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1.
Galileo’s discovery of the properties of pendulum motion depended on his adoption of the novel methodology of idealisation. Galileo’s laws of pendulum motion could not be accepted until the empiricist methodological constraints placed on science by Aristotle, and by common sense, were overturned. As long as scientific claims were judged by how the world was immediately seen to behave, and as long as mathematics and physics were kept separate, then Galileo’s pendulum claims could not be substantiated; the evidence was against them. Proof of the laws required not just a new science, but a new way of doing science, a new way of handling evidence, a new methodology of science. This was Galileo’s method of idealisatioin. It was the foundation of the Galilean–Newtonian Paradigm which characterised the Scientific Revolution of the 17th century, and the subsequent centuries of modern science. As the pendulum was central to Galileo’s and Newton’s physics, appreciating the role of idealisation in their work is an instructive way to learn about the nature of science.  相似文献   

2.
Force in modern classical mechanics is unique, both in terms of its logical character and the conceptual difficulties it causes. Force is well defined by a set of axioms that not only structures mechanics but science in general. Force is also the dominant theme in the ‘misconceptions’ literature and many philosophers and physicists alike have expressed puzzlement as to its nature. The central point of this article is that if we taught mechanics as the forum to discuss the nature of mechanics itself, then we would serve to better secure a learner’s understanding and appreciation of both science and mathematics. We will attempt to show that mechanics can provide the opportunity for students to enter this meta-discourse by engaging in Socratic discussion, entertaining thought experiments, comparisons made between force as defined within mechanics as a modern axiomatic system with Newton’s quantitative definition of force, how the concepts of force prior to Galileo and Newton can be used as a teaching aid with respect to student intuitive ideas and how mathematics was brought to bear on what is given empirically. Mechanics provides this opportunity and pedagogically may require it due to its axiomatic nature.  相似文献   

3.
多元文化教育兴起于20世纪的西方国家,也是当今国际教育界普遍关注的热点领域之一,其产生有着深刻的历史背景和文化根源.传入我国之后,对于我国的教育有诸多启示.文章关注在多元文化背景下教师角色的发展和变化,重新审视教师在多元文化教育中的地位和作用.笔者认为在多元文化背景下,教师的角色是:学生心灵的守护者、多元文化的欣赏者、多元文化教育环境的创设者和维护者、多元文化教育研究的积极行动者和地方文化的传承者.  相似文献   

4.
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5.
Despite a long history of interest in North American and Western European literature, researchers in the UK are only now beginning to turn attention to the issue of academic stress in schoolchildren and how it may affect emotional well‐being, health and performance on school assessments. Based on the author's experiences of designing an extensive research project, this article explores the conceptual and methodological difficulties encountered when designing and conducting research in this area. First, there is a lack of precision in terminology used. The terms ‘stress’, ‘anxiety’ and ‘worry’ are used interchangeably in the literature as if they referred to the same phenomenon, and the domains of ‘examination stress’ and ‘academic stress’ are not clearly defined. As a consequence, it is not clear exactly what phenomenon the literature is actually referring to. Second, it is not always clear in the literature what the term ‘stress’ is referring to. In some cases, it is being used to refer to the properties of a stimulus (e.g. an examination) and in other cases to the subjective experience of distress. Assuming a subjective experience of distress will necessarily follow from a particular stimulus is problematic as it fails to account for the interpretation of that stimulus to the student involved. The much ignored construct of test anxiety may offer some advantages to the researcher by having a clearly defined domain and referent. Third, there is an overwhelming bias in the research towards quantification and ways of ‘measuring’ stress and anxiety in students. The usefulness of this approach is considered along with the potential advantages of alternative approaches.  相似文献   

6.
Evidence has shown that students have greatly increased their consumption of digital video, principally through video sharing sites. In parallel, students’ participation in video sharing and creation has also risen. As educators, we need to question how this can be effectively translated into a positive learning experience for students, whilst examining how willing students actually are to critically engage with digital video and analysing how best to hone their digital literacy skills. Firstly, this article presents a cross-cultural analysis of Irish and Indian students’ perception of themselves as creators of digital video and examines their readiness to produce such videos as part of third level curricula. Secondly, it attempts to quantify the expose of both student cohorts to video sharing and creation. Thirdly, it analyses student perceptions of what challenges they face as they move from consumers to creators of digital video. Results indicate that whilst students are willing to adopt digital video for academic tasks, this article will analyse what supports and considerations need to be put in place in order for its successful integration in curricula.  相似文献   

7.
新时期以来关于社会主义现实主义"名存实亡"的观点,在电视剧领域是不对的。由于创作方式、传播方式和管理理念等方面的特殊性,电视剧自始至今大量采用社会主义现实主义创作方法,也有许多电视剧批评者长期实践着"名副其实"和"有实无名"的社会主义现实主义批评。  相似文献   

