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1.
Ionel Haiduc 《Higher Education in Europe》1995,20(4):170-175
Seemingly unlike the cases of the Academies of Sciences in the other eastern and central European countries, the Romanian Academy wishes to continue sponsoring state‐of‐the‐art‐research to be undertaken in its own network of research institutes. This decision comes both as a reaction to attempts made by the Ceauescu regime to destroy the Academy completely and the realization that other major models of national research policy, notably the US model, the western European model, and an intermediate one adopted in Mexico, are not easily adapted to Romanian reality. The specifically Romanian model chosen, of beginning with two major sets of government supported research institutes subordinated either to the Ministry of Science and Technology or to the Romanian Academy, of linking them to the universities, and of adapting them according to the dictates of a market economy and democratization seems to be the best option. 相似文献
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S. Luby 《Higher Education in Europe》1995,20(4):91-94
The transformation of a socialist‐type Academy of Sciences into an institution capable of functioning in a democratic market economy is described. Prior to 1989, the Slovak Academy of Sciences was the state mandated coordinator of science and technology in Slovakia and was funded directly by the state budget. Since 1990, the Academy has had to share many of its prerogatives with other authorities and institutions, as in the case of the universities in regard to doctoral programmes, or to cede them out‐right, as in the case of the Ministry of Education and Science in regard to the coordination of basic research. Its budget has been drastically cut. It has also had to contend with the introduction of a western type of grant programme and system of evaluation for its subordinate institutes, some of which have been closed. In short, the Slovak Academy of Sciences must compete in an increasingly open science market in which it must give proof both of the quality of its work and of the relevance of the latter to the needs of society. 相似文献
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Olof G. Tandberg 《Higher Education in Europe》1995,20(4):57-64
In common with the Academies of Science of the other European countries, the Romanian Academy traces its origins back to a local scholarly society founded in 1795 in Sibiu to promote the study of the Romanian Language and of Romanian history. Such origins were as much influenced by Herder's stress on the importance of local culture as by Liebnitz's urging that all the great rulers of Europe create academies of science to be in the service of the state. In common with the Academies in the other eastern and central European countries, the Romanian Academy suffered under communism but was re‐established with a new lease on life after the collapse of the communist regime. The oldest international non‐governmental organization committed to international scientific co‐operation is the International Council of Scientific Unions (ICSU) that was created in 1931. Its Standing Committee on the Free Circulation of Scientists (SCFCS), created in 1963, contributed to liberalizing science in the communist countries and in bringing about the rebirth of the Academies in eastern and central Europe after the collapse of communism. The Romanian Academy was a founding member of ICSU. 相似文献
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Well before the full independence of Latvia and the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Latvia had begun to profoundly reform its national science system. Key events in the process were the foundation of the Latvian Union of Scientists in 1988 and the Latvian Council of Science in 1990. The next step was the radical reform of the Latvian Academy of Sciences such that it became an independent body of the classical academy type. By 1992, the Academy had adopted a new Charter and new Statutes. At the same time, the institutes which had been subordinated to the Academy became independent. In fact, many of the powers of the old Soviet‐style academy were assumed by the Council of Science and the Department of Science and Higher Education which was created within the Ministry of Education. The overall aim was to pattern Latvian science policy and its institutions on western European models. 相似文献
5.
Dale C. Brandenburg 《Performance Improvement Quarterly》1989,2(3):106-114
As part of NSPI's strategic plan, the NSPI Technology Council was created in 1987. In fulfilling its function to scan the technology domain for emerging contributions, the Technology Council has centered its initial efforts on improving communication between sources and users of information related to emerging human performance technology applications. Input for this effort is derived from a national network of “sensors” who monitor new developments. In speaking for the Technology Council, I have outlined the work of the Council over the past two years. Our plans, described here, are divided into six topics: information dissemination, conceptual models of working relationships, collaboration, feedback, research, and recognition. The Council's hope for this issue is that it will generate ideas from the readership resulting in significant improvements to our technology. 相似文献
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Aureliu Emil Sandulescu 《Higher Education in Europe》1995,20(4):132-136
The Romanian Academy decided to conduct an evaluation of its research institutes based on facts, quantitative statistical data and indicators, as well as on qualitative factors specific to each scientific domain. A first report, concerning input data analyses (human, material, and financial resources), was issued at the beginning of 1995. A second one, consisting of a revised and updated version of input analyses, as well as an output evaluation (publications, patents, etc.) was due to appear in the autumn of 1985. During the spring of 1995, the Romanian Academy initiated a research grant system, open to all Romanian scientists and research groups, for the competitive funding of projects in fundamental and advanced research. Applications are screened and selected by four autonomous expert panels, after an ex‐ante evaluation; midterm and final evaluations (ex‐post) are also foreseen. 相似文献
7.
