共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
Albertus Samuel Koorts 《Higher Education in Europe》2000,25(3):381-386
The access policies of South African universities are influenced by sets of global, social, and economic factors. Although the second and third sets are predominantly local (South African), they are influenced by the first factor that gives rises to a fourth imperative, the economic factor. The latter, which is of increasing importance and is affected by the fact that students can ''vote'' for higher education institutions and programmes with their feet, is tricky. For if institutions sacrifice their core values to market imperatives, they will lose much of their utility as education institutions. 相似文献
2.
Fulufhelo G. Netswera Neo Mathabe 《Journal of educational administration and history》2006,38(1):29-40
This paper reviews briefly the relationship between the South African government and higher education. This relationship, which has shaped the landscape of higher education, is looked at on the premise that public institutions depend to a large extent on government for funding and other resources, and as such there has been constant influence and interference in higher education affairs. Whereas under colonial rule, the relationship mimicked that of the Scottish and British universities, the postcolonial relationships had their own characteristics, emulating government policies under apartheid and confirming therefore the establishment of two‐tier university systems. Like most African countries, South Africa is currently faced with an immense task to bring together economic, social and political stability. This requires proactive national policies to develop particular skills and therefore a focused intervention and delivery within and through the institutions of higher education. 相似文献
3.
The article discusses and tries to reconcile two phenomena; that, on one hand, in France, higher education is seriously underfunded, and that, on the other hand, public and private sector enterprises are experiencing shortages in the availability of highly qualified senior staff. At the same time, the need to obtain funding for higher education from sources other than the public authorities is recognized. Ways in which business may contribute to the funding of higher education are discussed, stress being laid on the use of the so‐called apprenticeship tax collected from enterprises and used to support higher education in given areas of training. The functioning and the receipts of this tax are analysed from a neo‐liberal perspective in terms of regional economic development, the types of institutions and programmes which receive subsidies from it, and amount per student. One obvious conclusion is that enterprises are loathe to contribute to the financing of initial education. On the other hand, since they are increasingly willing to finance specific and specialized training, universities, as distinct from other types of higher educations institutions in France, but having the necessary facilities and teaching staff, have been able to seize opportunities offered them to create special further training courses of use to enterprises. Hence, universities receive the largest share of the receipts of the apprenticeship tax. 相似文献
4.
UlrichUlrich Teichler 《Higher Education in Europe》1994,19(4):51-59
The article begins with an overview of the history of the importance given by European systems of higher education to the twin questions of the proper structures of higher education and the link between higher education and employment. From the mid‐1950's to the present, the debates on the two questions have sometimes been closely linked and sometimes barely linked at all. The point is that the link between increased employment and higher education is very complex and that signals are unclear. There is no proof, for instance, that over the long‐term, graduates of non‐university higher education institutions will be better protected against unemployment than graduates of traditional universities, particularly those from non‐traditional and diversified programmes within these universities. Still a non‐hierarchical diversity of institutions and programmes seems best suited to the long‐term employment prospects of students. Also, information sources on higher education and employment must be made more accurate and more comprehensive. 相似文献
5.
Japanese flagship universities at a crossroads 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
Akiyoshi Yonezawa 《Higher Education》2007,54(4):483-499
The increasing pace and scope of global structural change has left Japanese flagship universities at a crossroads. Reflecting
upon historical trends, current policy changes and respective institutional strategies for global marketing among Japanese
top research universities, the author discusses possible future directions for these institutions and how key decisions may
be influenced by selected national policies. By taking a more active role in building flagship universities and making use
of higher education for social and economic development, the Japanese government has already taken concrete measures to keep
apace with higher education policies of neighboring Asian countries. However, in the author’s view, whether or not Japan can
truly develop and maintain world-class universities ultimately depends on an overall improvement in the status of East Asian
higher education. 相似文献
6.
Despite the importance of trustees for higher education institutions, few studies address how they influence the institutions they steward. To address this gap, we used a social network approach within a comparative case study design to evaluate how trustees interacted with two private, elite universities: Harvard University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. While trustees interacted with these institutions in differing ways, results indicated that some of them significantly influenced institutional behaviors, structures, and policies. This suggests that the role of trustees should be re-conceptualized to reflect their ability to influence higher education institutions, making them a fundamental part of the microfoundations of these institutions. 相似文献
7.
考生择校是为了获取高等教育投资的最大内部报酬。基于这种假设,影响考生决策的主要因素是高等教育投资的个人直接成本,拟选择学校所属行业的平均职工工资水平以及目标学校的综合实力和就业率等。但考生个人的理性经济行为有可能导致生源和人力资源地域和校际间分布的失衡,为此需要通过国家公共政策调控,社会舆论引导和高校综合实力的提升与优质教育服务的提供来调节地域、行业、校际间的分布。 相似文献
8.
