首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 296 毫秒
1.
Psychological, sociological and learning issues and their possible relevance to the behaviour of children diagnosed ADHD were investigated. A questionnaire containing 29 items derived from recommendations for assessment considerations presented in the British Psychological Society's Working Party Report, ADHD-A Psychological Response to an Evolving Concept , was circulated to schools. Teachers provided views as to the extent these items were having a bearing on behaviour for a cohort of 239 pupils. Two main areas of influence were identified-learning difficulties and psychological problems. Correlation analyses suggested clusters of influential items within these two areas occur according to the educational year of the child. A general trend emerged suggesting that as children get older, psychological problems have an increasingly significant bearing on presenting behaviour. Poor literacy is highlighted as a significant area of concern across a range of year groups. The research reveals serious flaws in the effectiveness of inter-professional liaison. Findings are discussed in relation to providing a framework for detailed assessment of factors that may influence behaviour, and thus for planning effective intervention. The value of the ADHD label is questioned.  相似文献   

2.
Over the last six years there has been a massive increase in the number of students studying for practice-based doctorates in Art and Design. It is now possible to do a practice-based PhD in over forty departments, although what is expected from doctoral students varies considerably across institutions. In 1997 the United Kingdom Council for Graduate Education (UKCGE) addressed the variance between practice-based doctorates in the report Practice-Based Doctoratesin the Creative and Performing Arts and Design. This paper examines the recommendations made by the report and asks to what extent does it acknowledge art as a legitimate research practice within the university. The UKCGE report recommends that all practice-based PhDs have a substantial theoretical and  相似文献   

3.
The most thoroughly researched topic in relation to autistic spectrum disorders (ASDs) is the evaluation of interventions. Educational psychology in the United Kingdom and Ireland is the most closely allied profession to school psychology in the United States. In considering what is published by and for the profession, it is important to include all of those journals that are directly relevant to the profession including educational psychology journals. This review reports on the type, focus, and quality of school‐based ASD intervention research reported in school and educational psychology journals between 2005 and 2015. Twelve evaluation studies are reported, which evaluated 10 discrete interventions and two commercial packages. These interventions targeted academic, social, communication, and behavioral outcomes. Implications for the practice of school psychologists are discussed including the application of research to the idiographic nature of the work of school psychologists.  相似文献   

4.
The relevance of psychological knowledge to education and learning has been recognized for long time. Educational psychology was thus, one of the first subdisciplines of applied psychology to emerge on the academic scene, and most scholars in the area — internationally as well as in the Nordic countries — have had a firm grounding in psychology. For a couple of decades or more during the second half of this century, educational psychology held a central position within education in most of the Nordic countries. Research within this field has been varied and vigorous. However, although psychological theories should be seen as important intellectual resources, it must be recognized that the relationship between a general discipline such as psychology and a particular area such as education is complex. Important problematics inherent in this relationship are illuminated and discussed in the contribution by Säljö on Sweden. It is argued, that recent attempts to develop a cultural psychology, explicitly recognizing the socio‐cultural nature of learning and other psychological processes, promise to pave the way for conceptions of human activities that are relevant to human concerns in general. The second article in this section, on Finland, contrasts with the first by focusing on educational research performed during the last few decades. This article describes trends in the content and methodologies of this research. The developmental orientation has been very strong in Finnish educational psychology during the whole of the post‐war period. Early research was highly influenced by a differential‐psychology approach, whereas later research has adopted social, motivational and cognitive frameworks. This article discuss the influential theoretical trends and developments.  相似文献   