进入新世纪,日本中央教育审议会和文部科学省发布了《幼儿教育振兴计划》等三份文件。本文以这三份文件为主要根据,探讨当前日本幼儿教育改革的新动向,并总结它对我国幼儿教育改革的启示。 相似文献
8.
Niculae Constantinescu 《Higher Education in Europe》1995,20(4):50-51
Although the Romanian Academy, as it had evolved through 1948, was dismantled by the communist government of the country, scientists in such fields as mathematics, physics, chemistry, technology, geology, medicine, and biology continued to be able to do outstanding work. It was only after 1969 that the Ceau?escu regime extended the work of destruction to these disciplines too. One of the first acts of the new government which came into power as a result of the Romanian Revolution of December 1989 was to call for the rebuilding of the Romanian Academy. 相似文献
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终身学习型专业发展:日本教师资格标准述评 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
日本在教师专业发展中,对教师的资质能力提出了明确要求,并在《教育职员资格法》和《教员资格更新制》中对教师资格的获得与晋升做出了明确规定,从法律上确保了教师专业发展的终身一体化进程。 相似文献
12.
Víctor Navarro-Brotóns 《Science & Education》2006,15(2-4):209-233
This essay examines some aspects of the teaching of mathematics and its applications in three of the principal sixteenth century
Spanish universities (Salamanca, Valencia and Alcalá) and in other institutions sponsored by the monarchy, such as the “Casa
de la Contratación” (House of Trade) of Seville and the so-called Academy of Mathematics of Madrid. All three of the above
universities had chairs of mathematics. In the Casa de la Contratación and other nautical schools the teaching of mathematics was oriented toward providing the foundations of navigation (nautical
astronomy, instruments and maps, etc.). The Academy of Mathematics was oriented mainly towards subjects related to cosmography
and navigation. Although the different areas of the teaching of mathematics imposed conditions on the discourses and practices
of the mathematical disciplines, they did not impede the circulation of persons, knowledge, and practices among these areas.
This work has partially financed by grants from Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology (BHA 2000–1456) and from Ministry
of Education and Science (BHA2003-08394-(02-01). 相似文献
13.
The publicly funded component of New Zealand's science system, which accounts for about two-thirds of the national R&D expenditure, has been almost completely restructured in the last five years. Like other far-reaching public sector reform in New Zealand, this has resulted in a separation of the policy, purchasing and operations roles and their placement in different organisations. The purchasing role is undertaken by the Foundation for Research, Science & Technology, which invests ca $287 million annually in R&D in line with broad priorities set by the government and more detailed Research Strategies of its own device. The Foundation has been required to establish a system of contestable funding, similar in principle to that in most other countries but previously absent from New Zealand. The Public Good Science Fund is described and compared with other systems for public funding of R&D. Remaining structural problems in the system, some of which constrain progress towards implementing the government's priorities, are identified and likely solutions are indicated. Future developments in the system will see increasing use ofex-post evaluation of research performance to complementex-ante peer review of research proposals, and the development of close linkages among research providers and research users, and between public investment and private investment in R&D. 相似文献
14.
