共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
John Olson 《课程研究杂志》2013,45(1):1-8
In contrast to past educational research that views graph-related activities in terms of mental ability, I offer a conceptualization of graphing as a semiotic activity. This move provides a more viable account not only of individual experiences, familiarity and socio-cultural factors during graph reading, but also of errors committed by students and 'experts' alike. I outline a model of semiotic activity that contains two elements not present in other semiotic theories: the process of parsing the perceptual field to construct relevant signs and the grounding of a sign through the dialectic of sign-to-referent and referent-to-sign movements. This model of semiotic activity also implies an integration of research on graphing (and other sign-related activities) into a more general concept of literacy. 相似文献
2.
Bruce Sherin 《科学教学研究杂志》2006,43(6):535-555
Over the last two decades, a significant body of research has documented the nature of intuitive physics knowledge—the knowledge of the world that students bring to the learning of formal physics. However, this research has yet to document the roles played by intuitive physics knowledge in expert physics practice. In this article, I discuss three related questions: (1) What role, if any, does intuitive knowledge play in physics problem solving? (2) How does intuitive physics knowledge change in order to play that role, if at all? (3) When and how do these changes typically occur? In answer to these questions, I attempt to show that intuitive physics knowledge can play a variety of roles in expert problem solving, including some roles that are central and directly connected to equations. This research draws on observations of college students working in pairs to solve physics problems. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 43: 535–555, 2006 相似文献
3.
Mark Carter 《教育心理学》2009,29(6):643-658
The present study examined the effects of manipulation of two graphing conventions on judgements of time‐series data by novice raters. These conventions involved the presence of phase change lines between baseline and intervention data and whether data points across phase changes were connected. The 1990 study of Matyas and Greenwood was also partially replicated and participant error rates were examined when responses were on a non‐binary scale (no effect, uncertain, clear effect) in contrast to the binary scale used in the original study. Thirty postgraduate special education students rated intervention effects on 36 graphs. There was no substantive evidence that graphing conventions affected judgements. Type I errors, defined as a response of ‘clear effect’ when no intervention effect was present, were very low (0–7%) and Type II errors were correspondingly high (0–100%), particularly with low intervention effects and high random error. Thus, judges were very conservative when using a non‐binary response scale, in contrast with the results of Matyas and Greenwood. Several directions for further research are proposed. 相似文献
4.
The present study investigated students' conceptions and misconceptions relating to the construction of graphs. Participants were 92 eighth-grade students randomly selected from two schools. Students were tested before and after being exposed to formal instruction on graphing. Qualitative analysis of students' responses identified three main kinds of alternative conceptions: (a) constructing an entire graph as one single point; (b) constructing a series of graphs, each representing one factor from the relevant data; and (c) conserving the form of an increasing function under all conditions. In addition, the following kinds of errors were displayed by less than 10% of the subjects: conceiving a generalized, stereotypic idea of a graph, using arrows or stairs to represent the direction of the covariation, and connecting the ticks on the axes by lines or curves. Quantitative analyses of the data indicated that overall students did not enter the learning situation as a tabula rasa. On the pretest, about a quarter of the students constructed correctly graphs representing increasing, constant, curvilinear, and decreasing functions, and many more students represented correctly at least one kind of function. Further analyses showed the stability and change in students' alternative conceptions after students were exposed to formal instruction about graphing. The theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed. 相似文献
6.
刘丹 《贵阳学院学报(自然科学版)》2011,6(3):54-59
为加强大学物理实验室的建设,我校购进了大量的新型大学物理实验仪器,对物理实验教学起到了积极的促进作用。所以对新型大学物理实验仪器的探讨就显得重要。新型大学物理实验仪器多在传统仪器原理的基础上应用传感器设计而成,该类仪器使实验变得简单方便、一目了然,大大提高了实验的效率,减小实验的误差,使实验起到更好的效果。但它们在优化... 相似文献
7.
Richard M. KubinaJr. Douglas E. Kostewicz Kaitlyn M. Brennan Seth A. King 《Educational Psychology Review》2017,29(3):583-598
Visual displays such as graphs have played an instrumental role in psychology. One discipline relies almost exclusively on graphs in both applied and basic settings, behavior analysis. The most common graphic used in behavior analysis falls under the category of time series. The line graph represents the most frequently used display for visual analysis and subsequent interpretation and communication of experimental findings. Behavior analysis, like the rest of psychology, has opted to use non-standard line graphs. Therefore, the degree to which graphical quality occurs remains unknown. The current article surveys the essential structure and quality features of line graphs in behavioral journals. Four thousand three hundred and thirteen graphs from 11 journals served as the sample. Results of the survey indicate a high degree of deviation from standards of graph construction and proper labeling. A discussion of the problems associated with graphing errors, future directions for graphing in the field of behavior analysis, and the need for standards adopted for line graphs follows. 相似文献
8.
