdoing), and organizational issues (such as compliance or non‐compliance with policy and procedures) contributed to the reporting or not reporting of a coworker's wrongdoing. Discussion and implications suggest that various individual, situational, and organizational issues may affect an employee's decision to either report or not report unethical behavior committed by a coworker  相似文献   

11.
While much research documents the influence of self-efficacy on enactment of health behaviors, relatively less attention has been given to the factors that influence self-efficacy. To enhance our understanding of the various sources of self-efficacy, this study integrated social identity theory into this context and proposed and tested a model, which describes a process through which social identity can influence self-efficacy of engaging in health-related behaviors. Consistent with the proposed meditational model, the findings showed that individuals who had stronger social identity with a given social group perceived greater social support from the group, which in turn predicted higher self-efficacy of engaging in a health-related behavior advocated by the group, and ultimately predicted greater behavioral intention. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.  相似文献   

12.
This study examined college students' use of online media for political purposes in the 2008 election. Social media attention, online expression, and traditional Internet attention were assessed in relation to political self-efficacy and situational political involvement. Data from a Web survey of college students showed significant positive relationships between attention to traditional Internet sources and political self-efficacy and situational political involvement. Attention to social media was not significantly related to political self-efficacy or involvement. Online expression was significantly related to situational political involvement but not political self-efficacy. Implications are discussed for political use of online media for young adults.  相似文献   

13.
The active listening paradigm recommends that helpers paraphrase the thoughts and feelings of support seekers. But how? This study compared evaluations of four types of paraphrase messages derived from the work of Polanyi. Results showed that certain forms of paraphrasing are evaluated as more helpful, sensitive, and supportive than others, though differences were not in full alignment with theoretical predictions, and results were dependent on narrative prompt. Our study provides initial empirical data that question the practical advice given to informal help providers found in our academic scholarship and textbooks. Formal and informal helping relationships have many similarities and differences that should be acknowledged and tested with a variety of methods and populations.  相似文献   

14.
Affectionate communication is central to the maintenance of relational closeness, but it is also subject to relational, contextual, and cultural factors. This study was designed to examine the cultural effects on affectionate communication in parent-child relationships in the United States and China. Results indicated that Chinese fathers and mothers expressed less verbal, nonverbal, and supportive affection to their children than American parents. Both Chinese and American parents expressed affection to their children more through supportive behaviors than through verbal and nonverbal behaviors. In both cultures, mothers engaged in more verbal, nonverbal, and supportive affection with their children than fathers.  相似文献   

15.
Although scholars and service providers typically assume that parental self-efficacy (PSE) facilitates sensitive parenting, this study finds that the association between PSE and observer ratings of parents' sensitivity during free play actually is curvilinear. Parents (33 mothers, 5 fathers) from an intergenerational learning program serving low-income families completed the Self-Efficacy for Parenting Tasks Index and were videotaped during a 15-minute play period with their infant/toddler at program entry. Parents' self-reported PSE is positively, albeit weakly, associated with observer ratings of parental sensitivity from low to moderate levels of self-efficacy but inversely associated with sensitivity from moderate to high self-efficacy. Qualitative analyses show that mothers who report high PSE but are rated as low in sensitivity introduce toys when their child is already engaged, restrict their child's access to toys, physically manipulate their child, and violate their child's proximal space. Parenting education programs need to develop strategies for reaching parents who enter with high levels of confidence but lack knowledge of competent parenting practices.  相似文献   

16.
This study tested young adults’ perceptions of supportive and antagonistic coparental communication as mediators of interparental conflict (i.e., demand/withdraw patterns and aggression) and young adults’ mental well-being. Participants included 493 young adult children from intact and divorced families. Although young adults from divorced families reported higher levels of interparental conflict and antagonistic coparental communication than those from intact families, no significant differences emerged in the pattern of associations among the latent constructs in both groups. Bootstrapping analyses revealed that demand/withdraw patterns and mothers’ aggression had both direct effects and indirect effects on young adults’ mental well-being through antagonistic coparental communication. Consequently, coparental communication may function as a risk mechanism linking the adverse effects of witnessing interparental conflict to children's adjustment.  相似文献   

17.
Social‐sexual communication at work may contribute to either the initiation of an organizational romance or sexual harassment. We examined forces that influence perceptions of sexual messages as harassing rather than flirtatious. We presented 94 working adults with questionnaires soliciting workplace attitudes and experiences. Then, participants reviewed newsletters describing male and female coworkers in a fictitious organization. Finally, participants evaluated the degree of sexual harassment evident in six hypothetical interactions wherein one of the employees introduced in the newsletter makes a suggestive remark to his or her coworker. Newsletters and questionnaires manipulated the explicitness of messages, the initiator's status as supervisor versus subordinate, the attractiveness of the message initiator and target, and the initiator's sex. Message explicitness accounted for 88% of the variance in perceptions of harassment. A five‐way interaction among message and situational cues suggested that perceptions of sexual harassment are also influenced by contextual information. Females rated highly explicit messages as more harassing than did males, and individuals who were more accepting of socializing or dating between coworkers rated scenarios as less harassing. Exposure to socializing at work had a curvilinear association with perceptions of harassment such that low to moderate exposure corresponded with perceptions of greater harassment and moderate to high exposure was associated with lower ratings of sexual harassment. The discussion highlights applications for sexual harassment training programs within organizations.  相似文献   

18.
Abstract

Academic libraries typically employ a top-down approach to employee performance evaluations, which often does little to reveal an employee’s needs within the workplace and fails to provide an opportunity for supervisors to assess and reflect on how their actions impact the work environment. Using an autoethnographic approach, a supervisor and a support staff member developed an assessment instrument to evaluate the supervisor-supported work climate in one department of an academic library. This project helped promote both individual and department-wide discussion on what elements make a supportive work climate and provided the supervisor an opportunity to reflect on ways to improve support efforts. This article includes practical information as well as the lived experiences of the collaborators.  相似文献   

19.
Although computer-mediated support groups have been argued to be beneficial for individuals coping with health-related stigma, few studies have explored how communication processes may moderate perceptions of stigma and health outcomes. Increasing our understanding of the relationships among these variables may help to inform social support interventions for individuals facing stigmatized health issues. Drawing from the optimal matching model, the reported study examined the relationships among strong-tie/weak-tie support network preference and health-related stigma for stress and depression among members of health-related computer-mediated support groups. The results indicated that health-related stigma was positively associated with preference for weak-tie support, and preference for weak-tie support was found to moderate the relationship between stigma and both stress and depression. The implications of the findings for the role of on-line weak-tie network supportive relationships in reducing stigma and its application to developing support-focused health interventions and segmenting potential intervention participants are discussed.  相似文献   

20.
Abstract

There is limited qualitative research on the information-seeking self-efficacy (SE) of library and information science (LIS) graduate students. This study examines graduating LIS students’ experiences with information seeking, including experiences in the LIS program that led to increased levels of information-seeking SE and specific recollections of moments when SE increased. Many students identified similar factors as key to developing SE, including education-related assignments, library work experience, LIS internships, and specific LIS coursework. Because of the small sample size, further research would help to identify additional factors that promote LIS students’ information-seeking SE.  相似文献   

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