Connors-Kellgren Alice Parker Caroline E. Blustein David L. Barnett Mike 《Journal of Science Education and Technology》2016,25(6):825-832
Journal of Science Education and Technology - For over a decade, the National Science Foundation’s Innovative Technology Experiences for Students and Teachers (ITEST) program has funded... 相似文献
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Heinrich Rothert 《European Journal of Engineering Education》1995,20(2):261-276
The fall of the Iron Curtain in 1989 led to the collapse of the communistic regimes in the Soviet‐dominated Eastern and Central European countries. The so‐called ‘East’ Germany, the German Democratic Republic (GDR), which in West German terminology means ‘Central’ or ‘Middle’ Germany, became part of the German Federal Republic on 3 October 1990. In the treaty on the establishment of German unity, the German Science Council (Wissenschaftsrat,) was given the task by the Federal Government and by those of the States (Länder) to undertake a survey of publicly financed facilities for science and research in the former GDR and make proposals for necessary renewal. The author was a member of two of the working groups of the German Science Council, in charge of producing an expert opinion on the future structure of engineering education in the five new Länder and Berlin (East). Having known the situation in the GDR long before the Wall came down, the author describes briefly the training of civil engineers and architects before and after German unification. Not every step in the legal procedure in the new five Länder can be documented here, and it is also not intended to discuss scientific research in the GDR in great detail. All the data produced in the following tables are taken from the reports of the German Science Council [1, 2]. For a better understanding of German school and university training, see [3]. When statements by ‘insiders’ are cited, colleagues in the GDR, well known to the author before 1990, are meant. 相似文献
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多年来,农学院利用中央财政支持项目、山东省"双一流学科(作物学)"建设项目、农学专业(群)项目,以及科技部、农业农村部、农村农业厅等重大科研建设项目约8300余万元,统筹规划,科研、教学融合一体化建设与管理,进一步提高建设投资效益,对提高科研水平和植物生产类专业学生的实践技能、创新精神、创新能力、综合素质发挥了重要作用,收到了良好效果。 相似文献
18.
Conclusion Beginning in 1989, the Ministry of Education and the National Science Council of Taiwan have sponsored an international biennial conference organized by different local universities. The purpose of this conference, the International Conference on Computers in Education (ICCE), is to report educational technology research. After the 1993 conference, it became a regional biennial conference held by different countries in the Asia-Pacific region. ICCE 95 was held in Singapore and ICCE 97 will be in Malaysia. After 1997, ICCE will again become an annual conference to reflect the growing research impetus in the region.In Taiwan, after exporting ICCE to the region, the funding agents continue to support an annual conference with a different name, International Conference on Computer Assisted Instruction (ICCAI). This locally organized conference has been held annually since 1994. As a natural result of these activities and consistent support by funding agents, a growing number of international publications are reporting on the more mature results of educational technology research at international conferences and in journals.Contributors included Jon-Chao Hong, Professor of Industrial Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taiwan; Jihn-Chang Jehng, Associate Professor, Human Resources Management, National Central University, Taiwan; Yu-Fen Shih, Associate Professor, Media and Library Science, Tamkang University, Taiwan; and Gary Chon-Wen Shyi, Associate Professor, Psychology, National Chung- Cheng University, Taiwan.Tak-Wai Chan is an Associate Professor of Computer Science and Information Engineering at National Central University. He is also the President of the Asia-Pacific Chapter of the Association for the Advancement of Computers in Education and is an Associate Editor of theInternational Journal of Educational Telecommunications. 相似文献
19.
基于CDIO-CMM的大学生创新能力成熟度评估体系研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
CDIO工程教育模式是由美国麻省理工学院和瑞典皇家工学院等四所知名大学共同研究出来的一种全新的工程教育理念。CMM,是从20世纪80年代中期,由美国国防部资助,卡内基.梅隆大学软件工程研究所最先提出的软件能力成熟度模型理论及其应用。将CDIO理念与CMM模型进行有益结合,从大学生创新能力成熟度分层、成熟度评估内容、成熟度评估环节、成熟度优化促进环节、成熟度评估体系的本土化及特色化过程等方面展开详细论述,对构建基于CDIO-CMM的大学生创新能力成熟度评估体系大有帮助。 相似文献
20.
Since achieving independence in 1991, the Republic of Latvia has taken radical measures to reform its system of science on a western model. The funding system has been overhauled, the Academy of Sciences, that used to be a kind of Ministry of Science, has become an academy of the classical type, and the advanced degrees of scientists inherited from the USSR‐era have been nostrificated. The big problem has been that of enacting the decision made to integrate the former institutes that were subordinated to the Latvian Academy of Sciences into the university system. The process has been resisted by university teachers who do not want to do research and by institute scientists who do not want to teach students, particularly undergraduate students. The article describes several measures that have been taken to deal with this problem which still remains unresolved. 相似文献