5.
Psychology regulation bodies increasingly recognise interprofessional education (IPE) as important in equipping students for modern practice. In this article we report the first comprehensive systematic review of IPE among psychology students. We appraise and summarise the literature about the use of IPE in undergraduate and postgraduate psychology programs in the last 10 years. PRISMA methods were used in a systematic review of 10 electronic databases from May 2009 to May 2019. We included 19 studies comprising a sample of approximately 3447 participants with most studies conducted in the United States of America, the United Kingdom and Australia. Programs varied in scope ranging from interactions between psychology and one other discipline to up to 25 different degrees. All quantitative studies reported at least some positive results in areas such as attitudes towards interprofessional team work. Four of the five qualitative studies reported positive outcomes, and findings from the mixed-methods studies were similarly positive. Problems identified included challenges with remaining in scope of practice and issues with team dynamics. Overall, the review demonstrated that promising research exists regarding the impact of IPE on psychology students’ knowledge and attitudes and that the use and evaluation of IPE should be encouraged The evidence base requires improvement however via the inclusion of higher-level study designs, larger psychology cohorts and investigation of the effects of IPE on professional competencies and behaviour.  相似文献   

6.
According to the Conservative Party, the ‘age of egalitarianism is now over’. This article explores the development of egalitarianism in the United Kingdom in the last decade and the threat represented by the Education Reform Act 1988. It focuses on the political struggles over gender and ‘race’ equality in education since the significance of these struggles appears to have been neglected in current reassessments of social democracy. Teacher autonomy, child‐centred learning and freedom of curriculum choice, as defined by social democracy, have been challenged by campaigns for social equality. Yet calls for increased state intervention and more coercive strategies of reform were not conducive to a participatory democratic order. The analysis, therefore, demonstrates the tensions between equality and democracy as political goals within advanced capitalist societies, and suggests that not only liberal, but also the egalitarian approaches of the 1980s require critical re‐evaluation.  相似文献   

7.
Little research has examined the structure and prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in university students, including whether symptom structure conforms to the bidimensional (i.e., inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity) conceptualization of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSMV-IV; American Psychiatric Association, 1994) and whether self-reported symptoms vary across gender and country. A sample of 1,209 university students from three countries (Italy, New Zealand, and the United States) completed a 24-item self-report measure (the Young Adult Rating Scale) tapping ADHD symptomatology. Factor analyses within the U.S. and New Zealand samples supported a bidimensional symptom structure, whereas weaker support for this conceptualization was provided by the Italian sample. Participants did not vary significantly by gender in symptom report; however, Italian students reported significantly more inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity symptoms than students from the United States, and students from New Zealand reported more inattention symptoms than students from the United States. The prevalence of self-reported ADHD symptoms beyond DSM-IV thresholds for diagnosis ranged from 0% (Italian women) to 8.1% (New Zealand men). The implications of these results for the use of DSM-IV criteria in identifying university students with ADHD are discussed.  相似文献   

8.
The Royal Society Young People's Book Prize is awarded annually in the United Kingdom for the best science information book, and the winning book is chosen by panels of young people. This article discusses the findings of a study of the responses to the books and to their judging experience of young people who participated on panels in the 2011 Royal Society Young People's Book Prize. Interviews were conducted with 46 young people, aged from 8 to 14 years, from across the United Kingdom. The nature of contemporary non‐fiction books is discussed, specifically science information books. The impact of their design and format on reading is explored, as is the social nature of reading, which was a consequence of the judging panel context. The young people had opinions on the age range for which each book was most suitable, but they generally did so in such a way as to include themselves. It was found that their judging responsibilities contributed to these young people displaying a positive reading identity and sense of self‐efficacy.  相似文献   

9.
The School Science Curriculum Review (SSCR), sponsored in part by the Department of Education and Science itself, was established in the United Kingdom in September 1981 at a cost of £1 m. Its brief was, amongst other things ‘to provide a framework of science courses ... that will [provide] an appropriate education for all young people growing up in an advanced scientific and technological society’. The units for development work are groups of practising science teachers organized on a ‘periphery to centre’ model.

The study reported here is an evaluation of a science syllabus which is claimed by the authors to be typical of many such syllabuses in use in UK secondary schools today. It finds confusion between course objectives and the teacher's perceptions of what they see as the important objectives of science education. It is suggested that there are reasons to doubt the efficacy of the course in terms of its effect on children's attitudes to science.