图形计算器在中学数学探究性学习活动中的应用 总被引：4，自引：5，他引：4
倡导学生探究性学习活动已成为中学数学课堂教学改革的热点问题。其中，图形计算器的应用对促进学生的探究性活动具有重要的作用。将图形计算器有效地应用于中学数学教学，主要可从教学内容选择、教学过程设计、教学问题解析3方面来 实现。在使用图形计算器进行教学时要注意；及时向学生提供技术指导；采用灵活多样的教学组织形式。 相似文献
9.
Y. J. Dori A. Zohar D. Fischer-Shachor J. Kohan-Mass M. Carmi 《International Journal of Science Education》2018,40(6):595-620
This paper describes an Israeli national-level research examining the extent to which admissions of elementary school students to the gifted programmes based on standardised tests are gender-fair. In the research, the gifted students consisted of 275 boys, 128 girls, and additional 80 girls who were admitted to the gifted programme through affirmative action (AA). To assess these young students’ scientific thinking skills, also referred to as science practices, open-ended questions of case-based questionnaires were developed. The investigated scientific thinking skills were question posing, explanation, graphing, inquiry, and metacognition. Analysis of the students’ responses revealed that gifted girls who entered the programmes through AA performed at the same level as the other gifted students. We found significant differences between the three research groups in question posing and graphing skills. We suggest increasing gender-fairness by revising the standard national testing system to include case-based narratives followed by open-ended questions that assess gifted students’ scientific thinking skills. This may diminish the gender inequity expressed by the different number of girls and boys accepted to the gifted programmes. We show that open-ended tools for analysing students’ scientific thinking might better serve both research and practice by identifying gifted girls and boys equally well. 相似文献
10.
Allison Gonsalves 《Cultural Studies of Science Education》2014,9(2):461-467
In her article, Karin Due presents us with a contradiction in physics: the construction of physics as a symbolically masculine discipline alongside a simultaneous discourse of the “gender-neutrality” of the discipline. Due’s article makes an important contribution to the study of the gendering of physics practices, particularly in group dynamics, and how this serves to simultaneously reinforce the two competing discourses of physics as a masculine discipline, and the discourse of physics as a gender neutral discipline. Due also suggests that an implication of this contradiction is a limited number of available positions for girls in physics compared to those available to boys. I wish to take up this observation and discuss how available positions for boys and girls in physics are related quite closely to two other concepts discussed in Due’s article: competence and recognition. 相似文献
11.
12.
黄辉 《江西教育学院学报》2011,32(6):27-31,34
在物理教学中,许多物理定律和规律都是把实际的研究对象或物理过程抽象为理想化的物理模型,然后研究物理模型所涉及的物理量及其相互关系。由于物理试题是根据物理模型编拟出来的,所以解题时必须首先正确还原＂物理模型＂,并且能清晰地认识物理模型的本质特征。 相似文献
13.
陈锋 《南宁职业技术学院学报》2012,(3):62-64
高职院校《室内设计制图》课程,主要目的是培养学生识图与绘图及空间想象力。但其毕竟不是专门针对室内设计专业的,室内设计有自己特定的内容和表达方式。通过课程内容整合,把原有的建筑制图、房屋构造、人体工程学、cad的部分内容有机组合,形成适合于高职室内设计专业的《室内设计制图》课程教学内容。 相似文献
14.
Teaching and Learning Physics in a 1:1 Laptop School 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
1:1 laptop programs, in which every student is provided with a personal computer to use during the school year, permit increased
and routine use of powerful, user-friendly computer-based tools. Growing numbers of 1:1 programs are reshaping the roles of
teachers and learners in science classrooms. At the Denver School of Science and Technology, a public charter high school
where a large percentage of students come from low-income families, 1:1 laptops are used often by teachers and students. This
article describes the school’s use of laptops, the Internet, and related digital tools, especially for teaching and learning
physics. The data are from teacher and student surveys, interviews, classroom observations, and document analyses. Physics
students and teachers use an interactive digital textbook; Internet-based simulations (some developed by a Nobel Prize winner);
word processors; digital drop boxes; email; formative electronic assessments; computer-based and stand-alone graphing calculators;
probes and associated software; and digital video cameras to explore hypotheses, collaborate, engage in scientific inquiry,
and to identify strengths and weaknesses of students’ understanding of physics. Technology provides students at DSST with
high-quality tools to explore scientific concepts and the experiences of teachers and students illustrate effective uses of
digital technology for high school physics. 相似文献
15.