8.
我国广告事业快速发展,但广告语言却陷入了修辞困境：一方面广告语中运用的修辞手段层出不穷,不断翻新,广告语制造修辞幻象的能力不断增加;另一方面,广告语对受众的实际影响力和作用力却在不断下降。广告人的修辞努力不仅未能对广告语的效用进行增值,反而导致了其语用效力的下降,广告语正遭遇着严重的语言贬值。导致这一困境的根本原因在于广告创作者的修辞努力背离了语言运用的基本规律和修辞的根本出发点,从而催生了种种造成不良语用效果的负面修辞现象,其中较典型的有比比皆是的抄袭模仿、夸饰性用语的过度使用、语言的过度变异、言与实的严重不符等。在这些负面修辞现象的背后,掩藏着功利至上和技巧至上这两大流行观念误区。中国的广告语的创作只有抛弃这些流行的观念误区和错误的修辞导向,才能摆脱当前的修辞困境,走上健康发展的道路。  相似文献   

9.
高校班主任作为班级生活的组织者和班级氛围的缔造者,他们是我国大学生管理工作的主力军。为了深入了解职班主任的工作现状和工作效果,文章结合班主任工作情况调查表,就学生对班主任认可与接纳程度、班主任的工作投入以及班主任作用发挥进行研究。结果表明高校班主任的设立非常必要,但由于工作压力、班主任津贴等方面的原因,班主任的作用并未得到完全发挥,班主任队伍建设有待进一步加强。  相似文献   

10.
This thesis is a preliminary study of American legal culture.Nowadays more and more scholars see the importance of legal culture and do studies on it.The author selects a number of American legal TV plays and movies;analyzes their topics,main characters,and plots;then finds out why United States adopt the legal system;what kind of legal culture it has;and how the legal culture is reflected in those movies and TV plays.The author hopes this thesis can work not only as an insight into the American legal culture,but also a source of reference for china to improve its legal system.  相似文献   

11.
Abstract

The apparently simple question, ‘Does philosophy of education have a future?’, is without a simple answer. Like so many other questions, it all depends on what we mean, and in this case, what we mean by the expression ‘philosophy of education’. I shall look at it in all of three ways: as a social institution, as an academic activity and as an intellectual pursuit. By doing so, it will become evident that consideration of each of them in turn will give somewhat different answers, which not only adds to the complexity of the question, but also adds to the richness of the answer. From this we, as individuals and as members of a particular community, can begin to reflect on the sort of future philosophy of education might have and what, if anything, we ought to do about it.  相似文献   

12.
For more than 25 years, a large percentage of young Australian children has been involved in arts and cultural experiences, but very little systematic information has been gathered to understand what they gain from these encounters. This article investigates young children’s cultural engagement and wellbeing within a festival experience – as creators making work for an exhibition at the festival, and as consumers participating in theatre, dance and festival activities. The case study involved 105 children (64 girls and 41 boys, aged 7 years 11 months to 9 years 1 month) and used a mixed methods approach incorporating quantitative surveys, qualitative focus groups and participant observation. Though the surveys did not show any changes in children’s views of wellbeing before, during or after the festival, focus group conversations revealed almost unanimous perspectives of positive wellbeing after the festival. The findings indicate that children’s wellbeing is a complex phenomenon that may be best explored using composite standpoints of children, teachers, parents and artists for achieving a clearer understanding.  相似文献   

13.
This paper explores how diversity is used as a key term to describe the social and educational mission of universities in Australia. The paper suggests that we need to explore what diversity ‘does’ in specific contexts. Drawing on interviews with diversity and equal opportunities practitioners, the paper suggests that ‘diversity’ is used in the face of what has been called ‘equity fatigue’. Diversity is associated with what is new, and allows practitioners to align themselves and their units with the existing values of their universities. However, given this, diversity can mean potentially anything: and practitioners have to re‐attach the term ‘diversity’ to other more marked terms such as equality and justice if it is to ‘do anything’. The paper explores the appeal of diversity, the strategic nature of diversity work, and the role of commitment, leadership and training. It also offers some more general reflections on how language works within organisations by showing that words, although they do things, are not finished as forms of action: what they do depends not only on how they are used, but how they get taken up.  相似文献   

14.
In this conceptual article, we focus on mentoring as a strategy to mend the cracks in the education pipeline for African American graduate students. Our article highlights the African American Mentoring Program (AAMP) model and examines the unique methods it uses to support the retention and graduation of African American graduate students from a university and their transition to the workforce. AAMP operates from a Transitional Cultural Framework and strives to bridge the gap between the students’ culture and the culture of the university. AAMP’s uniqueness is harnessed in its deep roots in culture, history, collectivism, and inter-generational sharing of knowledge. We end with implications and recommendations for universities and future research.  相似文献   