高校自主招生改革:动因、问题与对策 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
张亚群 《北京大学教育评论》2010,8(2):30-42,187
自主招生是高校适应自主办学和素质教育要求而实施的重要变革,受高校、政府、基础教育及社会舆论推动。这项改革增强了招考的选择性与适应性,但也存在公平与效率等方面的突出问题。重点大学自主招生不利于农村考生和弱势群体的平等竞争,自主选拔成本高、效率低,也未能降低中学生的学业压力和升学竞争程度。推进自主招生改革,应坚持科学发展观,大力促进基础教育均衡发展,扩大选才面;应全面理解自主招生的含义,兼顾高校办学要求和国家、社会的根本利益;改进招生选拔方式,提高选才效率;加强社会监督和舆论引导,扩大自主招生的社会诚信。 相似文献
9.
《Higher Education in Europe》1977,2(1):7-9
The rôle of higher education in the process of socio‐economic development is widely recognised, but the particular institutional forms and programmes vary subject to the levels of socio‐economic development, needs and possibilities found in different countries. In this context UNESCO organized a Seminar on the Problems Involved in Setting‐up New Types of Higher Education Institutions and Programmes in Developing Countries and Regions (Paris, 5‐8 October 1976), which was attended by 10 participants from developing countries and observers from several international organizations.
New types of higher education establishment in developing countries were examined, and attention was given to new forms of study programme in existing institutions of higher education (eg. open universities, television universities, workers’ universities, correspondence and sandwich courses, etc.). The main trends and problems were identified and proposals were formulated for further UNESCO activities in this field.
Information on the main issues of the meeting is given below. 相似文献
10.
Chris Duke 《Higher Education in Europe》1991,16(1):46-55
The higher education system of the United Kingdom, of which the universities are only part, is changing rapidly. Although broad social conditions explain why universities should be centres of lifelong learning and specific institutional needs are in fact pushing them in this direction, changing demography is only one explanation among many. The kinds of programmes and related policies concerning students, teaching and curricula which are seen as relevant to continuing or lifelong education are widening and diversifying as the political and funding environment of higher education also changes. Research on continuing education and that generated by it are also being perceived differently. The new decade of the 1990's seems likely to witness significant changes in what is identified as continuing education as present trends in favour of integration or mainstreaming accelerate and new arrangements are made for more accessible and flexible forms of study both for degrees and for short courses. This process will be a part of a wider and more fundamental change as higher education moves somewhat towards a mass from an élite model and as the concept of a university and of a university education changes in step behind these changes in practice. The possibility exists that more fundamental changes in the initial undergraduate curriculum will also make universities more effective centres in terms of preparing their young students for lifelong learning. 相似文献
11.
ABSTRACT Faculties are aging along with the rest of society. Low retirement rates and slow growth limit the number of new hiring opportunities in many institutions. Universities face a series of common challenges that will shape higher education in the 21st century. In order to maintain high quality faculties in the coming years, universities must develop compensation policies and employment practices that are appropriate for the new economic and demographic environment. This paper examines existing human resources (HR) policies and considers potential modifications that will enable institutions to recruit, retain, and retire faculty in the coming years. The analysis reviews the soaring cost of health insurance for active and retired faculty and how these plans are being amended. We also review the widespread adoption of phased retirement plans and the use of early retirement programs as components of HR policy. The increasing reliance on nontenure track faculty is also described. The analysis focuses on the challenges that universities face in the current economic and demographic conditions and the methods that administrators can adopt to fulfill their teaching and research missions. The paper presents the results from a national conference consisting of new research and intense discussion by scholars, administrators, policymakers, and HR consultants. 相似文献
12.
新建地方本科院校学科建设的思考与实践 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
新建地方本科院校,作为中国高等教育的一支生力军,具有广阔的发展前景,面临着发展的机遇和严峻的挑战。作为地方性院校,新建本科院校要明确自己的使命,在学科建设上要找准定位,即面向区域经济建设,面向社会需求确定学科方向,规划学科布局,凝练学科特色,以学科建设为龙头构筑办学新格局。 相似文献
13.
David Mahony 《高等教育研究与发展》1990,9(1):7-20
Australia is now moving into a unitary system of higher education following the current merger of the advanced education sector with the universities. As Australia will be without a non‐university higher education alternative, the resultant institutions are appropriately termed comprehensive universities. This article examines government policies which resulted in this extensive restructuring and discusses inadequacies in the conceptualisation of the post‐Dawkins university. Responses to the prospect of nationwide amalgamations and the ways in which they are being carried out are also discussed. Reference is made to the main challenges which will confront the new comprehensive universities.
Some have called the new changes in Australian higher education “a revolution”, a characterisation which is not altogether hyperbolic. 相似文献
14.