Antonia Candela 《Cultural Studies of Science Education》2010,5(3):701-727
This is an ethnographic study of the trajectories and itineraries of undergraduate physics students at a Mexican university.
In this work learning is understood as being able to move oneself and, other things (cultural tools), through the space–time
networks of a discipline (Nespor in Knowledge in motion: space, time and curriculum in undergraduate physics and management.
Routledge Farmer, London, 1994). The potential of this socio-cultural perspective allows an analysis of how students are connected through extended spaces
and times with an international core discipline as well as with cultural features related to local networks of power and construction.
Through an example, I show that, from an actor-network-theory (Latour in Science in action. Harvard University Press, Cambridge,
1987), that in order to understand the complexities of undergraduate physics processes of learning you have to break classroom
walls and take into account students’ movements through complex spatial and temporal traces of the discipline of physics.
Mexican professors do not give classes following one textbook but in a moment-to-moment open dynamism tending to include undergraduate
students as actors in classroom events extending the teaching space–time of the classroom to the disciplinary research work
of physics. I also find that Mexican undergraduate students show initiative and display some autonomy and power in the construction
of their itineraries as they are encouraged to examine a variety of sources including contemporary research articles, unsolved
physics problems, and even to participate in several physicists’ spaces, as for example being speakers at the national congresses
of physics. Their itineraries also open up new spaces of cultural and social practices, creating more extensive networks beyond
those associated with a discipline. Some economic, historical and cultural contextual features of this school of sciences
are analyzed in order to help understanding the particular way students are encouraged to develop their autonomy. 相似文献
16.
Using graphs is a key social practice of professional science. As part of a research program that investigates the development of graphing practices from elementary school to professional science activities, this study was designed to investigate similarities and differences in graph‐related interpretations between scientists and college students engaged in collective graph interpretation. Forty‐five students in a second‐year university ecology course and four scientists participated in the study. Guided by domain‐ specific concerns, scientists' graph‐related activities were characterized by a large number of experience‐based, domain‐specific interpretive resources and practices. Students' group based activities were characterized by the lack of linguistic distinctions (between scientific terms) which led to ambiguities in group negotiations; there was also a lack of knowledge about specific organism populations which helped field ecologists construct meaning. Many students learned to provide correct answers to specific graphing questions but did not come to make linguistic distinctions or increase their knowledge of specific populations. In the absence of concerns other than to do well in the course, students did not appear to develop any general interpretive skills for graphs, but learned instead to apply the professor's interpretation. This is problematic because, as we have demonstrated, there are widely differing viable interpretations of the graph. Suggestions for changes in learning environments for graphing that should alleviate this problem are made. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 36: 1020–1043, 1999 相似文献
17.
为了在物理课堂教学中以科学有效的提问去调动学生积极思维,激发学生的探求欲望,培养他们勤于思考、乐于探究的科学精神和能力.通过调查分析和理论研究,从新课程背景下物理课堂教学的特点出发,立足课改要求,提出了新课程背景下物理课堂教学问题设计和组织实施的策略,以实现物理课堂教学最优化. 相似文献
18.
The physics questions submitted to an ‘ask a scientist’ website were classified with respect to field of interest in physics,
type of requested information in the question (factual, explanatory, etc.), and motivation for asking the question (applicative
or non--applicative). In addition, differences in the number of females’ and males’ questions in these classifications were
determined. Analysis of 995 physics questions submitted to the website indicated that modern physics questions (30.7%) were
the most frequent while vibrations and wave motion questions (3.3%) were the least frequent. More than half of the questions
(57.8%) were submitted to request factual information. Motivation to ask a question was inferred from the question, and was
generally not related to direct and/or personal application. There were obvious differences in the number of questions asked
by females and males: 84.7% of questions were asked by males while 15.3% were asked by females. However, significant gender
differences were not observed in field of interest in physics, type of information requested in the question, and motivation
for asking the question. 相似文献
19.
在普通物理实验中 ,已理想地消除了产生系统误差的原因 ,但在相同条件下多次重复测量同一物理量时 ,还会发现各次测量值之间有差异 ,由此而产生的误差的绝对值和符号以不可预定的方式变化着 ,这就是随机误差 (又称偶然误差 ) ,因此对误差的计算主要是随机误差的计算 相似文献
20.
图形计算器与中学数学创新教育—几个值得思考的问题 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7
图形计算器作为一种现代化教育技术，在中学数学创新教育中发挥着越来越大的作用，近几年来，北京市有40多所中学的几百名教师，利用图形计算器开展课题研究，使图形计算器进行中学数学创新教育的关键是教育观念的更新，重点是改进课堂教学过程，方向是实现现代教育技术与课程及教材的整合，开展课题研究则是进行创新教育的一种重要而有效的途径。 相似文献