15.
Personalisation is an emerging ‘movement’ within education. Its roots reside in marketing theory, not in educational theory. As a concept it admits a good deal of confusion. It can refer either to a new mode of governance for the public services, or it qualifies the noun ‘learning’, as in ‘personalised learning’. The concern here is with its intellectual affinity to child‐centred education, one which the government in England has strongly denied. On balance, the government’s view of personalisation is not of a piece with what may commonly be regarded as child‐centred education. But the strong semantic accord between the terms ‘personalisation’ and ‘child‐centred education’ provokes a question: why does the government not provide a term which unequivocally distinguishes its current ‘vision’ for education from child‐centred education? By retaining the term personalisation, the government purports to do two things: first, because of its focus on personalised ‘tailored’ needs and co‐produced solutions, it adapts education even further to a consumerist society; and second, because the term personalisation strikes a chord with the discourse of child‐centred education, it blurs the fact that little to do with pedagogy or with curriculum has in fact been changed. The term personalisation generates a nostalgic appeal to better times long gone.  相似文献   

16.
This article interprets interview-based research to reveal an incongruity between coinciding discourses of the twenty-first-century global marketplace and aspirations to universal equality, both contained within the claim that American university students must study abroad to become ‘global citizens’. It argues that there are deep tensions between two very different images of what citizenship entails – one treats education as a zero-sum means towards the maximisation of a specific set of bounded interests, while the other pictures education as a site of deliberation. It then reassesses both in light of an ethic of paradoxical self-critique to which both inadvertently lay claim.  相似文献   

17.
The notion of site is critical to ethnography and provides a sense of spatial stability – somewhere the researcher enters in order to research what is contained within. Using contemporary understandings of space, the author reflects on two studies to explore the (im)possibility of poststructuralist ethnography. The first study was undertaken in a ‘real’ school utilising a multi-method approach over a long period of time. The other was conducted in community-based schools where minority language and culture are taught. Such schools operate on a part-time basis and are often referred to as ‘after hours’ schools. These operate, as if by stealth, in borrowed spaces – schools not in use by their normal classes, during normal school times. The nature of these schools necessitated utilising different research approaches. The almost transient nature of ‘after hours’ schools reinforce temporal–spatial instabilities as critical to understanding site as social rather than fixed.  相似文献   

18.
Video tends to be imbalanced as a medium. Typically, content creators invest enormous effort creating work that is then watched passively. However, learning tasks require that users not only consume video but also engage, interact with, and repurpose content. Furthermore, to promote learning across domains where content creators are not necessarily videographers, it is important that capture tools facilitate creation of interactive content. In this paper, we describe some early experiments toward this goal. Specifically, we describe a needfinding study involving interviews with amateur video creators as well as our experience with an early prototype to support expository capture and access. Our findings led to a system redesign that can incorporate a broad set of video-creation and interaction styles.  相似文献   

19.
The phenomenon of industrial melanism (IM) became widely acknowledged as a well-documented example of natural selection largely as a result of H.B.D. Kettlewell’s pioneering research on the subject in the early 1950s. It was quickly picked up by American biology textbooks starting in the early 1960s and became ubiquitous throughout the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s. While recent research on the phenomenon broadly supports Kettlewell’s explanation of IM in the peppered moth, which in turn has strengthened this example of natural selection, textbook IM entries have actually declined in recent years in favor of other examples. In a previous paper, we drew attention to the pivotal role visual aspects played in the introduction of IM into (and its subsequent removal from) textbook accounts. The present article continues this investigation by analyzing textual passages on industrial melanism within a stratified random sample of textbooks from the 1960s to the 2000s. The fact that this example of natural selection was included by multiple publishers independently, in a short period of time, makes it uniquely qualified for a textbook study of this kind. The purpose of the present project was to determine whether these textbooks contain what has come to be known as the standard peppered moth story. Three complete series were also inspected for change across time. Our analysis focused on (1) the amount of text devoted to industrial melanism; (2) what specific science content elements were present; and (3) what, if any, nature of science (NOS) aspects were included. The study documents an increase in the amount of text devoted to industrial melanism over the decades. In spite of this increase, only modest changes in science content and NOS aspects were found.  相似文献   

20.
目前在教育实践中对教学领导力的认识还存在理念不清、内涵不明的情况。通过对以美、英为主的国外教学领导力研究文献梳理,从教学领导力内涵建构与演进角度深入认识其内在机理,厘清其将目标从单一的校长个体中解放开来,逐渐关注到不同层级领导者在教学领导力中的聚合作用,强调教学领导力的监督功能和教学领导力中不同因素、人员之间交互作用的聚合价值。基于对教学领导力内涵和概念框架的理解,梳理其对校长发展与教师、学生、课程改革实践建构的价值,提出教学领导力的实施与发展取向,有助于人们全面客观地看待教育的发展和实践方向,助力于中国的教育教学变革。  相似文献   

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