The objectives model of curriculum development has had only marginal impact in the United Kingdom. The argument is put that whilst it is clear from a theoretical standpoint that content of a syllabus should be consequent upon derived objectives, and this is explicitly recognized by the hierarchy of the SSCR, such an approach will not come easily to practising science teachers. There is a distinct possibility that too strict an adherence to the ‘periphery to centre’ model propounded by the review will result in continued curriculum intransigence.  相似文献   

10.
Objectives: Educational practitioners play an important role in the referral and treatment of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study aimed to explore how educational practitioners conceptualise their beliefs about the causes of symptoms of ADHD. Method: Forty-one educational practitioners from schools in the United Kingdom participated in focus groups or individual interviews. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. Results: Practitioners’ beliefs fell into two categories: biological and environmental. Practitioners conceptualised the causes of ADHD in lay-theoretical models: a ‘True’ ADHD model considered that symptoms of ADHD in many cases were due to adverse environments; and a model whereby a biological predisposition is the root of the cause of the child’s symptoms. Conclusion: Differential beliefs about the causes of ADHD may lead to practitioners blaming parents for a child’s behaviour and discounting ADHD as a valid condition. This has implications for the effective support of children with ADHD in schools.  相似文献   

11.
A core component of applied educational and child psychology practice is the skilfulness with which practitioners are able to rigorously structure and conceptualise complex real world human problems. This is done in such a way that when they (with others) jointly work on them, there is an increased likelihood of positive outcomes being achieved for clients. The Problem-analysis Framework as discussed in this paper offers one way of working with such complexity which is grounded in a sound knowledge based in applied psychology. This paper provides further clarity on using the framework within applied practice. The authors were all trained in and use the Problem-analysis Framework and now work in many different types of applied settings within Australia, Iceland, New Zealand, Singapore and the United Kingdom. This paper illuminates important aspects of the problem-analysis approach itself for those currently learning it, as well as providing an aide-mémoire to those using it and those who want to develop their skills in this area.  相似文献   

12.
新近媒介效果研究证明,媒介的影响是有条件的而不是普遍的,媒介效果一方面依赖于受众的倾向性,另一方面受制于受众对媒介内容刺激物的接触情况。“O-S—O-R”作为新的媒介效果研究模式可以解释受众本身具有的个人心理和社会心理倾向。社会心理学传统在整个大众传播理论的七大理论传统之中“地位显赫”,其中受众研究就是社会心理学的一个特殊的研究领域。受众的动机、受众的态度、受众的心理倾向、受众的行为等问题本身都是传播学中的社会心理学问题。在具体研究过程中,重点是努力识别个体差异、有效设置“O”变量、合理计划研究步骤。  相似文献   

13.
Abstract

The changing relationship between institutional governance and management in the United Kingdom arising from the second report of the committee on standards in public life, the United Kingdom National Committee of Inquiry into Higher Education, and from significant increased government expenditure on higher education is examined. The framework of accountability within which higher education institutions operate is related to these reports. The Scottish Higher Education Funding Council's (SHEFC) perspective of the role of the governing body is examined and contrasted with Bargh, Scott and Smith's research on governing bodies. Both SHEFC's perspective and Bargh et al.’s research are also contrasted with, and related to, a number of National Audit Office (NAO) reports and also to Professor Sizer's investigation and the NAO report into allegations of misconduct at Glasgow Caledonian University (1998). Finally, the paper draws conclusions on the changing relationship between governing bodies and managements, on the requirement on governing bodies to demonstrate that they are appropriately constituted and operate effectively as corporate bodies, and on how these are reflected in the SHEFC code of good practice and good practice benchmarks.  相似文献   

14.
This article summarises the proceedings of a conference entitled ‘Teaching Statistics to Medical Undergraduates’. Eight invited speakers and discussants presented their views to an audience representing teachers of medical statistics from Universities throughout the United Kingdom and Irish Republic.  相似文献   

15.
学习型社会是小康社会的重要文化特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
十六大报告对学习型社会的论述被置于报告的第三大部分,揭示了创建学习型社会在建设小康社会中的地位和作用.学习型社会是小康社会的重要文化特征.  相似文献   