This article examines why numbers have declined in French science universities. It shows that the main causes of this decline are the growth in student numbers between 1985 and 1995 and the changes that this brought about in the educational and social composition of the student population. Since the mid‐1990s, increasingly fewer French students have been enrolling for science subjects at university. Speaking of a ‘loss of interest in science among young people’ is nevertheless premature. The phenomenon is primarily due to socio‐demographic changes. As a result of their position in French higher education, universities, which do not operate a selective admission policy, are a last resort for students rejected by the selective options. Between 1985 and 1995, when student demographics grew apace, universities absorbed most of this growth. After 1995, the supply of selective training increased, while student demographics stagnated. As a result, university enrolments have declined, especially in the sciences. At the same time, holders of science baccalaureates have not been as top‐notch, educationally and socially, as they were fifteen years previously. These students from more modest backgrounds and performing less well in education are shying away from the sciences which are reputed to be more difficult and less ‘profitable’ than other subjects. 相似文献
15.
This study attempts to establish the extent to which study programmes and study conditions within selected fields of study vary among institutions of higher education in the Federal Republic of Germany and the extent to which diversification has an impact on the careers and work assignments of graduates. All persons who graduated during the 1983‐1984 and 1984‐1985 academic years in mechanical engineering, economics/business, and social work from seven institutions of higher education were surveyed during their final year of study, again in a longitudinal study two years after graduation, and finally, four to five years after graduation. The authors come to the conclusion that the vertical diversification of higher education in the Federal Republic of Germany has had a less pronounced effect on the careers of graduates, over the last few years, than had been expected. No dominant elements of study programmes and study conditions could be identified which might explain study outcomes, careers, and job assignments. 相似文献
16.
朱国仁 《集美大学学报(教育科学版》2004,5(3):3-7
经济形态是高等教育因而也是高等学校存在与发展的重要基础，反映社会与高等学校关系的高等学校职能，自然要受其制约，并随着它的转化而变化。所以，三种经济形态下的高等学校的职能也截然不同。高等学校职能随着经济形态转换而演变的过程体现出一些鲜明的特点：经济形态是高等学校职能存在与演变的主要社会基础和动力；知识的发展及其价值和作用的变化是高等学校职能演变的直接动因；现代高等学校职能的演变是高等学校或高等教育不断社会化的过程；高等学校职能的演变是其内涵和结构不断丰富和完善的过程。 相似文献
17.
This article focusses on the types of assistance which the universities in the western European countries could render to their peers in Eastern Europe. It explores the ways in which this aid would contribute to the elaboration of the transnational culture of the New European Home. Stress is laid on the need to integrate the educational and research activities of European universities for the training of new intellectual élites. A considerable expansion of student exchanges is suggested, particularly the training of foreign language teachers in foreign universities. The universities should rediscover and lay stress on humanism and end their participation in military research. They should prepare bachelor's and master's degree holders capable of working as teachers in other types of higher education institutions and as researchers and theorists in various types of cultural establishments. The article concludes with an examination of the scope and the operation of the International Environmental and Cultural Centre of Norway which is operated by the Byelorussian State University and the Folk High School of Agder, Norway. This centre is cited as an example of the type of inter‐university centre which should be established all over Europe so as to further the integration of European universities. 相似文献
18.
Corrado Bighi 《Higher Education in Europe》1993,18(1):58-67
The gap between social reality and the Italian higher education system, which is little geared to respond to massive social demand, has had a negative impact on the quality of education. The research institutions are in a similarly difficult situation. Thus it is mandatory that the role and functions of the individual universities and research centres be redefined and properly coordinated. During the tenth Italian legislature, various measures were implemented to initiate the reform of the university and the research system. The role of the state, previously assigned to the Ministry of Public Education and to the Ministry of Coordination of Scientific and Technological Research Projects, has been redefined and reduced, and the principles of university and research autonomy were defined in bills debated in the Parliament, to be followed by a law developing and refining the regulation of this area. The autonomy of the university and of research institutions is never permanent; it must be re‐established from time to time. This need is never more obvious than in the frequent disputes over academic freedom and university autonomy. 相似文献
19.
Claudius Gellert 《Higher Education in Europe》1993,18(2):78-84
A tendency towards academic drift and the blurring of boundaries exists in most differentiated higher education institutions as faculty members, particularly in non‐university sector institutions, seek to emulate the research paradigm of universities. As non‐university sector institutions perform essential educational and training roles in meeting the labour requirements of complex developed societies, their specific characteristics and functions must be protected. The best way to guarantee protection is to maintain the separate administrative identities of non‐university sector institutions and to encourage an ethos favouring such separation. 相似文献
20.
法国科研体制与当前改革 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
法国公共科学研究实际上由专门研究机构和高等教育机构共同承担。本文概述了法国科研体制与法律环境,法国高等教育科研"增值"的机制、过程与结果,同时简析法国大学、科研机构和企业三足鼎立的特点。法国国家科学研究中心与大学的合作提高了法国大学的创新力,但大学与大学校的联系不够密切,影响了各自科研能力的发挥。 相似文献