16.
“第三条道路”是当代美国民主党和英国工党等欧美左翼政党为解决全球化时代所面临的国内外问题而提出的政治理论主张,它主要体现在政府调控与市场机制、经济发展与社会公正、国家利益与国际合作等方面的平衡上。这种社会思潮在当代的兴起,顺应了冷战后资本主义国家社会、政治、经济、文化等新的发展变化的需要,也是对全球经济一体化的反应。中产阶级的扩大为“第三条道路”的兴起奠定了社会基础,为中左翼政党扩大政治影响并上台执政发挥了重要作用。目前,“第三条道路”尚未形成完整严谨的理论体系,还须实践的检验。  相似文献   

17.
ABSTRACT

This report gives an account of work in progress using biographical/life story methods to explore the under‐representation of women on computing courses in further education in the United Kingdom. It gives an illustrated account of the progress to date of our research, concentrating on exposition and analysis of the methodology of the study. By refining and extending the methods described here we hope to explore further the idea of the gendering of activities and interest in the field of computing.  相似文献   

18.
A growing body of research, largely from the global North, and particularly from North America, highlights the increasing psychiatrisation, medicalisation and psychologisation of children and childhood, and suggests that schools and educators play a key role in these processes. This increasing diffusion of psy-expertise within educational spaces signifies a cultural shift that has profound effects on teacher and student subjectivity, and on institutional and professional practices. Educators in many countries are said to be on the ‘front-line’ in identifying mental health issues, recommending treatment pathways, and sometimes helping to administer psychopharmaceuticals. The alacrity with which educators engage in these practices varies internationally, with reported occurrence being much higher in the United States and Canada, compared to the United Kingdom, where there is a lack of research. Drawing upon a case study in a UK primary school, this paper makes an original and timely contribution to research into UK teacher’s perceptions of inclusion in relation to social, emotional and behavioural difficulties and, in particular, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, as they navigate the interface of psychology and education. Contrary to some previous research, the educators in this study viewed the distribution of psychopharmaceuticals negatively, and showed a preference for psychotherapeutic approaches to inclusion. This research provides much needed empirical findings to a growing but largely theoretically informed body of research exploring whether, and if so then how, educators are implicated in the mobilisation of psy-expertise within children’s lives.  相似文献   

19.
The development of corporate leadership skills is seen as a crucial ingredient of management education programmes in higher education. Moreover, with the increasing globalisation of business activity, the education of those who will ultimately occupy positions of authority within organizations must take into account cross-cultural differences in the interpretation and conceptualisation of leadership. A key task for educators in this respect is to design and deliver programmes that facilitate an understanding and enhanced competence in the exercise of relevant skills that are sensitive to the complexity of the notion of leadership in a cross-cultural environment. The manner in which such objectives have been pursued on the full-time MSc in International Business and Management course, jointly run by Sheffield Business School, United Kingdom, and the International Business School at Groningen in the Netherlands, is the theme of this article. Working within an action research paradigm, the tutor responsible for the International Management Competencies module has sought, through three cycles, to plan and hone an approach designed to help students develop a cross-cultural perspective on corporate leadership. The nature of the challenge is analysed – specifically the generic nature of the treatment of leadership skills in much of the literature and the difficulties students face in relating what they learn to their own experiences. The three cycles are described. Consideration is also given to the lessons learnt both in terms of the treatment of leadership as a concept and as an international management competence and of further potential refinements in the learning and teaching process.  相似文献   

20.
The paper examines the impact of the transformations in doctoral education in the arts, humanities and social sciences in the United Kingdom over the past decade. It focuses on the introduction of formal research training and codes of research practice and in the first longitudinal candidate cohort study examines their impact on doctoral outcomes, especially Ph.D. submission rates. Results from this quantitative study show that engagement with research training, completion of a project outline and plan and appointment of a supervisory team were statistically positively associated with submission of the thesis within four years. It is concluded that the professionalisation of doctoral education by research training and codes of research practice has had a positive impact on doctoral educational outcomes.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号